Beautiful place and Extreme.

Our world is outstanding with beautiful natural wonders and interesting. However, in addition to beautiful and natural scenery quite "Wow", there are a variety of interesting stories when I visited. in fact, if you want to visit this place, you have to risk their lives to get there.
The Beautiful and Extreme are risking lives to visit it is

Trolltunga, Norway.

Literally translated as Troll Tongue, Trolltunga is one of the most spectacular cliff scenery in Norway. Located 1,100 meters above sea level, hovering 700 meters above lake Ringedalsvatnet. The view is breathtaking. The increase in the high mountain passes, and takes Totaal 8-10 hours to reach it, and climb about 900 meters. The increase is usually possible from mid-June, depending on when the snow melts in the mountains. Do not forget to bring an extra pair of pants if you plan to take a peek over the edge.

Siju Caves, Meghalaya.

The Siju Cave in Meghalaya is the first natural limestone cave in India. It is also home to a thin rope bridge that connects the peaks of the two hills. Wobbliness that will make you panic. do not forget to use the extra pants when visiting this place.

Huayna Picchu. 

The ancient city of Machu Picchu is best seen on the summit of this mountain. However, you will get there the hard part. Inhospitable terrain, the stairs are narrow and steep, and the plateau was terrible. intend to try?

Hussaini Hanging Bridge, northern Pakistan.

Located in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan, the bridge serves as a connection in the entire Borit Lake in Upper Hunza. The rope bridge is both long and poorly maintained. Many boards are missing, and strong winds rocked when you cross the bridge. A, old, broken bridge previously hung in tatters beside the "new" one, not something that will ease your nerves.

Although it looks dangerous, the bridge Hussaini is relatively safe and has become something that attracts tourists, with pedestrian test their nerves as they carefully work their way around.

Box Mont Blanc, France.

We are not talking about a luxury brand, but a glass box 12 604 feet standing on a rock to give a 360 degree view from the highest peak in Europe. Engineers have to convince visitors about the resistance of the structure and the technology that prevents the box from the overthrow of the edge. But is that enough?

Mount Huashan, China.

 

Visitors flock to these mountains in China famous for cases almost vertical stairs, steep edges, and the creaking wooden planks bolted to the side of the mountain.

The Cliffs of Moher, Ireland.

This cycling trail in Ireland will provide extreme adventure sports fanatics orgasm. Winding track is 4 feet wide at the widest part and appear as "madness cliff" in the 1987 film 'The Princess Bride'.

Trift Suspension Bridge, Switzerland.

The Trift Bridge is a pedestrian suspension bridge that is the most spectacular of the Swiss Alps. 100 meters high and 170 meters long, and poised above the region of the Trift Glacier. Even reaching the bridge through the ravine by cable car is an adventure.

Phugtal Monastery, Ladakh, India.

Located in the Zanskar region of Ladakh, t he monastery is a unique construction of mud and wood. It is built at the entrance of the cave in the cliff-face of a lateral gorge of a major tributary Lungnak (Lingti-Tsarap) River. From a distance, the monastery looks like a giant beehive.

It is the only monastery can be reached on foot. Height and limited choice for food make it a little difficult for visitors to adapt to this location.

El Caminito Del Rey, Spain.

Known as "small Pathway King," was built in 1905 and has had little or no improvements made to date. Therefore, climbers who dare to challenge enjoyed a dangerous part and completely destroyed.

Devils Pool, Zambia.

Pool Devil forming the lip of Victoria Falls, the highest waterfall in Africa, which borders Zambia and Zimbabwe. Many visitors have lost their lives trying to get a perfect view of the 355 foot cascade but that did not stop the local tourism industry of stop tourists from visiting it.

Stolen Chimney, Fisher Tower, USA.

The Stolen Chimney is located in the Ancient Arts tower, one of the Fisher Towers in Moab National Park, Utah. This is the most common route for Corkscrew Summit climb the tower, which is the westernmost peak of the tower Ancient Art but not the highest. This summit is important for a very unusual shape makes this climb is technically different from most other climbs.

Kjeragbolten, Norway.

Kjeragbolten is a rock wedged between two rocks on the mountain Kjerag and has long been a famous photo op. It is displayed in the 2006 Visa viral video 'Where was Matt? "Where the tourists Matt Harding dancing on the stone tiles. Because of the immense popularity, long lines are usually formed by people who want to have photos of the site. The waiting time is expected to be anywhere from a few minutes to more than an hour. Let's just hope that gravity does not decide to have a walk in the near future.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/beautiful-place-and-extreme.html
Published Date: December 26, 2015 at 13:37

Tag : Beautiful place and Extreme.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Muara Takus history.

Barelang temple is an Indonesian national cultural heritage. Located in the village of Muara Takus, District Thirteen Koto Kampar, Kampar. This place became one of the famous sights in Riau, even Indonesia. Visitors not only want to see up close the historical relics of the past, but many are held iven with coworkers or family.

The temple is located about 128 kilometers from Pekanbaru, directions to the West Sumatra (West Sumatra). Koto expanse of Lake Hydroelectric long stretches in the right side of the steel bridge, spoil the eye could see before entering the small road to the right towards Muara Takus. After passing through the village of Tanjung Alai, Gulamo, Inscribed Stone and Koto Tuo, temples and even then visible. The road taken, smoothly paved. Only some parts are damaged.

Stupa temple with yellow, is clearly visible. There are high, some are low. There is a flat building that no longer has a stupa. The buildings are located on an area of ​​about 74x74 meters. Iron fence surrounds the building.

Barelang temple is a Buddhist temple. This can be seen from the stupa is a symbol of the Buddha. There is the argument that this temple is a mix of forms of Buddha and Shiva temple. The main building which is called the Old Temple. This temple measuring 32.80 mx 21.80 m and is the largest building on the existing buildings. It is in the north temple youngest. In the East and West there are stairs that according to the original estimates decorated effigies.

The second building is called Temple Mahligai. The building is a square with a size of 10.44 x 10.60 m. Height up to 14.30 meters. The third building called the Temple of Palangkaraya, which is 3.85 m East Temple Mahligai. The building consists of red bricks that are not printed. Palangka Temple is the smallest. The recesses of the rock that is composed not the same as Mahligai temple walls. In the past, before restoration, was buried around one meter.

The fourth building is named Candi youngest. Youngest temple is located on the western side of the temple Mahligai. The building is made of two types of stone, the sandstone. In addition to these buildings, in the north or in front of the temple gate there Tua molehill that has two holes. This place is estimated a funeral pyre. One hole to insert the corpse and the other to remove the ashes. Burial place is included in the maintenance because in the complex of enshrinement. The soil in the pile are pebbles derived from Kampar River.

This temple has been restored. Bricks at the top of the temple, the bricks present. But, at the bottom is still original. Shaped like soil, soft and pervasive water. Among the stones is also a relic of the past drainage. At the very back of the temple is also a well which is used for research.

Outside the fence of this building there is a large yard. Here there are huts where people sell. This is where visitors usually rest and often perform a variety of activities. Can form a race, a game or just discuss with a mat and eat together. Facilities such as bathrooms and a prayer room are also available here.

The original area of ​​this temple is actually quite extensive, reaching 4 square kilometers. Even up on the edge of Lake hydropower which is located not far from the temple. Side of the lake in this area is also the location for tourists to visit. The trees surrounding the shade and breeze on the edge of the lake, makes visitors linger here. At the very least, they spend most of the time to take pictures here.

The lake was built in 1992. At that time, Tokyo Elektric Power Limited undertake development projects Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) in the village of Koto Panjang, District Thirteen Koto Kampar. The program of cooperation between Indonesia and Japan in the form dams. Initially, the Kampar River water will be increased up to 100 meters that can produce 140 megawatts. It is time to fuss a lot of circles. Confirmed that high water temple submerge clusters, then lowered again to 85 meters.

Muara Takus cluster was saved, but a fragment of the story is now also under the water surface of the lake. Piece of the story in the village Pongkai, village temple where the clay material is taken. Traces of a hole dug in the ground within the village about 8 kilometers downstream of the complex is destroyed Muara Takus sink.

On the other hand, also not far from the temple, there is a small building made of brick the same one used to make the temple. It is certain this building is part of the temple. Approximately 20 meters to the edge of the river, there is a pier. Not far from the pier there are wells ban. Wells are also part of the temple.

Due to the high lake water, the well had disappeared. Local residents and then look for it and re-locate the well. Do not want to lose again, residents then change the shape of these wells into the well ring. Wells even this is not obvious, though, a lot of stories and history in it.

Why the temple area is believed to be the local community area of ​​4 kilo meters, because this area was fenced with ancient embankments. This dike is made circumference. The rest of the ancient embankments are still visible. Not far from the pier. Simply by walking alone. In the area of ​​the rest of this ancient dike used to the place of manufacture and burning of bricks to make the temple. But this region has also been submerged by Lake hydropower.

Travelers who come will not be accompanied by a guide. However, this temple remains a guard and interpreter peliharanya (jupel). One of them Zaidil. He was appointed as employee salaries by Decree (SK) of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism Directorate General of Antiquities History of stone cage work areas of West Sumatra, Riau and Riau Islands when that has now been transformed into the Institute for Preservation of Cultural Property (BPCB). Zaidil working with eight other Jupel; four of BPCB and five others from the Department of Tourism Kampar.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/muara-takus-history.html
DatePublished: December 22, 2015 at 21:02

Tag : Muara Takus.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Muara Takus Temple.

Muara Takus site is a site which is located in the Buddhist temple in the village Barelang, District XIII Koto, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia. The site is located approximately 135 kilometers from the city of Pekanbaru.
Site Muara Takus surrounded by walls measuring 74 x 74 meters, made of white stone with a ± 80 cm high walls, outside their area there is also an earthen wall measuring 1.5 x 1.5 kilometers, surrounds this complex sampal to the edge of the Kampar River Right. Inside the complex there are several buildings of the temple, called the Temple of elder / older, Temple Young, Mahligai Stupa and Palangkaraya.
Archaeological experts have not been able to determine exactly when the temple site was established. Some say the fourth century, some say the seventh century, the ninth century, even in the eleventh century. However, this temple is considered to have been there in the golden age of Srivijaya, so some historians consider this region is one of the central government of the kingdom of Srivijaya.
In 2009 Muara Takus nominated to become a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Description of the site.

Barelang temple is the oldest temple site in Sumatra, is the only heritage sites that shaped temple in Riau. The Buddhist temple that is a proof that Buddhism once flourished in this area.
The temple is made of sandstone, river stones and bricks. Unlike the existing temple in Java, which is made of andesite stone taken from the mountain. Muara Takus making materials, especially clay, taken from a village called Pongkai, located approximately 6 km downstream of the site Muara Takus. Pongkai name probably derived from the Chinese language, means hole Pong and Kai means the soil, so the soil can mean hole, caused by excavation in the manufacture of the Muara Takus. Former pit that is now submerged by the reservoir inundation Hydropower Koto Panjang. But in the Siamese language, is similar to the word Pongkai Pangkali which can mean a river, and the temple site is indeed located on the banks of the river.
The main building in the complex is a large stupa-shaped tower which is mostly made of bricks and a small portion of yellow sandstone. Within the site there are Muara Takus temple building called the Old Temple, Temple Young, Stupa Mahligai and Palangkaraya. In addition to the buildings in the temple complex was also found that the mound is estimated as burning human bones. While the outside of this site there are also buildings (former) made of brick, which has not been established types of building.

Mahligai temple.

Mahligai or Mahligai Stupa Temple, the temple is considered the most intact. The building is divided into three parts, the legs, trunk, and roof. This stupa has a rectangular foundation berdenah and measuring 9.44 mx 10.6 m, and has 28 sides that surround the base of the temple with the entrance located next to the South. At the base there is a double lotus ornament, and at the center stands the cylindrical tower building with 36 hand-shaped petals on the bottom. The upper part of the building is circular. According Snitger, first on all four corners of the foundation there are 4 statues of a seated lion made of andesite. In addition, based on research conducted by Yzerman, formerly the top of the tower there is a stone with leaves oval paintings and reliefs around. The building is believed to undergo two stages of development. Allegations in based on the fact that at the foot of the building that now there is a foot profile building long before the building was enlarged.

Old temple.

Old Temple or Temple Firstborn is the largest building among other buildings on the site Muara Takus. The building is divided into three parts, the legs, trunk, and roof. The foot is divided into two. The size of the first leg height of 2.37 m while the second has a height of 1.98 m. Entrance stairs on the side of the West and East sides are decorated with stone lions. Each stair width of 3.08 m and 4 m. Judging from the rest of the base of the building has the shape of a circle with a diameter of ± 7 m and a height of 2.50 m. The size of the building foundation of this temple is 31.65 mx 20.20 m. The foundation of this temple has 36 sides that surround the base. The upper part of this building is a roundabout. There is no space at all inside the Temple Firstborn. Buildings made of bricks with an additional sandstone that is only used to make the corners of the building, pilasters, and seam-seam under foot barrier perbingkaian temple by limiting the body's legs and body with perbingkaian foot on foot. Based on 1983 research note that this temple has undergone at least two phases of development. Indications of this can be seen from the profile of the building enclosed by another wall which forms a different profile.

Youngest temple.

Youngest temple form is not much different from the temple elder. Only at the top of the quadrilateral. He stood on the west temple Mahligai with a size of 13.20 x 16.20 meters. In the east there are small stupas and there is a staircase made of white stone. Part of the foundation of the building has 20 sides, with a plane on it. On the field there is a lotus. Research conducted by Yzerman, managed to find a hole in the outskirts of padmasana stupa in which there are soil and ashes. In the land obtained three pieces of gold pieces and one piece again found in the bottom of the hole, which is etched with images tricula and three letters Nagari. Below the hole, square piece of stone found on the bottom side turned out to be etched with images tricula and nine characters. The building is divided into two parts according to the type of material used. Approximately half of the northern part of the building is made of sandstone, while the southern half of the building is made of brick. The boundary between the two parties to follow the profile shape of the building is made of sandstone. This suggests that part of the building is made of sandstone has been completed then added part of the building is made of brick.

Temple Palangkaraya.

The temple building is located on the east side Stupa Mahligai the temple body size 5.10 mx 5.7 m with a height of about two meters. The temple is made of brick, and has an entrance facing north. Palangkaraya temple in the past allegedly used as an altar.

Architecture.

Barelang temple is one of the Buddhist sacred buildings in Riau. Characteristics which indicate the sacred building is the building of the Buddhist religion is a stupa. Stupa shape is derived from early Indian art, almost an artificial mound covered with a semicircular brick or pile and given a peak of Meru. Stupa is characteristic of Buddhist sacred buildings and the changing form and function in its history in India and other Buddhist world.

Stupa based functions can be divided into three, namely :

* Stupa which is part of building something.
* Stupa stand-alone or in groups but each one as a complete building.
* Stupa which complements the group as ancillary temples.
Based on the above functions can be concluded that the buildings in the complex Muara Takus occupy the second function, ie stupas stand-alone or in groups but each one as a complete building.
Architecture Muara Takus stupa itself is unique because it is not found elsewhere in Indonesia. The temple forms have in common with Buddhist stupas in Myanmar, stupa in Vietnam, Sri Lanka or ancient stupa in India during the period of Ashoka, the stupas which have the trappings of a wheel and a lion's head, similar to the statues found in complex Muara Takus.
Lion statue itself is philosophically an element of decoration of the temple that symbolizes the good aspects that can defeat the evil aspect or aspects of the 'light' that can defeat the aspect of 'evil'. Buddhism in the decorative motifs of lions can be connected with the meaning of the Buddha, it is seen from the nickname given to the Buddha as the 'Lion of the Sakya family'. As well as the teachings given by the Buddha is also described as the 'voice' (simhanada) that sounded loud in all directions of the compass.
Initiatives Silpa texts written in that there are four types of lions that are considered good, among others:
Udyatā: lion depicted on both hind legs, his body in the reverse position and look back. This attitude is called simhavalokana.
Jāgrata: lion depicted with a very wild face (mattarūpina). He sat with his claws being raised to the top. Often called khummana Simha.
Udyatā: lion depicted in sitting position with the back foot and are usually placed on a high place. Jhmpa-known as Simha.
Gajakrānta: lion pictured sitting with his feet on the third king of the elephants. One front paw raised in front of his chest as if ready to pounce. This lion is called Simha Kunjara.
In the complex Muara Takus itself there are two temples that have a statue of a lion, the eldest temple and temple Mahligai. In Temple Firstborn lions found in front of the temple or on the steps of the temple entrance. In Temple Mahligai lions are found in all four corners of the foundation. This lion statue placement, based on the concept that comes from Indian culture, intended to keep the sacred building of evil influences because the lion is a symbol of the power of light, or both.
Based on research R.D.M. Verbeck and E. Th. van Delden alleged that the Muara Takus building was once a building which consists of a Buddhist monastery and a few temples.

Background of the establishment.

The temple is a sacred building that developed in the Hindu-Buddhist. Holy building was created as a means of worship to the deities of Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism and Buddhism came from India so that the concepts used in the establishment of a sacred building similar to the concept that developed and used in India, the concept of holy water. Sacred buildings should be near the water is considered holy. The water will be used as a means of ritual. The role of water is not only used for ritual ceremonies, but technically it is also necessary in the development and maintenance and survival of the building itself. The establishment of a sacred building somewhere is indeed a potential to be considered sacred, and not the building that potential is sacred. So in building construction business building sacred artists always consider the potential sanctity of the place where the building will be erected.
To stay awake and maintaining the sanctity of a place, it must be maintained area around the center point of the building or Brahmasthana and the four points of the compass which Lokapala god (keeper of the wind) is to protect and secure the area as Wastupurusamandala that blend the supernatural and the real world. Then performed ceremonies to purify the land. In this case the water was very instrumental during the ceremony, because in addition to purify well water to fertilize the area. Resulting in the establishment of a sacred building efforts, in addition to the potential for ground sanctity to note is the presence or availability of water in the area. This is similar to the concept of Indian culture which states that the existence of the mountain Meru as the abode of the gods dikeilingi by the seven seas. Then logically and umun to note that the establishment of most of the sacred building where he was always near water.
Geographical circumstances Sumatra region which has a large river flows strongly supports the concept of the Indian culture. With the flow of the great river of the water can easily be obtained for the purposes of ritual. In addition to water factors, economic factors may also be behind the establishment of a sacred building. The flow of the river in Sumatra in the past is a transportation route for trade. At first the number of traders who came a little. But over time due to waiting for the right time to sail they live around the area. It requires places of worship to religious and sacred buildings erected. Because it is not possible establishment of a sacred building or temple without the support of society for the survival of the founders of the holy building. Then tune with the growth and rapid trade somewhere in general will appear also sacred buildings or temples to be used as a ceremonial ritual by economic actors that have been familiar with the magical to the building of the temple, play a role in the function of social development / economic and trade ,
Power factor is also influential in the construction of a temple. An empire that conquered a territory, of course, there are the remains of which can describe the characteristic of the kingdom. It could be the remains of inscriptions and temples.

Some aspects of the establishment of the temple.

Of a building of the temple we can see some aspects of life. At this Barelang temple Dapa aspects that we see among others:
Technological aspects: The materials used are brick. The size of the bricks used to build this temple vary in length between 23 to 26 cm, width of 14 to 15.5 cm and a thickness of 3.5 cm to 4.5 cm. Bricks in the past to have a better quality of brick at the present time. This is because the clay used is filtered until absolutely no other components apart from the clay, such as sand. In addition, there is a "stuffing" in brick, usually in the form of husk. The intent of this field, so that a strong brick. Adhesion between the bricks using kosod system. Kosod system is a system of gluing bricks by rubbing brick by brick else where on the field the gosokannya given water. This system can also be found at sites in East Java and can still be found in Bali. Brick gluing system uses kosod cause adhesion between the bricks will be tightened from year to year.
Social aspect: The construction of this temple is done worked together and performed by people crowded. Likewise during the worship ceremony there are differences in status, the master of ceremonies and his followers.
Religious aspects: seen from the shape Barelang temple stupa, which shows this temple as a place of worship of the people of Buddhism, especially Mahayana
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/muara-takus-temple.html
DatePublished: December 22, 2015 at 20:18

Tag : Muara Takus Temple.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Kalasan.

Kalasan or Kalibening temple is a temple that is categorized as a Buddhist temple located in Kalasan village, Sleman regency, Yogyakarta province, Indonesia.
The temple has 52 stupas and were on the side of the highway between Yogyakarta and Solo, and about 2 km from the Prambanan temple.
At first only Kalasan is found on the site area, but once dug deeper then found even more supporters rise building around this temple. Besides Kalasan and buildings - other supporting buildings there are also three small temples outside the main temple building, shaped stupa.
Based Kalasan inscription is dated 778 were found not far from this temple mentioned the establishment of a holy building to honor female Bodhisattva, Tarabhawana and a monastery for the monks. Rulers who govern the construction of the temple was named Maharaja Tejapurnapana Panangkaran (Panangkaran) of the family dynasty. Then the comparison of manuscripts at the inscription Kelurak this figure can be identified by Dharanindra or with the inscription Nalanda is the father of Samaragrawira. So this temple can be evidence of the presence of the Sailendra dynasty, rulers of Srivijaya in Sumatra on Java.
Pre kalasan inscription lettered in Nagari, these Gaelic-speaking teachers mention the king Tejapurnapana Panangkaran of Syailaendra family managed to persuade the king to make a building sacred to the goddess Tara along with his monastery for pendera as a gift from the Sangha.
Professor Dr Casparis. based inscription Kalasan interpret it, Kalasan built together between Buddhist and Hindu. Meanwhile Van Rumond, historian of the Dutch believe that in the same site ever existed other sacred buildings are much older age than Kalasan, according to the results of research done in 1928. The building was berbentu holy temple which covers 45 x 45 meters. This means that the temple had three times improvement. As proof, he says, there is a temple with four corner legs protruding parts.
In the southern part of the temple there are two reliefs Bodhisattva, while the roof is composed of 3 levels. Roof top there are 8 spaces, two triangular roof level 8, while the bottom roof congruent with square-shaped temple which features 20 rooms on each side.

Some Features and Forms of Kalasan.

At Kalasan have a cover layer of the temple which is called Bajralepa, a kind of stucco in fine stone carvings. Detail of the decoration of this Bajralepa which is one of the characteristics Kalasan, which is also found in Candi Sari.
Plan Kalasan square-shaped building. The roof is octagonal and a top shaped dagoba (stupa). The situation has been severely damaged. Only the southern part that is still intact. Touted, its first chamber has a 6 meter high bronze statue that is now lost. While the three chambers also empty.
Body and roof of the temple is decorated with carvings very beautiful. Composed of recesses, tendrils, statues of Buddha, dagobas-dagobas and statues Gana, which is dwarf potbellied usually carry goods.
Regarding this decoration, Bernet Kempers in his book, Indonesia During the Hindu era, page 25, states that the way of making ornaments are quite neat and alluring shows that during the making of this temple has an expert sculptor and building plaster very capably.
Added by Bernet, Kalasan once entirely covered by stucco, as well as other temples. While smoothing parts of the temple are added stone coverings made of limestone.
Inside the temple are visible now, there was an older construction. Therefore, some experts say that banguna present it is an additional building of around the 9th century. The original building obviously has an older age than that.
Plan Kalasan foot located at the top of a square pedestal. The temple grounds also square. At the foot of the temple there is a makara. No decoration around the foot of the vase. Body temple squares with viewer-viewer that juts out in the middle of the side. Equipped a throne decorated sekeor singha standing on the back of an elephant.
The outside of the temple, there is a niche decorated with images of deities hold a lotus flower. At each entrance there are dijenggernya headdress when there are flower buds. There above the tree gods and the occupants of heaven plays sounds like a fiddle, drums, shells and fir.
Gana ornate roof temple there. Her roof is octagonal and two-storey. On the first level there is a statue of Buddha. At around the temple are 4.6 meters tall stupa as many as 52 pieces.
Kalasan beauty can still be enjoyed, especially in the southern part of the temple. There is a great Banaspati, lane perpendicular decorated with tendrils and makara-makara, which is including the results of the Hindu Javanese art at best. Another specialty is Makaranya facing in and out and there is a painting above the head Kala shaped towering temple roof.
When the temple is seen from the inside, the temple is composed of a pile of rocks yag interrelated and widened bottom.
Even though this temple was restored in 1927 and in 1929, but people will still find it difficult to see the beauty of this Kalasan. That's because there are parts that can not be forced to be put back together, because many original stones were missing.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/kalasan.html
DatePublished: December 22, 2015 at 19:45

Tag : Kalasan.

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Sewu temple.

Manjusrighra Sewu temple or a Buddhist temple built in the 8th century within just eight hundred meters to the north of Prambanan. Sewu is the second largest Buddhist temple complex after Borobudur temple in Central Java. Sewu older than Borobudur and Prambanan. Although originally had 249 temples, the temple community is called "Sewu" means thousand in the Java language. This naming is based on the legend Loro Jonggrang.
Administratively, complex Sewu located in Hamlet Bener, Bugisan Village, District Prambanan, Klaten regency, Central Java Province.

History.

Based Kelurak inscription which dates to the year 782 and Inscription Manjusrigrha in 792 and was discovered in 1960, the original name of this temple is "Prasada Vajrasana Manjusrigrha". Prasada term meaningful temple or shrine, while a significant Vajrajasana Vajra (diamond or lightning) reigned, while Manjushri-grha meaningful House Manjushri. Manjusri is one Boddhisatwa in the teachings of Buddha. Sewu temples have been built in the 8th century BC at the end of the reign of Panangkaran. Panangkaran (746-784) is a renowned king of ancient Mataram kingdom.
This temple complex may be restored and expanded during the reign of Rakai Pikatan, a prince of the dynasty of Sanjaya who married Pramodhawardhani of the Sailendra dynasty. After Sanjaya dynasty ruling the people still embraced earlier religion. The existence of a patterned Sewu buddha temple adjoining the temple Prambanan Hindu-style show that since time immemorial in Java Hindus and Buddhists live in harmony and religious intolerance. Because the majesty and breadth of this temple complex, believed to be Sewu temple Buddhist temple of the Kingdom, at the same center buddhist important activities in the past. The temple is situated in Prambanan valley that stretches from the southern slopes of Mount Merapi in the north to the mountains Sewu in the south, around the border of Yogyakarta and Klaten regency, Central Java. In this valley are scattered temples and archaeological sites within just a few hundred meters of each other. This suggests that this region is an important area in the religious sector, politics, and urban life of the ancient Javanese society.
This temple was badly damaged by an earthquake in May 2006 in the Yogyakarta and Central Java south. Very real damage to building structures and the main temple suffered the most severe damage. Fragments of rocks scattered on the ground, cracks and fissures between the rocks visible connection. To prevent the collapse of buildings, metal frame mounted on four corners of the building to support and hold the body of the main temple. Although the site was reopened to visitors a few weeks later after the earthquake in 2006, all the main temple remain closed and must not be entered for security reasons.
Now, after restoration, the metal frame supporting the main temple had been removed and visitors can enter the room in the main temple.

The temple complex.

Sewu temple complex is a collection of the largest Buddhist temples in the area around Prambanan, with landscape the size of land 185 meters north-south and 165 meters east-west. The entrance of the complex can be found in the four winds, but look at the composition of the building, known to the main door is located on the east side. Each entrance guarded by a pair of statues Dwarapala. Giant-sized statue guard height of about 2.3 meters is in fairly good condition, and the replicas can be found in Kraton Yogyakarta.
Originally there were 249 temples in the complex's buildings are arranged to form a mandala wajradhatu, the embodiment of the universe in the Mahayana Buddhist cosmology. In addition to the main temple of the largest one, the stretch of the central axis, the north-south and east-west, at a distance of 200 meters from each other, between the lines of the 2nd and 3rd ancillary temples (guards) there is a small temple 8 Penjuru, candi- This temple is the second largest in size after the main temple. Original in every corner of the wind there each pair facing each other over the temple, but now only parts of the twin temples of the eastern and northern parts of the temple are still intact. Based on the research foundation of the building, estimated that only one corner of the temple in the north and one in the southern corner of the temple was built, both facing east. That means it may indeed parts of the north east side of the temple and parts of the east side uselatan was never (no time) was built to complement the initial proposal.
Ancillary temples (guards) that are smaller originally consisted of 240 pieces with a similar design and is composed of four concentric rows. Judging from the deepest part (middle), the first line consists of 28 temples, and the second row consists of 44 temples are arranged with a certain distance intervals. Two outer rows, the third row consists of 80 temples, while the fourth line the outer consists of 88 small temples are arranged close together.
The fourth line of ancillary temples there are two draft Junis perwara; The fourth line (outermost) has designed a form similar to the first line (the deepest), namely on the cross section of wicket door, while the second and third row has a higher design forms with different wicket door. Many statues and ornaments that have been lost and its composition has changed. These ancillary temples filled Dhyani Buddha statues. Found four types of Dhyani Buddha in the complex Sewu. Buddha statues that used to fill these temples with statues of buddha probably similar in Borobudur.
The temples are smaller around the main temple of the greatest but some parts are no longer intact. Behind the 4th row of small temples are bare stone yard and stood in the middle of the main temple.

The main temple.

The main temple has a plan that resembles a 20-angle polygon cross or cross with a diameter of 29 meters and height of buildings up to 30 meters. At each corner of the wind there is a building structure that juts out, each with its own staircase and room arrangement and crowned with a stupa. The entire building is made of andesite. The room at the four compass points are inter-connected by galleries fenced corner ledge.
Based on the findings at the time of restoration, estimated the initial design of the building is only a single-roomed temple. The temple was later expanded by adding additional structures around it. The door is made to connect additional buildings to the main temple and created the main temple building with five rooms. The main room in the middle of the larger with a higher roof, and can be entered through the eastern space. Now there are five statues in this room. But based on the foundation or carved stone lotus throne in the main room, supposedly first in this room there are bodhisattvas Manjushri or buddha statue out of bronze whose height reaches 4 meters. But now the statue was gone, may have been plundered to take the metal since centuries ago.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/sewu-temple.html
DatePublished: December 22, 2015 at 19:28

Tags: Sewu temple.
Code: 7MHPNPADAEFW

Cempedak fruit.

Cempedak is the fruit of the plant family Moraceae. Fruit shape, flavor and fragrance such as jackfruit, despite strong aroma piercing often resemble the durian fruit.
These plants come from Southeast Asia, and spread from Tenasserim region of Burma, the Malay Peninsula, including Thailand, and parts of the archipelago: Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku up to Papua. Also a common sight in western Java.
Known widely as jackfruit or campedak, this fruit also has several local names such as bangkong (Cempedak forest, wild form in Malaysia), Baroh (Kep. Lingga and Johor), jackfruit beurit (Sunda), Nongko Cino (Java), Cubadak forest (Minangkabau) tiwadak (Banjar) and others.

Evergreen tree, was the size, height can reach 20 m although mostly just a dozen meters. Twigs and buds with fine hair and stiff, brownish. Monoecious (monoecious).

Thin leaves somewhat stiff as leather, sessile, obovate to elliptic, 2.5-5 × 5-25 cm, flat-brimmed (integer, whole), with the base of the wedge shaped to rounded and tapered tip (acuminate). Petiole 1-3 cm. Stipule ovoid elongated, tapered, wire-haired, easy to fall off and leave scars in the form of a ring on a twig.
Inflorescence alone, appearing axillary, on large branches or the main trunk (cauliflory), in particular short leafy shoots. Male wreath shaped like a mace or a spindle head, 1 × 3 to 5.5 cm long, pale green or yellowish, stemmed 3-6 cm. Hump-shaped mace elongated female flowers, the flowers are stuck deep as 1.5 mm in the shaft head and the free passage of about 3 mm.
Artificial fruit compound (syncarp) cylindrical to oval, 10-15 × 20-35 cm, greenish, yellowish to brownish, with a similar pyramidal protrusions soft spines that meeting or slippery checkered with eye facets. 'Flesh' is actually the flower jewelry enlarged and thickened, yellowish white to orange, sweet and fragrant, soft textured, slimy tongue and slightly fibrous. Unlike jackfruit, the overall mass of flesh along with the flowers sterile or fails (known as 'dami') is easily separated from the shaft ('heart') artificial fruit when ripe. Seed round of flattened or elongated, 2-3 cm.

Results and usability.

Fruit eaten fresh or processed first. Jack fruit flesh, sometimes along with seeds once, given flour, sugar or salt and fried, used as a snack to drink tea or coffee. The seeds can be fried, boiled or baked, before being eaten with a little salt mixture. Young fruit, as young jackfruit, can be used as a vegetable.
The wood is of good quality, strong and durable, so it is often used as lumber, furniture, boat or material. Fibrous bark can be used as a rope, and the sap to trawl birds. Can also be produced from wood yellow dye.
In Borneo, jackfruit or language Banjar tiwadak, besides consumed fruit flesh and seeds, the skin can be processed into food called mandai or there is also a call dami. Mandai is made by peeling the fruit skin to look white and then soaked in brine to preserve and soften the texture. Marinade can be performed over several hours or even up to a month. Mandai is usually consumed with fry until browned.

Ecology.

Naturally, wild jackfruit often found in lowland rainforest, both primary and secondary forests. Growing to a height of about 1000 m above sea level, is like a fruit tree areas with a dry season that is not firm, lands with shallow ground water level, and even the occasional hold flooded.
Cempedak commonly planted in the yard, garden mix, to agroforestry complex, which is not uncommon wilder become secondary forest. Cempedak can also naturally intersect with jackfruit.

Genuine Exotic Fruit Cempedak recognize Indonesia.
Cempedak is a fruit native to Indonesia are well known. Glance appearance and taste of the fruit is similar to jackfruit, jackfruit still reasonable because the related (one genus) with jackfruit. However Cempedak more piercing aroma like durian.

Cempedak also known as campadak or cempeda. In some areas of Indonesia, called by several local names such as jackfruit beurit (Sunda), Nongko Cino (Java), Cubadak forest (Minangkabau), tiwadak (Banjar). Whereas in English, Cempedak known as Chempedak or Champedak.

The Latin name of this plant is Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., Which has several synonym names such as Artocarpus champeden (Lour.) Stokes, Artocarpus hirsutissimus Kurz, Artocarpus integrifolius Lf, Artocarpus jaca Miq., Artocarpus pilosus Reinw. ex Miq., Radermachia integra Thunb., and Saccus integer (Thunb.) Kuntze.

Description Cempedak

Cempedak is the fruit of plants from the family Moraceae. Medium-sized tree with a height of up to 20 meters. Overall jackfruit tree similar to jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) but the ramifications thicker and more straight and tall trunk. Stem diameter of 15 to 20 cm, with bark brown-gray and contains the concentrated sap.

Green leaves, thin and slightly rough and stiff. Shaped leaves obovate to oblong, with a width of between 2.5 to 5 cm long and 5-25 cm. Cempedak stemmed leaves (1-3 cm stem length), flat brimmed with peg-shaped leaf base to the rounded and tapered tip. Leaves easily fall out and leave marks on the ring like a twig.

Flowers jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) form of compound interest are arranged in a flower pot elliptical. Male flowers and female flowers grow apart in one tree. Flowers appear in axillary, large branches or the main trunk, and special short leafy shoots.

Jack fruit is round elongated, greenish, yellowish to brownish, with a large with an average size of 40 cm long and 20 cm diameter. Prickly fruit skin like jackfruit though not as sharp and rough as jackfruit. Meat fruit (nyamplung) Cempedak thin, soft, fibrous, and taste sweet. Flesh color yellowish white with a very strong characteristic aroma. Nyamplung stick to the fruit with a strong stalk, and will remain attached even rind and 'dami' fruit removed. Jackfruit seeds roundish shape, smaller than the jackfruit seeds. Just like jackfruit, jackfruit seeds can be consumed after boiling.

Distribution, Habitat, and Benefits Cempedak.

Tree jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) grows well in lowland areas up to an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level. Indonesia is a native plant in Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua and the surrounding islands. Outside Indonesia, Cimpedak grown in Thailand, Malaysia (Malay Peninsula and Borneo).

Plants Cempedak excluding rare plants in Indonesia, not including protected plants, was not listed as an endangered species in the IUCN Red List. Even widely cultivated in the yard, garden, or grow wilder in primary and secondary forests.

The main uses his Cempedak are consumed either directly (in a fresh state) or used as processed food. The ripe fruit can be processed into jackfruit fried, like fried bananas (part dami), made jam, compote or as a mixture. While the young fruit can be cooked as a vegetable. Jackfruit seeds can be cooked and consumed. Cempedak young leaves are also widely used as a vegetable.

Cempedak Fruit for Health Benefits.

Jack fruit is a fruit that comes from Central Asia, namely Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam. The fruit has a scientific name Artocarpus champeden. This fruit when viewed at a glance, the exterior will look like breadfruit, parts of it such as jackfruit, while it smells almost like durian. So no wonder if this fruit is also called fruit which is a combination of breadfruit, jackfruit and durian. For tastes like mango and durian mixed sweeter than with jackfruit. The texture of the fruit when ripe is also softer, spongy, sticky and fibrous.

Apparently not many people in Indonesia who know or never eat this fruit. Even so the fruit is still a fruit that has many benefits for health. In the course of this fruit have some content of nutrients and compounds that are good for the body.

Ingredients Fruit Cempedak.

Jack fruit will never examined the nutritional content. It turns out this fruit has some contents that are beneficial to our health. According to sources of the Nutrition Directorate of the Ministry of Health in 1992, that the jack fruit has some contents as follows:
* Water
* Protein
* Carbohydrate
* Fat
* Calcium
* Iron
* Phosphorus
* Vitamin A
* Vitamin C
* Vitamin B1

Jack fruit has a delicious flavor. Therefore, it will normally be eaten by people while in a state still fresh. But those that process it in other ways as made compote or fried.

Even for people Banjar, South Kalimantan, usually even eat the skin Cempedak. How to remove the outer skin to look white Cempedak and cleaned. Galam then soaked with water up to 3 days to soften and fermented. Once it is fried and called the mandai fried savory and distinctive.
Cempedak young leaves are also used as a vegetable. As for the fruit seeds can also be processed by boiling or frying like jackfruit seeds. In Malaysia, the root of the jackfruit tree is also used as a mixture of traditional herbs for women after childbirth.

One of the benefits for health jack fruit is to nourish the eye. That's because Cempedak contains vitamins A 200 SI in every 100 grams. We know that vitamin A is used to maintain the health of the cornea in order to function properly. Efficacy Cempedak the other is to maintain digestive health and can reduce cholesterol in the blood. That's because Cempedak contains dietary fiber plus vitamin C higher when compared with jackfruit.

Not quite up there alone, stem bark of jackfruit contains heteriflavon compound C. The compound is believed to be able to overcome malaria parasite triggers. It also has a high energy value for each 100 grams has an energy of 116 kcal. Jack fruit water content is also quite high, it is of course very good because our bodies need daily water intake. According to research conducted by Professor Dr. Frank Yatsu, an expert from the United states that if the body has met adequate water intake will help to thin the blood, which in turn will facilitate the supply of oxygen to the brain so that it can prevent the risk of stroke. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/cempedak-fruit.html
DatePublished: December 22, 2015 at 18:57

Tag : Cempedak fruit.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Mendut temple.

 

Mendut temple is a Buddhist-style temple. The temple is located at Jalan Mayor Sills Mungkid City, Magelang regency, Central Java, was situated about 3 kilometers from the temple Borobudur.7 ° 36'17.17 "S 110 ° 13'48.01" E

Period of manufacture.

Mendut founded during the reign of King Indra of Sailendra dynasty. In the inscription Karangtengah which is dated 824 AD, mentioned that the king Indra has built a shrine called wenuwana which means bamboo forests. By a Dutch archaeologist named J.G. de Casparis, this word is associated with Mendut.

Temple architecture.

Temple building material is actually the bricks are covered with natural stone. The building is located on a high basement, so it looks more elegant and sturdy. Climb stairs and entrance facing the southwest. Above the basement there is a hallway that surrounds the temple. The roof is three-tiered and decorated with small stupas. Number of small stupas built now is 48 pieces.
Building height is 26.4 meters.

Decoration on Mendut.

Ornaments contained in Mendut form of decoration that criss-cross. Decorated with carvings of celestial beings form gandarwa gods and nymphs or nymphs, two monkeys and an eagle.
On both sides of the stairs there are reliefs Pancatantra and Jataka stories.

Hariti.

The temple walls are decorated with reliefs Boddhisatwa among Awalokiteswara, Maitreya, Wajrapāṇi and Manjushri. On the wall there is a relief of the temple body kalpataru, two angels, Hariti (a yaksi who repent and then follow the Buddha) and Āţawaka.

Buddha in position dharmacakramudra.

Inside the temple there is a statue of Buddha holding a large amount to three: the Dhyani Buddha Wairocana with hand gesture (mudra) dharmacakramudra. In front of the statue of Buddha there is a relief in the form of wheels and flanked by a pair of deer, the symbol of Buddha. On the left there is a statue Awalokiteswara (Padmapani) and the right of the statue Wajrapāņi.

Reliefs.

Relief 1 (Brahmin and a crab)

At this relief are painting animal stories or fables are known from Pancatantra or Jataka. The full story is presented below:
Then it is a brahmin who came from the underworld and named Dwijeswara. He was very fond of all sorts of animals.
Then walk him to pray on the mountain and met with a crab on a mountaintop called Astapada, brought in her clothes. Then said the Brahmin: "Kubawanya into the river, because I feel sorry." So when he walked and met with a hall resting on the riverbank. Crab was then released by the Brahmins. The Astapada was relieved of his heart. While the Brahmin rest in these halls. He slept with pleasure, her comfortable.
Is a snake who was friends with a crow and a threat to the Brahmin. Then the serpent said to his friend the Raven: "If people come here to sleep, tell me, I'm the prey."
The crow saw the Brahmin sleeping on the couch. Immediately out of the snake said: "I want to prey on her friend." That's their agreement.
The crabs brought by the Brahmin heard. Then said the crab in my heart: "Oh, really bad evil crow and snake. Equally bad behavior. "It occurred to him that the crabs are indebted to the Brahmins. He wants to pay off debt, then he thought. "There siasatku, I will be friends with both of them." So said the crab, " O both my friend, I would extend the neck, so much more enjoyable if you want to prey on the Brahmin." - "I agree with you suggest, <perform your> immediately. "So said the raven and the snake both. Both of whom participated submit their necks and disupit on the side there and here by the crab and the two immediately broke instantly. Death to the crows and the serpent.

Relief 2 (geese and turtles)

At this relief are painting animal stories or fables are known from Pancatantra or Jataka. The full story is presented below. But the story is presented below slightly different version of the painting in relief this:
There are turtles reside in the lake Kumudawati. The lake was very beautiful, a lot of its variegated lotus, there are white, red and (lotus) blue.
There gander female, wandering around looking for food in lake water Kumudawati the origin of the swan lake Manasasara.Adapun name, the Cakrangga (name) gander, the Cakranggi (names) geese females. They were together live in the lake Kumudawati.
Then a very long friends with turtles. The Durbudi (name) male, while Kacapa (name) of the female.
Then almost coming dry season. Kumudawati more water in the lake dries up. [Second] geese, si si Cakranggi Cakrangga and then say goodbye to their friend the tortoise; which Durbudi and Kacapa. He said:
"O friend we ask ourselves away from here. We want to go from here, because more water dries up in the lake. Especially before the power of the summer. Not us away from the water. That's why we want to fly from here, fled to a lake in the mountains of Hima named Manasasana, very pure water is clear and deep. Do not dry in spite of the dry season. That's where our goal comrade. "So said the tortoise ringworm. Then the answer, he said:
"Ah friend, a great love for you, now you are going to leave us, fighting for your own life.
Is not it (the situation) with us with you, can not be far from the water? Wherever you go, we will participate, in joy and sorrow you. This is the result of our friendship with you.
Goose said: "Well turtle We unreasonable There are wood, you pagutlah middle, we'll bite the tip here and there with my wife There are strong we will bring you to fly, [just] do not lose your bite ... and again not talk. Everything we overcome as long as we fly later, you should do also scolds. If anyone asks not also addressed. That's what you have to do, do not obey our word. If you do not follow our instructions will not work you get to purposes, will end up dead. "So said the goose.
Then in the middle pagutlah wood by turtles, tip and base in pecking by a goose, there and here, men chant, right. Immediately fly carried by geese, would go to the lake Manasasara, hoping purposes. Has far they fly, come over Wilanggala field. Then it is a male and female dogs that shelter under a mango tree. Nohan male dog names, female names Babyan. The one female dog looked up, saw the geese fly, they fly turtles. Then he said, "O my father, to see that there is something very unlikely Turtles flown by a pair of swans." Male dog then replied: "It's impossible what you say Since when there are geese flying turtle taken by There turtles but dried buffalo dung, nests Presents for children geese, that is ..?." So said the male dog.
There comes a dog with a turtle said, angry thoughts. Vibrating the one mouth because it is considered as dry buffalo dung, nests.
Then the gaping mouth of the turtle, bitten her loose wood fell to the ground and then eaten by wolves male and female geese. The shame is not obeyed his advice. Then they proceeded to drift into the lake Manasasara.

Relief 3 (Dharmabuddhi and Dustabuddhi)

The story is about two friends children merchants. One day Dharmabuddhi find the money and told his friend Dustabuddhi. Then they both hide the money under a tree. Whenever they need money, Dharmabuddhi take some and apportion. But Dustabuddhi not satisfied and one day take all the money left. He then accused Dharmabuddhi and put them on trial. But Dustabuddhi finally caught and punished.

Relief 4 (Two different parrot)

This relief depicts the story of two brothers but different parrot behavior because one educated by a highwayman. While the one by a priest.

Mendut Buddhist Vihara.

Right next Mendut Mendut there are Buddhist temples. This monastery was formerly a Catholic convent that then the land parceled out to people in the 1950s. Then people's lands bought by a Buddhist foundation and on it built a monastery. In this temple there are dormitories, places of worship, parks, and a statue of Buddha. Some of them are donations from Japan.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/mendut-temple.html
Published Date: December 21, 2015 at 11:44

Tag : Mendut temple.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW