Do You Know Kublai Khan.

Kublai Khan (Mongol language: Хубилай хаан), Khubilai Khan, Kublai Khan or the "Last Great Khan"; Central Mongolian language: Qubilai Qaγan, "King Qubilai"; Chinese: 元世祖; pinyin: Shìzǔ yuan; Wade-Giles: Yuan Shih-tsu, "the founder of the kingdom of Yuan; Chinese: 忽必烈; ​​pinyin: Hūbìliè, also spelled Khubilai; (September 23 1215-18 Februari 1294) is the Mongol emperor (1260-1294) and also founder of the dynasty Yuan (1279-1294). Born as the second son of Tului and Sorghatani Beki, the grandson of Genghis Khan. He replaced his brother in the year 1260. Mongke another brother, Hulagu, mastered Persian and establish Il-Khanate.

Childhood.

Kublai was the grandson of Genghis Khan. His youth spent studying Chinese culture. When Mongke became emperor, Kublai became governor of the South Mongolian. When serving, Kublai improve crops Henan province and improve the social welfare of Xi'an.
In 1253, Kublai attack Yunnan. Then he mastered and destroy the kingdom Dali. In 1258, Kublai Mongke appointed to lead the troops from East to help conquer Sichuan and Yunnan. Before arriving (1259), there is news that Mongke died. At that time Kublai keep attacking Wuhan. Soon he heard that his brother usurped the throne. Kublai directly reconciled with Sung and return the land to the north desert of Mongolia.
Kublai and his brother each and lift themselves into Khan. Second battle lasted for 3 years, where Kublai emerged as the winner. That's when Yizhou governor Li revolted against Mongol. This incident raises distrust Kublai against Han nation. When in power, Kublai issuing anti-Han laws, such as the prohibition of titles for local authorities in China.

Yuan Dynasty.

Kublai Khan then made himself not only as Khan of the Mongol Empire, but also as Emperor of China, and build soil Yuan Dynasty in China. He was then ordered to move to the Mongol capital of Beijing. At that time the Mongol empire reached its golden age in which traders from China can go safely trade in Europe. European traders who are hungry for silk fabrics can come buy merchandise in China to secure peace. Marco Polo from Italy arrived in China during the Yuan Dynasty, and was once used as a governor by Kublai Khan. This is a direct trade marks the first time emerged between Europe and China, where the European demand for porcelain, carving, and silk from China drove high.
Various invasion of East Asian countries and South East Asia launched by troops of Kublai Khan. Its main purpose is to expand the influence of power, launched a trade and receiving tribute from other countries in Asia. Imperial Yuan Dynasty reached its widest limit while under the rule of Kublai Khan, the completion of the conquest over the Sung Dynasty, which occurred in 1279.
Kublai Khan was not only preoccupied by the war, but he also studied Chinese tradition. He is happy with the life and customs of China. Artists, stonecutters, cooks the best all gathered in Beijing to spur the customs of the country. Marco Polo reportedly also brought many cultural treasures such as silk and cooking recipes from China to Italy.

Invasion of Korea.

Mongol troops entered the territory of Korea in 1216. At that time the relationship lasted well because the troops were ordered to destroy the Mongol Khitan army. At that time the relationship between the kingdom of Koryo (Korea), and Khitan kingdom is not going well. Khitan army who do not receive food aid from the kingdom of Korea took steps to seize food from villages in Korea to fight the Mongolian empire. Koryo king decided to join forces in destroying Mongolia Khitan forces. After the war, the king of the Koryo kingdom of appeasement towards Mongolia and send annual tribute. But the tribute is seized by robbers and Mongolian ambassador was killed. It resulted in angry Mongol empire and sent his troops to enter the punisher of Korean territory for the second time.
Fierce fighting occurred in the year 1231. The Mongols captured the king of Korea and founded the Mongol camp to secure colonies. Then most of their forces back to the land of the Mongols. But the camp was attacked by the rebels. It raises the third invasion in 1254 that ended the Korean royal life. In 1258 the entire territory of Korea was overrun by the Mongol empire. Korean king who fled to the small island of Cheju, then marry his daughter to the Mongol empire in 1273. Island that are then used by the Mongols for the planned invasion of the Japanese country.

Invasion of Japan.

Japanese ground invasion to be done long before the invasion of the kingdom in Southeast Asia. This invasion took place twice. The first invasion carried out in 1274 in which Mongol troops joined forces with Korea (usually slaves) landed in Hakata bay. Thousands of troops were departing from Pusan ​​(Korea) past the island of Tsushima and Iki easily. But when they want to reach Japanese soil, they were attacked by a devastating tsunami storm troops and their food up to three-quarters. The troops landed in Hakata bay does not have enough food and weapons to fight the Japanese forces. They were destroyed by the Samurai. Japanese emperor ordered Chinese troops to be released because they are residents of Tang (Chinese empire in the days of the Tang dynasty had a good relationship with Japan). While the forces of Mongolia and Korea are all beheaded. Mongol troops were sent to Japan in the form of a combination of its own Mongolian soldiers and slaves from China and Korea.

In 1281 hundreds of thousands of Mongolian troops landed for the second time in the land of Japan. Samurai Japanese forces at that time did not understand the Mongol war tactics. According to Japanese tradition, before the war started, they must hold a duel (one on one) between the commanders above the horse to measure the strength and spirit of the opponent. But at that moment, no one can speak Mongol from the ranks of the Japanese army. Mongol forces themselves do not understand Japanese. Hence, in the duel challenge shouted, thousands Mongol forces attacked blindly. Samurai forces also suffered by Mongol attacks in the form of rain of arrows. In the tradition of Samurai forces fighting with the enemies shoot accurately unlike Mongolian archery enemy indiscriminately and in large quantities. Mongol troops also used "weapons of thunder" (bombs) to destroy the Samurai army ranks. Thunder weapon was first invented by the Chinese empire. The weapon was made of clay and with a large spherical shape. In the clay filled with gunpowder. Then a ball of clay was tied with ropes and diayukan towards the enemy. Blast the ball clay is like thunder and scaring line samurai troops and horses they rode.
After the war was won, hundreds of thousands of Mongol troops back to their camp in the coastal region and set fire to nearby villages. In the evening the tsunami that destroyed their camp double and ships them worse by what happened in the year 1274. double Tsunami is called Kamikaze, which later was used by the royal name as a code war combat in the Pacific during World War 2 . The Mongols were left a bit is then destroyed by Japanese forces. It signifies the end of the Mongol invasions of Japan. Some historians say that the emperor of Japan recognizes the sovereignty of the Mongols and sent tribute, that's what makes Kublai Khan satisfied and began directing his gaze to the countries in Southeast Asia (Java, Vietnam, Cambodia, etc.).

Invasion of Annam (North Vietnam).

Kublai Khan put his attention to a southeast Asian region after he managed to control the whole region of East Asia. He began sending its ambassador to the dozens of small kingdoms to ask for an annual tribute. But it did not take place either, because many do not know the Mongolian empire and even humiliate their ambassadors. Mongolian troops and sent to destroy the kingdom of Champa, but they are not allowed to enter the territory of Annam. This incurs the wrath of Kublai Khan after troops attacked suddenly 1285. In 1287 a second wave of troops arrived and managed to encircle and destroy the capital of Annam, Hanoi. Annam king managed to escape to the south. The tropical climate is hot and humid in the area forced the Mongols to abandon their success after capturing the city of Hanoi. In 1288 the Mongol commanders were dissatisfied and attack Annam region for the third time. Although the king of Annam managed to escape, he realized that the Mongols would never stop attacking the absence of a peace agreement. King of Annam then recognizes the power Mongols and sent tribute.

Invasion of Champa (South Vietnam) and Cambodia.

Having successfully mastered the Mongol empire Annam, troops began expeditions to the south. In the same year, the king of Champa surrender and hand over power into the hands of Mongolia as the king of Annam. They become a puppet king who controlled entirely by Kublai Khan.

Invasion of Tibet and Thailand.

This invasion took place peacefully. That is because the king of the kingdom of recognizing the sovereignty of Mongolia and agreed to send tributes to the Mongol empire. At that time, Kublai Khan also preoccupied by wars with other kingdoms, so that no troops were sent to inhabit Tibet and Thailand.

Invasion of Myanmar.

This invasion took place due to the Mongol ambassador was killed by the king of Burma (now Myanmar). Burmese kingdom at that time was in the golden age to have an army that is abundant. Burma army troops generally in the form of an elephant. But it did not become a major challenge by Mongolian troops. In 1277 and 1283, Burmese troops held a ground invasion of Mongolia in China to show their strength. Punisher troops led by Temur (grandson Kublai Khan) leveling the capital of Burma, Pagan. Myanmar king managed to escape from the fighting, but in 1287 the entire region out of Burma under the rule of Mongolia.

Invasion of Java.

At the end of 1292 the Mongol armies began to be sent to Java, because their ambassador humiliated by Singhasari kingdom under king Kertanagara. In the year 1293 the armed forces landed in Rembang and began moving in the direction of East Java. By the time they arrived, the land of Java is filled with destruction caused by the war, long before they arrived. Singhasari kingdom itself has long ago been destroyed by the kingdom Kediri. Mongol troops who do not know what they should do it circumvented by Raden Wijaya to help him rebel against kingdom Kediri. Jayakatwang king eventually caught, and Raden Wijaya established a kingdom named Majapahit. Mongolian troops then attacked by Raden Wijaya himself and was expelled from the land of Java. Mongol commander, Ike Mese, who had lost at least 3,000 soldiers and is affected by humid tropical climate and heat it decided to sail back to the land of Mongolia with armed gold, slaves and other booty from the land of Java. But after he returned, Kublai Khan became furious after hearing the story expeditions. The commander was sentenced to 16 lashes and a half of his fortune confiscated kingdom.

Cultural heritage.

Kublai Khan once ordered a variety of food seasonings from all over the world Europe, India, and the Arab sent to Beijing to make a new food. At that moment, the famous food named Beijing Roast Duck (Peking Roast Duck) is found and until now this food is known worldwide as one of the most delicious food from China. One common legend, is about cooking recipes and how to make noodles (noodle), which has been used by the Chinese people for more than 4000 years. It is said that the strange food is then called Spaghetti and become a national food of Italy.
Although Kublai Khan liked to learn the Chinese culture, but not all commanders have similar interests. Lots of warlords or Mongol soldiers who always pillaged entire villages and towns. Many of the women were kidnapped or forcibly taken to be a slave wilderness of Mongolia. The villages are often burned and inhabitants were slaughtered as a means of sport or game is held by the Mongols. There is also a Mongol commander who ordered that every household must be escorted by a Mongol army. Every person is prohibited to connect with their neighbors. This incurs the wrath of the locals, who then made a tactical maneuver, that is by hiding secret letter into cakes which were distributed to every home as a full moon party warning. In the letter stating acts of rebellion and each resident was asked to kill the Mongol army who keep their homes at the same time. Anniversaries are then used as the national customs in China, and even celebrated by Chinese people all over the world as a celebration of the Moon (Moon Cake Festival or Feast Tiong Chiu).

The end of the Mongol empire.

Mongol empire ended by power struggles and revolts throughout the ranks of the Inner Mongolia region. After the destruction of the Yuan Dynasty in China, the Chinese Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming empire founded and ordered to hold a revenge operation against Mongolia. Mongolian capital razed to the ground along the entire treasures. After the Mongolian empire was destroyed, history records that only in 1-2 generations, the people of China and Europe lost relationship and do not know each other. After that Europeans never know the whereabouts of China, and vice versa. Marco Polo returned to Italy and proclaim that he experienced during his expedition in China, where he saw the gold-roofed monastery, royal abundant food and wealth, it is not believed by Europeans. But there is someone who believes in the legend as told by Marco Polo. He was Columbus, who hold a voyage to find the world as told by Marco Polo, and finally landed on the new continent called America.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/do-you-know-kublai-khan.html
DatePublished: July 20, 2015 at 17:18

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Did you know Old City of Semarang.

Old City area of ​​Semarang Semarang is at the center of trade in the 19-20 centuries. At that time, to secure the citizens and territory, the area was built castle, which is named after the fort Vijhoek. To speed up the transportation lane between the three gates in the fortress that then made the streets nexus, with its main street named: Heeren Straat. Currently named Jl. Let Jen Soeprapto. One of the locations the door fortress existed until now is Berok bridge, called De Zuider Por.

Old Town area of ​​Semarang called Outstadt. The area is about 31 hectares. Judging from the geography, it appears that this region separately with the surrounding area, so it looks like the city itself, thus earning the nickname "Little Netherland". Old Town area of ​​Semarang is a silent witness to the history of Dutch colonial Indonesia more than two centuries, and its location adjacent to the regional economy. In this place there are about 50 ancient buildings are still standing strong and has a history of Colonialism in Semarang. In general character of the building in the region to follow buildings in Europe around the 1700s. This can be seen from the details of the typical buildings and ornaments are identical with European style. Such as the size of the doors and windows are unusually large, the use of colored glass, the unique shape of the roof, until the basement

Like the other cities that were under Dutch colonial rule, also built the castle as a military center. The pentagon-shaped fort and the first built on the west side of the old city of Semarang today. This fort has only one gate on the south side and five watchtowers. Each tower named: Zeeland, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Raamsdonk and Bunschoten. Dutch government resettled China in 1731 near the Dutch settlement, to facilitate supervision of all activities of the Chinese people. Therefore, the castle not only as a military facility, but also as a control tower for all activities of the activities of the Chinese.

Lighthouse.

Was built in 1884. Construction of the lighthouse is associated with the development of Semarang city as a port city by the colonial government for the transport of sugar exports to the world. In the time period of the nineteenth century Indonesia was named the Indies once ranked second as the world sugar producer. The lighthouse building is the only one in Central Java. This lighthouse is located at the Port of Tanjung Emas

Semarang Tawang station.

Embankment station at Jalan Sari Pengapon, built by (Nederlandsche Indische SPOORWEGMAATSCHARIJ), inaugurated by the Governor General MR. Sloet BARON VAN DE Beele. The station replaces the previous station was built on June 16, 1864 until February 10, 1870 which serves the Semarang - Yogyakarta - Solo.
Because the station was no longer qualify, because the increase in the volume of transport then built Tawang Station. The building architect is JP DE BORDES. This building was completed in May 1914. This building has the architectural characteristics of the Indies in accordance with the conditions of the tropics. This building has a visual axis with the Church Blenduk that add value to the region. These buildings include "tetenger" Semarang.

Church Blenduk Semarang.

More than 200 years old and made "tetenger" (Landmark) Semarang. Located at Jalan Let Jend. Suprapto no.32. Blenduk church named because the top two towers and a large dome. Dome in Javanese means Blenduk. This building started up in 1753, is used for Nederlandsche the Indische Kerk church.
This building was repaired again in 1756, 1787, and 1794. In 1894 the building was dismantled as the current situation. This is a development architect DE WILDE HPA and WWESTMAS. The existence of this church contribute significantly to the development of Christianity in Semarang

Franciscan convent.

Located on Jl. Ronggowarsito no. This is the property of the Catholic 8.Yayasan. Originally in 1808 initiated the establishment of Father Lamberts Prinsen Catholic orphanage for boys named WEESHUIS.
In 1870 came a group of nuns from the Franciscan order to Semarang. Then a Dutch architect M. NIESTMAN Designing buildings at the site for the convent. Building began on February 16, 1906. On June 15, 1915 Dormitory for children son moved to a new location at Jl. Dr.Wahidin this time, while the location is used specifically for the convent. The use of this land for the chapel Sisters, kindergarten, primary school and health center. This complex extends from Jl. R. Broken until Jl. Tawang Station. Before independence the building was once used for Gurkha army headquarters

Mberok bridge.

This bridge is the main link between the Youth and Road MPU Tantular, was built in 1705. At that time, the location of the Old City called OUDSTADT also built pentagon-shaped fort, named Fort VIJHOEK, one of the gates of the fortress is the time it Berok Bridge named DEZUIDER PORT.
Later the name was changed into GOUVERNEMENTSBRUG bridge. The name is derived due to its location adjacent to City Hall office, located in Building Finance BUILDING flat today. A few years later, the bridge was renamed with SOCIETEITSBRUG.
This happens because the bridge is standing near the Art Building Societeit de Harmonie, located in the Bank of Eczema today. 1824 by tearing down the walls of fortress VIJHOEK, these bridges are very important. In 1910 the bridge was repaired with a given lighting. The last major improvements implemented in 1980. Named after the bridge "skirt" because the natives could not mention the word "BURG" which in Dutch means bridge.

Export Import Bank Indonesia.

Located on Jl. MPU Tantular 19-21 Semarang was built in 1908. At the beginning of development, this location stands a government building, also called Gouvernements. But in 1756 used for the building arts Societeit de Harmonie.
After 1908 with the migration of this opera house to a new location that is now the former Jalan Pemuda GRIS Building, at that location dismantled and erected a new building and is used for Hendel Nederlandsche MAATSCHAPPU. After the independence of Indonesia building was occupied by Bhakti Marga, which kamudian in moving handed over to the EXIM BANK and PT. COMMERCIAL PANTJA.

PT Djakarta Lloyd.

Located at Jalan MPU Tantular 23 current owner is PT Djakarta Lloyd (Persero). This building is the architect Herman Thomas Karsten after receiving the task of Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (SMN) of a business in the field of transport ships.
Viewed from this building seems well adapted to tropical conditions, which prioritizes lighting and ventilation.

PT Pelni.

Located at Jalan MPU Tantular 27 built in the early twentieth century. This building was originally occupied by NV BOUWMAATSCHAPIJ. ie company engaged in the Expedition Ship Loads.
This building is located on the banks of the river, because at that time the river navigable vessel with a large size, so that the ship can be docked and do the loading and unloading in front of the office.

PT Plantation XV.

The building is shaped Europe with an additional two (2) tower next to the left and right of the building was built in the early XIX and used for NV cultuur MAATSCHAPIPIJ DER Vorstenlanden namely Dutch company engaged in the plantation and agriculture.
The company opened a branch in Semarang in 1888. The establishment of the company is related to the history of cultivation (Cultur Stelsel) in the Dutch East Indies.

Indonesian Batik Cooperatives office.

Located at Jalan MPU Tantular 29. Standing in the 1930s. This building was erected for Entrepreneurs Batik Cooperatives at the time given in the ancient times batik has also been exported abroad.
Dated May 4, 1897 inaugurated since the beginning of the Association of Indonesian Batik standing on. The building is adapted to tropical weather conditions.

History of the Old City of Semarang.

Old city of Semarang is located in the Village Bandarharjo, North Semarang districts. Kota Lama Semarang limit is the North Road Peacock with its Tawang station, next to the East is Cendrawasih street, next to the South is Sendowo road and the West in the form of road along the river MPU Tantular and Semarang. Size Old City of Semarang around 0.3125 km 2

Like the other cities that were under Dutch colonial rule, also built the castle as a military center. The pentagon-shaped fort and the first built on the west side of the old city of Semarang today. This fort has only one gate on the south side and five watchtowers. Each tower named: Zeeland, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Raamsdonk and Bunschoten. Dutch government resettled China in 1731 near the Dutch settlement, to facilitate supervision of all activities of the Chinese people. Therefore, Fortress not only as a military facility, but also as a control tower for all activities of the activities of the Chinese.

Then the Dutch settlement began to grow on the east side of the castle "Vijfhoek". Many homes, churches and office buildings built in this settlement. This settlement is the forerunner of the old city of Semarang. The settlement known as "de Europeeshe Buurt". Forms of urban planning and residential architecture is shaped similar to urban planning and architecture in the Netherlands. Kali Semarang shaped like canals in the Netherlands. At that time the castle "Vifjhoek" not fused with the Dutch settlement.

Old town past

Old town now

The old city of Semarang is planned as a center of Dutch colonial rule in many colonial buildings. This happened after the signing of the agreement between Mataram and VOC on January 15, 1678. In the agreement is stated, that the main port of Semarang as Mataram kingdom has been submitted to the VOC, because VOC help quell the rebellion Trunojoyo Mataram. Beginning in 1705, Semarang belong fully VOC Since that time started to appear many rebellions. And the atmosphere is becoming unsafe again.

The Dutch built fortress to protect settlements. The fortress is located on the west side of the old town is in the loading and built a new fortress that protects the entire old city of Semarang. On the west wall located along the MPU Tantular (formerly "Wester-wal-Straat") and Kali Semarang. North side wall located along the road Merak (formerly "Norder-wal-Straat"). Located on the eastern wall of the Paradise ("Ooster-wal-Straat") and the wall located on the south side of the road Kepodang, formerly named "Zuider-wal-Straat". The fort has three gates in the West, East and South. West gate named "de Wester Poort" or "de Gouvernementspoort", as it is located close to the VOC administration area. South gate named "de Zuider Poort" and the east gate named "de Oost Poort".

Life in the fort well developed. Start popping up a lot of new buildings. Dutch colonial government to build a new Christian church called the church "Emmanuel" which is now known as the "Church Blenduk". In the north fort built military command centers to ensure defense and security in the fort.

In the year 1824, the castle gates and watchtowers have started down. The Dutch and other Europeans began to occupy settlements around the Bojong (now Jalan Pemuda). In this era of the old city of Semarang has grown into a small city complete. At the time of governor general Daendels (1808-1811), built the post (Postweg) between Anyer and Panarukan. Street "de Heerenstraat" (now the Let. Gen.. Suprapto) become part of the way to the post (van Lier, HPJ 1928).

Many of the buildings in repair. Emmanuel Christian Church (Church Blenduk) architecture reinessance renovated in 1894. In 1924, a quarter century after the end of the VOC, the Dutch settlements began to evolve into the Bojong (Jl. Pemuda), to the west (road Daendels) and along the way Mataram. Towards the 20th century old town is growing rapidly and many built trade offices, banks, insurance offices, notaries, hotels, and shops. On the East side Belenduk church, built an open field used for military parades or music performances in the afternoon.

After Indonesian independence, the Indonesian government took over the Dutch trading businesses, offices and other buildings. Because of the lack of progress in the management of trade and economy in the old city area, then many new owners of this ancient building that left the building and left empty unkempt. Semarang old city is no longer regarded as the center of the city, the economic center and the center of activity, but shifted elsewhere. Thus gradually the city became dead and only a few buildings that are still functioning. In the evening there was no activity at all in this town, so it really is a ghost town at night. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: July 19, 2015 at 17:51

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Old Train Station in Indonesia.

Rail transport has existed since the colonial era. Dutch even the one who created this public transport. Proven many stations in Indonesia that has been established hundreds of years ago even before Indonesia declared its independence.

Railway stations of the oldest in Indonesia are :

Station Semarang Warehouse / Tambaksari (1864)

The oldest stations in Indonesia are Station Semarang Warehouse / Tambaksari which was built in 1864, precisely on June 16, 1864. The station was inaugurated by the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies at that time that Baron van de Beele Sloet.

In the operation of these stations, the Dutch government entrusted to one of the railway company in the Dutch East Indies Spoorweg Nederlandsch Indische Maatschappij (NIS).

Three years after the station was built, precisely on August 10, 1867, for the first time the train rolled out of the station.

Semarang Tawang Station (1868)

The oldest station in the next Indonesia Semarang Tawang Station. Stations with SMT is the code base station in Tanjung Mas, North Semarang, Semarang. Oh yes, the station serves only trains executives and business class alone, the economic train does not stop at this station.

Semarang Tawang Station is the second oldest railway station after station Semarang Warehouse which was inaugurated on July 19, 1868 for the train line from Semarang Tawang to Responsibility.

The path then be extended to the Solo Racing stations and extended again to Lempuyangan in Yogyakarta in 1873.

Lempuyangan Station (1872)

The oldest station in Indonesia the third is Lempuyangan in Yogyakarta. Station LPN are coded stations within 1 km to the east of Station Yogyakarta, the main station in the city's warm.

That station was established on March 2, 1872 This is a station that serves the dismissal of all economy-class train passing through Yogyakarta. Lempuyangan together with the rail that extends from west to east is the border of the two districts, namely District Danurejan Gondokusuman in the north and the south.

Ambarawa Station (1873)

The oldest station in Indonesia next Ambarawa Station which was built in 1873. The railway station is no longer in operation and is now converted into a museum named Ambarawa Railway Museum.

Ambarawa Railway Museum is located in Central Java and has a complete collection of various trains that had triumphed in his day. One collection is a steam train with locomotive number B 2502 and B 2503 Esslingen Maschinenfabriek production.

The steam train still works fine until now and can be used as train travel. Serrated train is also very unique and is one of three train units remaining in the world. The other two in Switzerland and India. Extraordinary!

In addition to the collection of steam trains earlier, Ambarawa Railway Museum also has other collections, including various types of steam locomotives series B, C, D to the type CC most of which can be found easily in the museum courtyard.

Kedungjati Station (1873)

Kedungjati station (KEJ) is the oldest station in Indonesia next. The station is located in Kedungjati, Grobogan, Central Java with a height of +36 m. Stations that are in the Area of ​​Operations (DAOP) 4 Semarang was unveiled on May 21, 1873.

This station architecture resembles the architecture of the station initially Willem I in Ambarawa are no longer in operation, but in 1907 the station was renovated. Kedungjati stations were originally built of wood is converted into plastered brick walls with steel platform and a roof constructed of zinc as high as 14.65 cm.

Station Solo Balapan (1873)

Solo Balapan station is a base station in Kestalan and mill, Surakarta. The station was established by the railway company Indies, Nederlandsch Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS) in the 19th century, precisely in 1873.

Stations with SLO code and an altitude +93 m above sea level connects the city of Bandung, Jakarta, Surabaya and Semarang.

Purwosari Station (1875)

The oldest railway station in Indonesia last Purwosari Station. The station is located at Jl. Slamet Riyadi No. 502 Purwosari, Surakarta. Stations with PWS code and an altitude +98 m asl operates on Regional Operations (DAOP) 6 Yogyakarta.

Purwosari station was built in 1875, and is the oldest station in Surakarta. Its construction is handled by NIS (Nederlandsch Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij). Purwosari station located in the area of ​​Mangkunegaran.

Some of these stations are still in operation today and is still well maintained. Although these old stations have been renovated several times, but still they've stood firm even since hundreds of years ago. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: July 19, 2015 at 16:46

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Did you know Candi.

The temple is the Indonesian term that refers to a religious building of worship places of archaeological heritage originating from Hindu-Buddhist civilization. The building is used as a place of worship of gods or Buddha glorify. However, the term 'temple' is not only used by people to describe a place of worship, many archaeological sites of non-religious from the Hindu-Buddhist classic Indonesia, both as a palace (Kraton), bath (water), gate, etc. , also referred to as temples.
The temple is a replica of the building where the actual abode of the gods, namely Mount Mahameru. Therefore, the art of architecture decorated with various carvings and sculptures in the form of decorative patterns that are tailored to the nature of Mount Mahameru. Temples and messages conveyed through architecture, reliefs, and statues statue was never separated from the element of spirituality, creativity, and skill of the maker.
Some temples such as Borobudur and Prambanan was built so magnificent, detailed, rich in fancy ornate, tasteful aesthetic sublime, using advanced technology architecture of his time. These buildings until now the evidence of how high culture and civilization of the ancestors of Indonesia.

Terminology.

Interpretation that developed abroad, especially among speakers of English and other foreign languages ​​are; the term refers only to the building of the temple relics of the Hindu-Buddhist era in the archipelago, namely in Indonesia and Malaysia alone (example: Bujang Valley in Kedah). Similarly, the term wat associated with temples in Cambodia and Thailand. However, from the standpoint of Indonesian, the term 'temple' also refers to all the Hindu-Buddhist historical buildings around the world; not only in the archipelago, but also Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, India, and Nepal; such as the temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia and the temples of Khajuraho in India. The term of the temple also sounds similar to the term chedi in Thai language meaning 'stupa'.Istilah "temple" probably derived from the word "Candika" meaning the name of one embodiment of Goddess Durga as the goddess of death. Therefore, the temple is always associated with the monument place of worship to honor the king's posthumous (deceased) example Kidal temple to honor the King Anusapati.

The temple in Indonesia.

Borobudur is the largest Buddhist monument in the world.
In Indonesia, the temple can be found on the island of Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo, but the temple is most prevalent in the region of Central Java and East Java. Most Indonesian people aware of the temples in Indonesia are famous such as Borobudur, Prambanan, and Mendut.
At an era in the history of Indonesia, which is within the 8th century to the 10th was recorded as the most productive period in the construction of the temple. In the period of the kingdom of Mataram Medang temples large and small meet and Kewu Plain Kedu plain in Central Java and Yogyakarta. Only a fairly prosperous civilization and clothing needs are met and their food alone is capable of creating architectural copyrighted works of high artistic value like this. Some are patterned Hindu temple in Indonesia is Prambanan, Jajaghu Temple (Candi Jago), Gedongsongo temple, Dieng Temple, Temple Panataran, Wind Temple, Temple Selogrio, Pringapus Temple, Temple Singhasari, and Candi Kidal. Buddhist temples patterned include Borobudur and Sewu. Prambanan temples in Central Java is one of the Hindu Shiva temple of the most beautiful. The temple was founded in the 9th century AD during the Ancient Mataram Kingdom.

The name of the temple.

Most temples are found in Indonesia is not known his real name. Arkeologiadalah's agreement named the temple was based on the name of the village where the discovery of the temple. The temples were already known to the public since the first, sometimes also accompanied by a legend associated with it. Coupled with the findings of inscription or may be called in the ancient sources believed to refer to the temple. As a result, the name of the temple can vary, for example Prambanan temple, temple Jonggrang Rara, and temple Siwagrha refer to the same temple complex. Prambanan is the name of the village where the temple stood. Rara Jonggrang is a local folk legend associated temples. While Siwagrha (Sanskrit: "the home of Shiva") is the name of the sacred building dedicated to Shiva called the Tablets Siwagrha and refer to the same temple.

A small portion of the temples which can be seen the possibility its original name :

Types and Functions.
Type based on religion.

Based on the religious background, the temple can be divided into Hindu temple, a Buddhist temple, Shiva-Buddhist syncretic blend, or buildings that are not clear their religious nature and probably not the religious buildings.
Hindu temple, the temple to honor the Hindu gods like Shiva or Vishnu, for example: Prambanan temple, temple Gebang, group Dieng temple, temple Gedong Songo, Panataran temple, and the temple Cangkuang.
Buddhist temple, the temple which serves for breeding purposes Buddha or the Sangha monks, examples of Borobudur temple, the temple Sewu, Kalasan, Sari temple, temple Plaosan, Banyunibo temple, temple Sumberawan, Jabung temple, temple group Muaro, Barelang temple, and the temple Biaro Bahal.
Siwa-Buddha temple, Shiva temple and Buddhist syncretic blend, for example: Jawi temple.
Candi non-religious, secular temple or obscure nature or its religious purposes, for example: Ratu Boko temple, Temple of the Wind, Queen Bajang gate, the temple Rat, temples Wringin Lawang.

Types based on hierarchy and sizes.

From the size, complexity and grandeur of the temple is divided into several hierarchy, from the most important temples are usually very grand, until the temple is simple. Level scale of importance or designation, the temple is divided into:
Kingdom temple, the temple used by all citizens of the kingdom, the place held its important religious ceremonies kingdom. Royal temples usually built luxurious, large, and spacious. Example: Borobudur, Prambanan, Sewu, and Temple Panataran.
Temple Wanua or Character, the temple used by the local community or a particular village in a kingdom. The temple is usually small and only a single building that is not clustered. Example: temples dating from the Majapahit, Temple Sanggrahan in Tulung, Gebang temple in Yogyakarta, and Temple Pringapus.
Personal temple, the temple used to remind a character, can be said to have a function similar to the tomb. Example: Candi Kidal (commemorating Anusapati, king Singhasari), the temple Jajaghu (commemorating Wisnuwardhana, king Singhasari), Temple Rimbi (commemorating Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi, mother Hayam Wuruk), Temple Tegowangi (commemorating Bhre Matahun), and Surawana (commemorating Bhre Wengker).

Function.

The temple can serve as :

Temple Worship : 

The most common Hindu temple, built to worship the gods, goddesses, or certain bodhisattvas, for example: Prambanan temple, temple Canggal, Sambisari temple, and the Ijo temple that holds the phallus and primarily dedicated to Shiva, Kalasan temple built to honor the goddess Tara , whereas Sewu temple to worship Manjushri.

Stupa Temple: 

Established as a symbol of the Buddhist relics of Buddha or store, or a means of Buddhist pilgrimage. Traditionally the stupa used to store Buddhist relics such as ashes, skeletons, pieces of nails, hair, or teeth believed to belong to the Buddha, or a prominent Buddhist monk or Buddhist royal family. Several other stupa was built as a means of pilgrimage and ritual, for example: Borobudur temple, temple Sumberawan, and Barelang temple

Warning temple:

Together with the category of personal temple, which temple built to honor the spirits of the king or important figures who have died. The temple is sometimes serves as the temple worship as well as the spirits of the dead kings are often considered together with god embodiment, for example: a temple Hemisphere Airlangga made temples, statues manifestations are as Vishnu riding Garuda. Simping temple in Blitar, where Raden Wijaya didharmakan as a god Harihara.

Temple Hermitage:

Founded on the slopes of the mountain where imprisoned, for example: temples on the slopes of Mount STEPS, group Dieng temple and Gedong Songo temple, and the temple Liyangan on the eastern slope of Mount Sundoro, allegedly in addition to functioning as a cult, is also a site at the same time hermitage settlements.

Vihara temple:

Built for the monks or priests lived and meditated, as this temple has a function as a residential or boarding, for example: Sari temple and Plaosan

Temple Gate:

Established as a gate or entrance, for example: in the complex gate Ratu Boko, Bajang Queen, Wringin Lawang, and the temple Plumbangan.

Temple Watering:

Established near water sources or in the middle of the pool and its function as a bath, for example: Baths Hemisphere, Jalatunda, and the temple Rat
Some ancient buildings, such as shelf-shelf multi-storey pavilion foundation, walls and gates, and other buildings that actually is not a temple, often mistakenly referred to as a temple. Buildings like this are found in sites Trowulan, or pavilion in complex Ratu Boko is not a religious building.

Architecture.

Construction of the temple is based on several provisions contained in a book Vastusastra or Silpasastra done by silpin that artists who make the temple (architect of the ancient times). One part of the book is Manasara Vastusastra originating from South India, which not only contains guidelines for making the temple and all its components, but also profane architecture, form cities, villages, forts, temples placement in complex cities and villages.

Location.

These books also provide guidance on the selection of the location where the temple will be built. This is related to the financing of the temple, because it is usually for the maintenance of the temple land was determined sima, namely land that is income tax-free autonomous rice harvest destined for the construction and maintenance of the temple. Several inscriptions mention the relationship between the sacred buildings to the ground this sima. Besides the construction of the layout of the temple is also often take into account the location of astronomy (astrology).
Some provisions of the books besides Manasara yet very important in Indonesia is the condition that the sacred building should be erected near the water, river water, especially near the confluence of two rivers, lakes, seas, even if there should be made an artificial pond or put a vase containing water near the entrance to the sacred building. In addition to near water, the best place to establish a temple that is at the top of the hill, on the slopes of the mountain, in the woods, or in the valley. As we know, the temples are generally set up near the river, even Borobudur temple is located near the confluence of Elo and Progo rivers. Whereas Prambanan temple is located near the river Opaque. The distribution of the temples in Central Java, widely spread in the fertile plains of Kedu and Kewu Plain.

Structure.

Most forms of the temple abode of the gods imitating the real, namely Mount Mahameru. Therefore, the art of architecture decorated with various carvings and sculptures that depict a pattern of nature Mountain Mahameru.
Ancient relics, such as the temple buildings, sculptures, inscriptions and carvings are generally indicate the nature of the Indonesian culture is covered by elements of Hindu-Buddhist. In essence, the form of temples in Indonesia is the staircase, which itself is an element punden native Indonesia.
Based on its parts, the temple consists of three essential parts, among others, legs, body, and roof.
Foot of the temple is the lower part of the temple. This section represents the world below or bhurloka. In the Buddhist concept called Kamadhatu. Which describes the world of animals, nature spirits such as demons, giants and asuras, as well as a human being who is still bound by lust low. The shape of the square which is equipped with a ladder on one side. The base of this temple as well as forming the schematics, it can be rectangular or square. Stairs entered the temple located in this section, the small temple entrance stairs only in the front, in the great temple entrance stairs are in the four directions of the compass. Usually in the left-right entrance stairs decorated with carvings makara. At the foot of the temple walls are usually decorated with flora and fauna such as tendrils of plants, or in certain temples decorated with the figure of a guard like Dwarapala. At the center of the base of the temple, just below the main room usually found in wells that contained essentially pripih (stone coffin). These wells are usually filled the rest of the sacrificial animals were cremated, then laid on top of the container. Inside the container is usually contained the ashes of the king and the relics of holy objects such as gold sheets inscribed with spells, ancient coins, gems, glass, pieces of gold, silver sheet, and shells.
The body of the temple is the center of the cube-shaped temple which is considered as the world between or bhuwarloka. In the Buddhist concept called rupadhatu. Which depicts a world where the holy man who seeks enlightenment and inner perfection. At the front there is a wicket door into the room in the temple. Wicket door is usually decorated with carvings of the temple when the head just above the center of the door and flanked makara patterns on the left and right of the door. The temple body consists of garbagriha, namely a booth (room) that the main statue in the middle, for example, statues of gods, bodhisattva, or Buddha worshiped in the temple. On the outside wall at the other three corners are usually given niches are carved reliefs or statues filled. In the great temple, niches around it expanded into a private room in addition to the main room in the middle. There is a way around the lobby to connect these spaces as well as to perform a ritual called pradakshina. In the hallway is fitted around the balustrade, and on the gallery walls of the temple and the walls are usually decorated with balustrade, both narrative (story) or decorative (decoration).
The roof is the top of the temple that has become a symbol the world over or swarloka. In the Buddhist concept called arupadhatu. Which describes the heavenly realm of the gods and the souls who have achieved perfection residing. In general, the roof of the temple consists of three tiers of increasingly on the smaller size. Meanwhile, East Java style roof consists of many levels that form the pyramid curve effects impressive illusion of perspective building look taller. At the peak of the roof crowned with a stupa, Charles, Vajra, or false phallus. At temples in East Java style, waterless or its mastaka cuboid or cylindrical dagobas. At the corners and center of the roof is usually decorated with ornaments antefiks, namely ornaments to decorate the three-part tapered angle. Most of the walls of the roof is left plain, but in the big temples, the roof of the temple there were decorated with carvings, such as the niches containing the head of the gods, god relief or bodhisattva, ornamental patterns shaped jewel or when, or tendrils garlands.

Layout.

The temple building have its own stand some groups. There are two systems in a grouping or layout of the temple complex, namely:
Concentric system, centralized cluster system; ie the position of the main temple is in the middle of the temple children (perwara). Perwara neatly lined up around the main temple. This system influenced the layout plan of the mandala from India. Examples group Prambanan and Sewu.
Sequential systems, sequential linear cluster system; namely perwara position is in front of the main temple. There are sequentially arranged symmetrically, there is asymmetric. Sequence of visitors entering the area that is considered less sacred form of gates and additional buildings, before entering the area of ​​the holiest places of the main temple stood. This system is a system of the original layout of the archipelago which glorify a high place, so that the main building or the holiest highest placed behind following the natural topography of the land where the height of the temple was built. Examples Temple Upgrading and Sukuh. This system was continued in Bali Pura layout.

Building material.

Building materials maker temple depend on the location and availability of materials and technology architecture supporting community. The temples in Central Java using andesite, whereas the temples during the Majapahit in East Java are using red brick. Similarly temples in Sumatra as Biaro Bahal, Muaro, and Muara Takus are made of red brick.

The ingredients to make the temple, among others:

Andesite stone, 

Carved volcanic stone clot forming squares interlocking. Andesite stone temple material to be distinguished from the stone. Although similar andesite stone but hard and easily broken if hewn (difficult to be formed). Andesite stone suitable for the temple is buried in the ground so as to be mined at the side of a hill.

White stone (tuff), 

Pyroclastic deposits of white stone, used in the temple complex Combustion in Boko. White stone material is also found used as fill material of the temple, where the exterior is coated andesite

Red brick, 

Printed on red clay soil dried and burned. Majapahit temples and Sumatra are using red brick.

Stucco, 

which is a kind of concrete material from the collision of stone and sand. Stucco material was found in the enshrinement Batu Jaya.

Bajralepa (vajralepa), 

namely plaster coating material temple walls a sort of yellowish white plaster to smooth and beautify as well as to protect the wall from damage. Bajralepa made of a mixture of fine volcanic sand and lime. It is said that a mixture of other materials are also used as plant sap, egg whites, and others. Bajralepa traces found in the temple Sari and Kalasan. Bajralepa coatings now have a lot of peeling.

Wood, 

some allegedly temples made of wood or have wood parts. Similar to a wooden temple Pura Bali found now. Some temples behind only a stone pedestal or shelf foundations are made of andesite stone or brick, while it is made from organic materials wood has long been destroyed. Some basic shelf in Trowulan Majapahit called the temple, although in fact the foundation of the pillared hall of wood. Sambisari and temples Kimpulan have extolled the alleged temple parent shaded wooden roof of the building. Several temples such as Candi Sari and Plaosan has wooden components because the former stone structures found holes to put wood girder supporting the upper floors, as well as a hole to insert doors and window bars.

Style architecture.

Soekmono, a leading archaeologist in Indonesia, to identify differences in architectural styles (styles) between the central Javanese temple to temple in East Java. Middle Javanese style generally is a temple dating from before the year 1000 AD, while the East Javanese style generally is derived from the temple after the year 1000 AD. The temples in Sumatra and Bali, because of its resemblance grouped into East Java style.

The roof is unity levels. Steps-small steps that are very much formed unitary smooth curved roof. This gives rise to the illusion of perspective roof so the building memorable higher
Waterless or mastaka
Stupa (Buddhist temples), Ratna Vajra, or Linga Moot (Hindu temple)
Cube (mostly Hindu temple), sometimes Dagoba tubular (Buddhist temple)
Wicket door and ornate niches
Kala-Makara style; Kala heads with gaping mouths without the lower jaw is located above the door, is connected with a double Makara on each side of the door
Just head grinning middle Kala complete with lower jaw located above the door, Makara nothing
Relief
Engraving higher and stand with stylized images naturalist
Engraving lower (thin) and less prominent, like a puppet stylized image of Bali
Leg
Clear steps, usually consisting of one leg and one leg little bigger. The transition between the legs and the body clearly formed around the body of the temple hall
More foot steps, consists of several shelf-shelf parts that make up the impressive temple foot perspective illusion that the building look taller. The transition between the legs and the body is more refined with the hall of the temple body circumference narrower

The layout and location of the main temple.

Mandala concentric, symmetrical, formal; with the main temple is located right in the middle of the courtyard of the temple complex, surrounded by temples ancillary ranks smaller in neat rows
Linear, asymmetric, follows the topography (sectional height) location; with the main temple is located in the back, farthest from the entrance, and are often located at the highest ground in the temple complex, located in front perwara main temple

Direction toward the building.

Most faced east
Mostly facing west
Building material
Most andesite
Most red brick
However there are some exceptions in this temple style grouping. For example Penataran temple, Jawi, Jago, Kidal, and temples Singhasari evident in the group of East Java style, but the building material is andesite, together with the characteristic style of the temple in Central Java; contrasted with ruins of temples Brahu Trowulan like, as well as others such as Majapahit temple temple temple Jabung and Pari were made of red brick. Prambanan temple sleek shape is similar temples in East Java, but the arrangement and shape of the roof is the Middle Javanese style. The location of the temple is also not guarantee its style groups, such as Clown temple located in Malang, East Java, but is air-style temple in Central Java that comes from an older period in the 8th century BC.
Even in a group of Middle Javanese style of its own differences and further divided between North Central Java style (eg group Dieng temple) with South Central Java (eg Sewu group). North Central Javanese temple carvings simpler, smaller building, and a group of temple less; while the South Central Java style temple carvings over the highway and luxurious, the building is magnificent, as well as more temples in the complex with a regular layout.
At the end of the Majapahit period, the architectural style of the temple is marked by the return of the original style elements archipelago Austronesian peoples, such as the return form punden. Shape of the building as is evident in the temple and temple Sukuh Cetho mountainside Lawu, besides some sacred building on the slopes of Mount Penanggungan also displays characteristics similar to pyramid building pyramid staircase Central America.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/did-you-know-candi.html
DatePublished: July 19, 2015 at 15:53

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Used menthol Ancient Egypt.

Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the most admired than ever woken by humans. Ancient Egyptian society has the experience and knowledge that extends and has now become one rather than the inheritance of primitive societies. Among the classes of Egyptian society, there are scholars who have the wisdom that comes from the Prophet Noah (as) and Prophet Ibrahim (as). This group of Jewish scholars use the science of inherited than previous prophets. One rather than science is the use of electric energy for generating lighting.

The discovery of various carvings and patterns on the surface of the walls of the Temple of Hathor at Dendera Temple Complex Egypt, dismantle an interesting secret about ancient Egyptian society. Like the tattoo image outlined below, which are at Dendera Temple Complex. The custom engraving indicate where ancient Egyptian society get lighting sources through the use of menthol and light arka.

Thorough examination of the images contained in the Temple of Hathor indicate where bervoltan conductors have high wear in use, the same as that of the present; This structure is supported by pillars shaped oblong rectangle that resembles a grain of menthol (believed to have been used as conductors and recognizable as Djed Column). This is an amazing discovery because they bentul menthol lights that we use today have similar characteristics in the time of ancient Egypt.

Walter Garn, an electrical engineer nation Austria has studied engraving found on the surface of the wall in detail, and resulted in the original conductors Djed Column, menthol and spun wiring and as a result, the model built by his work and emit light.

In a documentary channel in September 1996 by the American ABC, this lighting system has been tested previously by scientists in the presence of the camera and glory once again achieved and the light is obtained. In principle, this is just menthol and it serves through the techniques described in ancient wall paintings of Egyptian society, so as to produce light.

In the paintings contained in this Dendera Temple, visible four filament lamps (lamps that produce components in heating) which you can see on the left and a wire that is continued from a giant electric battery on the left, this merkan electric power to the lights and generates a lighting source.

Study and observation depth in the image above rajah found that the electrical cable that connects the battery to the lamp, diselaputi with tiny beads are aligned. Beads are used as conductors for electrical power drain. The picture on the right shows the one than the first arka light generated in the 19th century.

Lighting source of ancient Egyptian civilization produced through the use of menthol in use wear classic today. Various Egyptian public image that shows the use of appliances like a menthol with wiring-wiring filaments, holders and wiring electric current. In the next tattoo images, you will be able to see an individual who is reading the text display on the wall using the lights that are on hand to illuminate the surrounding area.

Figure clearly indicate where the filaments that produce electrical current in the lamp held by the Egyptian. Just like menthol that exist today, the filaments were used by the ancient Egyptians is circular. Circle filament heated by electric current will produce lighting source, the same as used in the present.

This is the first filament lamps are created by Thomas Edison and it can be seen that the lights were designed by him has the characteristics and their shape resembles the lamp held by the Egyptians as the picture shown before.

This tattoo image is one image found on the walls of a tomb in the Temple of Dendera, A length of electrical cables strung from a lamp that has three seeds menthol

This tattoo image exposing grain of batteries and wires that diipegang by an individual when electric lights were on a longer handle.

These illustrations give intimation about the lighting in the Temple of Dendera.

A Courant, lights that have been transferred out of the battery will be replaced with new lights carried by one individual by hand.

Courant B indicate where red battery electrically connected with the white light.
Courant C Similarly, an electric lamp standing on one part of a long and thin when two circles can be seen on the surface of the floor on the right and left; The possibility of a connection to the positive and negative poles.

One evidence that ancient Egyptian society is likely to have been using electric energy to produce light is not any impression of soot on the walls of tombs and pyramids of their depths. If they use torches and oil lamps for lighting, then the impression will definitely be visible soot. But there is the slightest impression left, most in fact the room was not sooty. Rather impossible coaching can be passed without any light source, even more amazing to produce a mural on the walls of the pyramid. It confirmed that the electric energy might have been used in the world of ancient Egypt.

Djed pillar (Djed Column) are often found in hieroglyphic Egyptian society may symbolize electrical devices suchlike. Djed pillar may act as a booster to emit light.

Ancient Egyptian society Arka Has Lights.
In lights arka are found to have a crook where the light appeared between two electrical conductors. If both of the different rod cas sealed between each other and spaced a few millimeters, electric currents which arise causing the light emitted. Arka lamp 200 times stronger compared to the classic menthol and emits a powerful light and bright. The force caused, menthol-menthol of this type used in the studio, light therapy, and cinematographic projector lamps

One of the first models produced arka lights around the 19th century

Rajah picture above shows two metallic materials bercas held by two individuals at the right hand and left that charge electrically from the metal producing light rehabilitated and reconstructed by the flow of electric current dantara these two metallic materials.

Coaching was originally on the left shows how to use arka lamp in the Temple of Dendera. On the right side is a crook too light terhasil than two carbon rods that have cas electrically contrary.

Grain menthol which functions on the principle of arka lamp can produce high power lighting in modern projectors as well as that has been used by the ancient Egyptian society.

Rajah picture shows one of the lights is done arka than two carbon rods arranged opposed the battery to be charged from a grain wagon. Lights held by the ancient Egyptians also resemble a small torch light with battery itself below.

Contrary to the claims of evolutionists, human history is filled with the realization that the ancient peoples have the technology and civilization is far greater than is suspected. One than this evidence is electrically science of ancient Egyptian society. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/used-menthol-ancient-egypt.html
DatePublished: July 18, 2015 at 15:45

Tags : Used menthol Ancient Egypt.

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Egyptian pyramids.

The views and opinions that the civilization developed than the primitive stage to a more advanced rank is a fraud created by evolutionists try in history.
Should someone probing and examining the opinion of the evolutionists, and reviewing referral sources and historical discovery, surely you will find there are many ancient civilizations that use more advanced and sophisticated technology.

The remains of the ancient Egyptian civilization than that Mayan and Sumerian civilizations, shows that there are various branches of science such as electrical, electrochemical, electromagnetic, assess metals, hydrogeology, of medicine, chemistry and physics have been used so as to stage a more widespread.
Electrically there and used extensively in ancient Egyptian times. Baghdad batteries and light first arka has been in use disposable at that time. But is there any electrical procurement is limited to such an application at that time?
Investigation and in-depth review of the history of ancient Egyptian civilization shows sophistication and ingenuity of ancient civilization in applying the lighting source. For example, there is no fracture or room lighting encountered in the corridors of the pyramid and the tombs of the king because of the area illuminated by using electric power. Bas-relief also showed that ancient Egyptian society have used the torch was lit by a lamp power source without reasonable.
Arka lamp used in the Alexandria Lighthouse is solid evidence, that the electric had been used during ancient Egyptian times. The power needed to illuminate the Lighthouse of Alexandria for 24 hours a day can only be procured by an electrical source systematic.

An Egyptian pyramid Loji Giant That Has Power Source Electric.

1. Plate outside the Great Pyramid of Giza covered with white limestone tufa, designed shape with high density phase so that a razor can not even fissure between the rocks. This white tufa limestone contains no magnesium and high-conductor properties. These characteristics stymie electrically inside the pyramid rather than being released without escort.

2. Block the rock used in the pyramid Courant done rather than a type of limestone that contains crystals, serves as a high electrical diverter and a small amount of metal used to justify the transfer of power to the maximum. Space passageways inside the pyramid is also lined with granite. Granite is a mildly radioactive substance which justify the ionization of air in these spaces.
If you notice electrical wires in the blanket with conductors materials, we find that the material used diverter and conductors have equal characteristics as in a pyramid formation.

3. Characteristics diverter and existing conductors on the pyramid is a perfect example of technical engineer. However, the source of energy is required for making electric energy.
Giza Plateau is one of the distinctive pyramid designed with filled underground drainage system. This pyramid formation using typical rock layers are intended as an intermediary tool electric energy to a portion on during the process of moving underground water to the surface, this process is known as the "aquifer". The rapids of the Nile through the aquifer produces electric energy. This technique is recognized as a physio-electric.
Basement granite pyramid that serves as a conductor fostered in the rocks and to be charged for using physio-electrical engineering. This electrical current then flows directly into the top of the underground chambers filled with granite. Granite is an excellent electrical diverter.
Electromagnetic fields formed in the bottom portion of the pyramid is channeled to the upper layers of the pyramid in the form of centering. At the peak of the pyramid, there is a gold cap is a very good electrical diverter. This portion is no longer in the present form. This means the top portion of the pyramid have lost a perfect geometric structure. This gold cap helps drainage negative ions to ionosfera. In this way, the electric current was successful.

How pyramid moves forward electromagnetic field underground aquifers assistance?

Carved reliefs clearly show that Egyptians used a torch light mentholated united with the electrical source without reasonable. -Menthol menthol is reminiscent of the lighting Nicola Tesla to show that electric current is diciptanya survived.
The Feast of World Chicago in 1893, Tesla electric currents move through the body to turn on menthol in his hands without using electrical cables.
Carved reliefs shows the antenna without wiring. Ancient Egyptian society has been using the antenna and power without wires for communication without any wiring.
Carvings in the left portion shows a transmitter, and a receiver on the right. This evidence indicate where the Egyptian people have used force without wiring in vain for communication purposes.
Carved reliefs shows the ease that can produce woven. The yarns are used by the people of Egypt to make the plant at that time was as smooth as clothing produced by the engine manufacture today. Electrical power is also used in their woven refineries.
There are many objects of gold remains an ancient Egyptian real gold coated with a very refined technique. Gold adaptations as perfect as it is, requires the use of electrically.
The size of the overall electromagnetic created around the Great Pyramid of Giza is the same as that created during the enactment of noisy thunder with lightning. There is a strong electromagnetic field around the Great Pyramid of Giza. It can be noticed through a simple experiment. If someone standing on a pyramid with holding bottle wrapped in a damp cloth, spark fire splashed out of the bottle, as if he was on the air spindle high Voltan.

Pyramids Not Used As Tomb.

Always depicted as a pyramid tombs of the pharaohs. But in essence, there is no such inscriptions recorded in the corridor Pyramids of Giza. This proves that the pyramid is a building that serves, rather than tombs.
A big empty stone coffin has been found in the central axis portion of the pyramid, the region named as the king of the Council by archaeologists. They claim that these crates previously put the coffin pharaoh, but now empty because had been stolen. However, research to over dimension stone coffin and reveal its location more interesting things. There lost pyramids conductive structures, and their overall shape is supporting it with respect. If one superconductive material installed here, the pyramid able to issue electrically enough for the whole of Egypt. This superconducting believed the Ark of the Covenant, which is known to have been in Egypt in ancient times, and dimensions are very consistent with the size of the empty stone coffin.
Prophet Musa (as) has been received by Pharaoh and based on historical records, the king appointed as administrators because moral values, high intelligence and efforts. One phase in the exercise of leadership in ancient Egypt are teaching all the secrets of Egypt and the science of energy. In addition to their other capabilities, there are also various references to the Ark of the Covenant which acts as a capacitor, and that it was the source of Egyptian power. Prophet Musa (as) is believed to have brought the Ark of the Covenant with him when he left Egypt. According to historical records, one of the reasons the Pharaoh chasing Moses (as) so that to the last moment, and trying to capture the king at any price though, is the Ark of the Covenant because Pharaoh highly advised that all the glory and majesty of Egypt will become extinct without electric.
Historical references also indicate where the Egyptian civilization reached its top during the reign of Ramses II, who was a contemporary of the Prophet Musa (as). But civilization collapsed in the entire period of less than 10 years after Pentadbiran Ramses II, sehinggakan Giza continued to be ignored. Giza city which was once a center of world civilization eternal quiet up until another dynasty settle there.

Is there an ancient Egyptian society is the only group that uses electrical technology without reasonable?

Bas-relief left by the Maya people and Assyria also describes a technique similar to what is used in the pyramid.
All this intimation once again proves that there is no person and primitive societies in the past, as played by a group of evolutionists try. In terms of organization, people are more or less advanced have been living side by side in the history of all time. A society that form thousands of years ago have enjoyed a much more advanced technology compared with those living in the 20th century. And this indicates to us that development is not a part of the evolutionary process, or in terms of other words, there is no linear progression from primitive civilization stage to the more advanced in history.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/egyptian-pyramids.html
DatePublished: July 18, 2015 at 14:45

Tags : Egyptian pyramids.

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Pyramid of Pharaoh.

Since a long time scientists have been puzzled how a pyramid built. This is because the technology lifting large rocks that can reach thousands of kilograms to the tops of the buildings have not been found in his day. What is the secret behind the construction of this pyramid?

In the issue dated December 1, 2006, American Times newspaper publishes scientific news to confirm that Pharaoh uses clay to build the pyramids! According to the study mentioned that the stone used to make clay pyramid is heated to form a hard rock that is difficult to distinguish from the original stone.

Scientists say that Pharaoh proficient in chemistry in managing clay to become stone. And the technique becomes very secret when viewed from the codification numbers in the rock they leave behind.

Professor Gilles Hug, and Professor Michel Barsoum confirms that most large pyramids in Giza, made of two types of stone: natural stone and stones are created manually alias processed clay.

And in a study published by the magazine "Journal of the American Ceramic Society" confirms that the Pharaohs used to build the type of soil slurry high monuments, including pyramids. Since it is impossible for a person to lift heavy stones thousands of kilograms. As for the essence, Pharaoh using natural stone.

Pyramids, and the mud that has been processed according to the desired size burnt to put in place the most high.

The mud is a mixture of lime sludge in the furnace is heated with steam and salt water managed to make the water vapor to form a mixture of clay. Then processed it poured in the space provided on the walls of the pyramid.

Professor Davidovits has taken the biggest pyramid stones to do the analysis using an electron microscope on the rock and found traces of a rapid reaction which confirms that the stones are made of mud. During this time, without the use of electron microscopy, geologists have not been able to distinguish between natural stone and artificial stone.

With a method of making a big stone in this way, the professor takes up to ten days is similar to the original stone.

Earlier, a Belgian scientist, Guy Demortier, has spent years searching for the answer of the secrets behind the making of a large rock at the tops of the pyramids. He also said, "After many years of research and study, now I just believe that the pyramid located in Egypt made using clay."

So far, scientists have only fictitious answers about how to build a pyramid of Pharaoh. How to lift the large stones that amounted to 2.8 million stone. At that time, they stated that the fictitious ancient Egyptians had the ability to lift millions of stone that weighs about five or six thousand kilograms!

Discovery by French Professor Joseph Davidovits about stones pyramid made from processed sludge turns it takes about twenty years.

An extensive research on Bosnia pyramid, "Pyramid of the Sun" and explained that the stones are made of clay! This confirms that this method is widespread in the past. (Image of a stone pyramid).

A picture used in casting stones sun streamed ancient pyramids in Bosnia, and scientific truth to say that it is very clear that certain methods of casting stones come from clay has been known since thousands of years ago in different civilizations either Romania or Pharaoh!

Qur'an Turns More Used Got Answers.

If understood more deeply, it has been revealed this Qur'an of some verses that God has said. Among others:

وقال فرعون يا أيها الملأ ما علمت لكم من إله غيري فأوقد لي يا هامان على الطين فاجعل لي صرحا لعلي أطلع إلى إله موسى وإني لأظنه من الكاذبين

"And Pharaoh said: 'O my people! Enlarger, I do not know the other god but me. Then burn O Haman me over the clay and build me a High building so that I can climb up to the God of Moses, and the truth I really believe that He included people liars. "(Al-Qasas: 38)

This verse shows the secrets of construction technology used for high building a monument as mentioned "build me a building High". This technique is based on the mud and hot as in the verse: "O Haman Then bake clay for me!"

Subhanallah! There is evidence to suggest that the giant statues and pillars were found in Romania and the other civilizations also built of clay! It can be said: that the miracle of the Qur'an shows how to construct buildings of clay and it is not known on the day of the Qur'an until modern times.

Who told the Prophet about this news?

Koran is the first book that reveals the secrets of building the pyramids, not the American and French scientists. The question is:

We know that the Prophet did not go to Egypt and never see the pyramids, probably never even heard of him. The story of Pharaoh, occurred before the Prophet thousands of years ago, and none on the earth at that time knew about the secrets of the pyramids. Prior to this, scientists are not sure that Pharaoh uses clay and heat to build high monument except in recent years.

How the Prophet before 1400 years ago tells us that Pharaoh uses clay and heat to build the monument ...

This verse is very clear and strong proven that the Prophet Muhammad was not carrying anything from him but God who created the Pharaoh and drowned, and he is also the rescue of Moses ... And He also told the Prophet that his would be the nature of this science, and this verse became his prophetic witness to the truth in this modern era. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/pyramid-of-pharaoh.html
DatePublished: July 18, 2015 at 12:31

Tags : Pyramid of Pharaoh.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW