Dani Baliem Valley of Papua.

In the central highlands of Irian Jaya, lies a large valley with a length of 72 km and a width of 16-31 km, inhabited by soldiers and Neolithic farmers. Dani tribes and sub-tribes such as the Yali and Lani with their culture are very complex and primitive, which still looks like a "stone age". Baliem Valley is located in the district of Wamena, Irian Jaya, which is known as the home of indigenous Papuans.
Dani is A tribe who inhabited the area in the Baliem Valley known since hundreds of years ago as a skilled farmer and also formerly known already using the tool tooling tools even when discovered by experts, dani tribal people have known the use of tools such as: ax stones, knives made from animal bones and so forth.
In the last decades of the most isolated parts by swamps and mountains. They live among undergrowth, still maintain and raised pigs as a pet or animal can be said to prey. They still use the technology of the World Neolithic past.
There are about approximately 250,000 Dani live in the central highlands. Baliem Valley. One of the oldest tribes in the highlands of Papua which has the highest population density in the province of Papua.
Dani build their huts in a compound well, which express the character of environmental adaptation and Dani.
The temperature of the plateau ranges between 26 degrees Celsius during the day and 12 degrees at night. Forests where the Dani live very rich flora and fauna which are endemic often like paradise, Mambruk, parrot assortment of insect and butterfly colors and diverse culture of the Dani color. For itself, although Dani Christians, many of the ceremonies they are still old-style culture handed down by their ancestors. Dani believed to rekwasi. The whole religious ceremonies accompanied by singing, dancing and offerings to the ancestors. War and hostility usually occurs because of problems crossing the border areas, women and theft.
In this rekwasi, the soldiers will usually make tanfa with lard, shells, feathers, kus-kus, sago sticking, mango tree sap, and flowers in their body parts. Hand them carrying traditional weapons such as spears Dani, axes, machetes and bows and their arrows.
One other unique habit of Dani tribe itself is a habit they are singing the songs of heroism and or sad stories to cheer and also a time when their barriers to work. To the accompaniment of musical instruments or sang hum itself is usually a musical instrument Pikon, which is one tool that is inserted between their nostrils and ears. Besides as praising, this tool also doubles as a cue to a friend or foe in the woods when hunting.
This is a traditional house in the Baliem Valley Dani tribe - Papua. This home is named House Honai. The house is a traditional house in honai Papua made of wood. What is unique is the hemispherical roof or dome and made of straw or reeds. Honai house is so small, cramped, and windowless. Such built to withstand the cold air from the surrounding mountains of Papua, this custom home is only as high as 2.5 meters to 2.5 meters Although, Honai house consists of two floors. The first floor is used as a bed. On the second floor, the room is used as a place to rest, eat, and do crafts. Between every floor connected by a ladder made of bamboo. Honai house normally occupied by 5-10 people. In its function, the house is divided into three types, namely home for men called Honai, or Ebei home for women, and for piggery or Wamai. All the same shape, but its function is berbeda.Dalam a custom housing complex, we can find some Honai. Interestingly, the number of existing Ebei indicates the number of wives, because men in this area have more than one wife, especially chiefs. Although custom home Honai is home to indigenous peoples living Dani, but we are not going to find tools furniture or household items such as beds, tables or chairs in it. That's because people are still applying dani tribal traditional system in the application of life even for sleeping only Dani tribal people still use dry grass as their bedding.

a. Dani Location. 

Geographical Dani
Jayawijaya geographically located between 30.20 to 50.20 'South latitude and 1370.19' to 141 east longitude. Regional boundaries Jayawijaya are as follows: North by Jayapura and Yapen Waropen, West Paniai, Merauke and the South East border with the country of Papua New Guinea.
Jayawijaya topography consists of high mountains and broad valleys. Among the mountain peaks that some of them are always covered with snow for example Puncak TRIKORA 4750 m, Yamin Peak 4595m and 4760m Puncak Mandala. Soil generally consists of limestone / limestone and granite mountains of the region, while the surrounding valley is a mixture of sediment Mud, clay and loam.
Dani climatological
Dani occupy wet tropical regions because it is influenced by the location of the height of the sea surface and air temperatures vary between 80-200Celcius, the average temperature of 17.50 Celsius with 152.42 days per year of rainy days, humidity levels above 80%, the wind blows throughout the year with the highest average speed of 14 knots and 2.5 knots lowest.

b. Demographic. 

Demography
- Papuan tribes (52%), Non Papua / Arrivals (48%) (2002)
* Papua: Aitinyo Tribe, Tribal Aefak, Asmat, Agast tribe, the Dani, Tribe Ayamaru, Mandacan Tribe, Tribal Biak, Serui Tribe, Tribal Mee, Amungme, Kamoro
* Non-Papua/Pendatang: Java, Makassar, Bugis, Batak, Minahasa, Huli, Chinese,

c. History.

Human civilization Papua, Especially Dani who inhabit the Baliem Valley Tribes is a civilization that can be said is still very new. Dani tribes inhabiting the Baliem Valley area is one of the Largest tribe who inhabited the Central Highlands region of Papua Dani addition to the Central Highlands region of Papua inhabited by tribes, Ekari, Moni, Damal, Amugme and some other sub tribes.
Dani tribes inhabiting the Baliem Valley and surrounding tribes are thought to be derived from the East or in the Baliem Valley are familiar with the area name yah (currently included in the district and district Yalimo Yahokimo). So based on folklore that often dibicakan by tua2 that dani tribal ancestors came from the Yali. The myth tells that the first man / man first named Dani Pumpa (Male) and Nali nali (Women) are entered into the Baliem Valley from the east by a Goa. There are some sources that say Goa's first release of the first man's place comes from Goa Times Huam (Regional Siepkosy), others say from Goa in the Regional Pugima and some say that the release of the first man dani tribe is derived from the entrance of the wind in the area Kurima .
The lack of research is rather difficult for the decision Dani origin, the presence of Papua island itself was discovered in 1511 by the Portuguese in search of spices journey. Meanwhile, Dani had just discovered in 1954 by Lourentz during an expedition to G.Trikora. Up to this time Dani estimated that inhabit the Baliem Valley is a 5th generation Dani, when drawn from the stories Ancestors Dani civilization. With the rapid development of technology, where civilization Dani who was then still in the Stone Age civilization faced with modern life, straight through several stages of civilization must be a serious threat to the Dani tribe in civilization increasingly Cultural forget this.

d. Modernization.

Modernization of renewal implies covering all aspects of life, production turn the way, thoughts and feelings that lead to new things: the values ​​or social norms, behavioral patterns, organizations, social institutions, the layers in society, the power and authority as well as social interaction and so on for a life better and more feasible.
Modernization is a systematic process. Modernization involves changes in almost all aspects of social behavior, including industrialization, urbanization, secularization, centralization, and so on. In order to achieve the status of a modern, structures and traditional values ​​in total should be replaced with a set of sruktur and modern values. For this case, Huntington, stated, that the modernization theory see 'modern' and 'traditional' as the two concepts are essentially contradictory (asymmetric).
Because the world historian Marshall Hodgson is less likely to be named the advanced age of mankind dominated by science and technology as' Age 'modern' because of the connotation of the word 'modern' is always positive-but 'Mechanical Age' (technical age) with neutral connotation, can be good and can be bad too. Because neutrality 'Mechanical Age' was the most important role of ethics.
Even Roger Garaudy (Your first name creed, Muhammad Nuruddin), refer to the time of the technique as a 'tool of religion'; That is an age dominated by the device, technique or instrument, and very few actually answer what the intrinsic purpose of it all. Tools, techniques, and instruments become a destination in itself that controls human life and become a new religion.
As of April 1954, a few Christian ministers of the United States of organasasi Cristian religious broadcasting and Missionary Alliance (CAMA abbreviated) arrived, people still hdup Palim isolated from the outside world. They were at that time still using stone tools by the same shape as the experts thought to originate from the prehistoric Neolithic epoch, so that they seemed to still be in the Stone Age Neolithic.
The pastors then some agam broadcasting center in the southern Baliem Valley in the confederation Asso-Lokobal/Asso-Wetipo (sic). With the presence of the priests most Dani people suddenly faced with theoutside world is represented by the white people, the which means of life equipped with all modern equipment, from small worn everyday, until the plane, which they use as a tool transportation to and out of the Baliem Valley area.
Contact with the outside world becomes more prevalent when the Dutch government in 1956 set up a government post in Wamena, which is equipped with airfield that can accommodate planes at Dakota and when Catholic religious broadcasting organization Minnebriders Fransiskanan operations center opened two years later in Wamena.
Contact Dani tribe in Baliem beginning occurred in 1926, with the arrival of scientific expeditions Steerling. The process of modernization of the society Baliem as noted in the book 'Kebuadayaan Jayawi Jaya', edited Astrid Susanto (1994) occur in stages over time, as follows:
1). Future expeditionary contact Steerling in 1926;
2). Cultural contacts in the period 1954-1962.
     Contact modernization here is more on material culture (ax, opening          outposts government / mission and the opening of roads (the time of          Dutch colonial rule).
3). Integration period in 1963-1969.
     At this time Dani integrated into state of Indonesia through Presidential      Decree 1 of 1963 and on 16 September 1969 with the Act of events.
4). The beginning of construction in 1970-1974.
     At this time the development has not been a lot of looks, a lot of              schools opened, communication quite well, growing residential town of      Wamena, the posts in the district and built highways, hospitals and so on.
5). Adaptation period in 1975-1981. At this time many developmental            approach performed as socio-cultural adaptation, Village Government      established according to Law No. Home Affairs. 5 yr in 1974, the course opened pioneer village development (KPPD) as a cadre of representatives of each village formed. The development process was well received in Indonesian speaking good and a lot of things to adjust and change.
6.) Transition period in 1982 - until now General sec-Central Mountains region of Papua, in the early years of 1980-1990, the Dani, many encountered the men wearing Koteka and tassel for women. Not often found in the city now, but the areas are still isolated and far from the center of government there are many           citizens who still wore Koteka as a symbol of backwardness and underdevelopment.
Moderinisasi new venture undertaken by Indonesian military officials such as the operation of the task force by Governor Aqub Zaenal the early 1970s. But in the real sense of the modernization efforts undertaken by missionaries and the Indonesian government. Thank you for reading this article.
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Finger Cut tradition Grieving When Dani.

Finger Cut tradition Dani When Grieving. 

So many ways to show sadness and condolences left family members who died . It took a long time to restore back pain lose . But unlike Dani in Papua , they have a fairly strange traditions . If there is one family member who died , not only by crying , they also cut off his finger .
Cutting finger symbolizes sorrow and pain when losing a loved family member . The phrase is so profound , even to lose a limb . For the people of the central mountains , the family has a very important role . For the people of Baliem Jayawijaya togetherness in a family has its own values ​​.
Not only dani tribe who do so . Overseas, the yakuza gang would cut off one finger members when they fail to carry out the mission .

Why should cut off a finger ?

For Dani , a finger can be interpreted as a symbol of harmony , unity , and strength in man as well as a family . Although the existing naming finger on the human hand just to mention a family representative that the thumb . However, if the observed differences in the shape and length of each finger has a unity and togetherness force to relieve all human workload . Fingers work together to build a force that our hands can function perfectly . Ruasnya only lost one , could result in our hands maximal work . So if one part disappears , then there goes the components together and diminished strength .
Other reason is " Wene opakima dapulik welaikarek mekehasik " ​​or basic guidelines to live together in one family , one clan , one honai ( home ) , one tribe , one ancestor , one language , one history / origin , and so on . Togetherness is important for the community central highlands of Papua . Deep sorrow and hurt the bereaved family members , will be recovered if the wound had healed and the finger does not hurt anymore . Maybe that's why the people of the mountains of Papua cut finger when there is a family who died .
Finger Cut tradition in Papua itself is done with a variety of a lot of ways, ranging from using sharp objects such as knives , axes or machetes . There also are doing it by biting her knuckles to break up , tied with a rope so that the blood flow stops and knuckles be dead , then just do the cutting finger .
In addition to the tradition of cutting a finger , there is a tradition in Papua also performed in the mourning ceremony . The tradition is a tradition of a mud bath . The mud bath is done by members or groups within a certain period . Mud bath means that every person who died has been returned to the wild . Humans originated from the land and back to the ground .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno .
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Inconsistent government policies.

Employees indicate money changers in U.S. dollars ( U.S. ) , South Jakarta , Friday (29/11/2013). After touching a new position at Rp 12,000 per U.S. dollar, the rupiah this morning rebounded 0.34 percent to Rp 11,978 per U.S. dollar .
Government policies that are not consistent in fixing the value of the rupiah currency speculators made ​​vulnerable presence or stowaway . This is a stowaway actions of speculators who profited amid the weakening rupiah .
An economist said that many government policies that are inconsistent . Including raising the BI rate policy that will not work as long as the government does not fix the maximum reliability of the domestic industry.
"In theory, the BI rate climbed to reduce imports , with the BI rate , the government would put the brakes on economic growth , but if it is not accompanied by building domestic industries result is the same lie , even the import requirements of raw materials could reduce competition , let alone electricity is also rising , " he said to Tribunnews in Jakarta , Sunday ( 01/12/2013 ) .
In addition to other policies BI rate policy is a style of SBY-Boediono administration in reducing imports by raising import duty vehicles luxury cars . Though the government provides tax breaks for low-cost cars . This policy is contradictory because it will increase the oil and non-oil imports.
" This form of inconsistent policies , how would suppress the trade deficit if the government did not try to restrain the consumption of subsidized fuel and raw material import non - oil and gas ( for cars ) ? , " He said .
As an economist , Eny also suspect there are those who take an interest in the policy is inconsistent . He said that the existence of dark passengers who played in the rupiah currency speculation .
" I suspect this situation is exploited for such purposes , but I can not definitively prove this suspicion because it is difficult to prove , " said Eny .
Eny suspicion persists because the weakening rupiah currency has reached 21 percent since the beginning of this year . Though currencies in countries in Southeast Asia only fell by 10 percent . Plus Indonesia clearly has a challenge over the growing current account deficit swells .
" When the current account deficit swelled government took the wrong instrument , instead of fixing the domestic industry even trying to reduce imports of raw materials spontaneously , not to mention we never pay attention to the ease of licenses and infrastructure improvements as a result many foreign investors do not invest to accommodate the needs of raw materials for industry in the country , " he said. Thank you for reading this article .
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Occult Ritual Kill Toddler.

Penang High Court convicted three Malaysians who killed a toddler .
Yesterday ( 29/11 ) a court ordered the three people who still have family ties to jailed immediately . Reportedly , the sadistic murders background occult rituals .
"Penang High Court sentenced the victim's parents and uncle to prison each
year, " said Ang Chun Pun 's lawyer three accused .
According to him , the court is located in the northern region of the State of Penang also remove fines respectively 10,000 ringgit (about USD 36.6 million).
In August, the court below also ensnare the perpetrators with penalties .
In addition to removing fines , revoke the Penang High Court verdict of guilty on the victim 's aunt , because the mentally ill aunt .
Now the unnamed woman was receiving treatment in one of the mental hospital in Malaysia .
Reportedly when the murder occurred , the aunt had suffered a mental breakdown .
Chua Wan Zuen, tragic death toll at the hands of parents and close family last year.
When the eight adults smothered two -year -old boy with a blanket for hours .
That said , the ritual performed to ward off evil spirits that possessed Chua .
Instead of an evil spirit , that girl 's life just floating .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno .
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Lotus - Renault Still Waiting Quantum.

Not to Afford Make sure Line - Up Racers 2014.
The end of the 2013 season be a stressful time for Lotus - Renault , not because of the title race , but rather the continuation of their journey in next season .
Lotus is awaiting investors who will provide smooth in 2014 .
Lotus still has full confidence that the Quantum Motorsports will be their investor .
The two sides have not reached an agreement . The deal originally took place before the U.S. Grand Prix in Austin , Texas last week is still pending .
In June 2013 Lotus announced the sale of 35 percent stake toa consortium of private investors , including a multinational group headquartered in Abu Dhabi .
The entry of these investors provide a bright spot to secure their financial condition .
The group led by businessman based in the United States , Mansoor Ijaz .
Shares owned Infinity went into the hands of Quantum Racing . While Lotus revealed that the deal has not been completed .
Earlier this month at Abu Dhabi GP Ijaz told the media that the deal has been completed , but three weeks later , before the series final race of the season in Brazil which will be held on Sunday ( 24/11 ) local time , Lotus says it is still waiting for the investment deal is finished .
" There are still a number of discussions that took place , especially now among investors , " said team principal Eric Boullier of Lotus in a press conference at the Interlagos , Brazil .
" The process is not yet completely finished . , But I think most of the deal has been completed , " he told Autosport .
Failure to complete the deal affect the determination of the Lotus driver line-up for 2014 F1 season .
Lotus has not signed any contract with the drivers to get the certainty of funding sources that support their activities next season .
Lotus reportedly targeting rider from Germany who is now racing for Sauber , Nico Hulkenberg , while the French driver Romain Grosjean is expected to survive. But Quantum may look for other drivers who can bring financial support , for example, backed Pastor Maldonado of Venezuela oil company
(PDVSA). Thank you for reading this article .
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Not For Parents encouragement.

Daniil Kvyat surprisingly get a seat for the Toro Rosso Formula 1 2014.
He will replace Daniel Ricciardo next season promotion to Red Bull - Renault .
Daniil Kvyat who was 19 years old and previously only compete in the European F3 to get rid of a lot of other riders who already " get in line " entry by following Toro Rosso Red Bull Academy .
Many have mentioned that Daniil Kvyat later became the golden boy like Sebastian Vettel Red Bull today .
In the international media interview session in Hospitality Toro Rosso , he tells how he could get into the Toro Rosso , feelings and targets in the future .
" Surprise , too, but not too . I was already prepared when entering F1 at any time . Now I am ready to undergo any programs for that, " said Daniil Kvyat .
Kvyat might say do not be surprised , but many people in the neighborhood are concerned about the presence of F1 , because not too ripe , it is feared could cause a lot of accidents next season .
Concerns are actually quite reasonable, because he had to get a super license to drive a F1 car on 12 November last .
He also has never appeared in the GP2 event like most of the current F1 drivers . Daniil Kvyat answer that question with the good appearance of the first practice session on Friday .
Despite just turning 20 laps because of the practice session was delayed due to fog disorder , he was able to record the fastest time of the seventeenth among 22 other drivers . When compared with Ricciardo , he merely 0.2 seconds adrift .
Start playing karts since I was young , never Kvyat specially prepared by his parents to Formula1 .
" Even my parents never knew about motorsport . They just quote me a lesson karts and all went just like that until today . Indeed, many parents like that , but my parents were not so , " he said .
By the age of 19 years , Kvyat has a chance to break the record for Vettel as the youngest driver to win a race series .
Kvyat was likely as the youngest driver to become world champion whose record also held by Sebastian Vettel. Interesting also we wait for their roles .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno
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The future of Romain Grosjean.

Attract Partners Pastor Maldonando as Romain Grosjean Season 2014.
One more Formula1 team complete the line - up for the 2014 season . After ensuring the future of Romain Grosjean , Lotus - Renault ended the puzzle surrounding the replacement Kimi Raikkonen .
Team based in Enstone , England chose the Venezuelan driver Pastor Maldonado as a partner Romain Grosjean .
The move is believed to trigger the Pastor Maldonado profound effect on the transfer market F1 driver .
Just a few days ago the new name of the driver who collects the victory in the F1 drivers' strength in the market that will join Lotus .
His name shifts the other candidates like Nico Hulkenberg and Sergio Perez who had already been linked with Lotus , but compared to its competitors , Pastor Maldonado has a great advantage that factor funds .
"This is a fantastic opportunity for me separately joined the Lotus F1 team in 2014," said Pastor Maldonado told Autosport .
Join the Lotus means making Pastor Maldonado reunited with Eric Boullier team principal holding positions there .
Pastor Maldonado never raced under the direction of Eric Boullier in the DAMS team in the Renault World Series in 2005 .
" It's no secret , I want to change the view to help push my career in F1 and Team Lotus offers the best opportunity for me to be competitive next season , " said Pastor Maldonado .
Pastor Maldonado are believed to bring financial impact for any team which defended . It could not be separated from the support of the Venezuelan national oil mill PDVSA him .
On the other hand , Lotus was in need of an injection of funds to undergo the 2014 season .
" Regulation and cars will change significantly , so this is a very good time for new beginnings . Impatient I have a car to race with a black and yellow ( the color of the Lotus car ) , " he added .
Maldonado of Williams 's departure was announced earlier this month . While Williams has recruited Felipe Massa of Ferrari to be tandem Finn Valtteri Bottas .
Meanwhile , Boullier believes the tandem Grosjean and Maldonado will bring a good result for Lotus .
" We are confident of being able to provide the right environment to support them shine in the circuit on a regular basis , " said Boullier .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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