Background.
In November 1949, the Dutch military secret service received a report, that Westerling has established a secret organization which has about 500,000 followers. Reports received by the Dutch police inspector JM Verburgh on December 8, 1949 states that the name of the organization formed by Westerling is the "Queen of Justice Association of Indonesia" (NEAT) and have an armed unit called the Legion of Ratu Adil (APRA). Most followers is a former member of the Colonial Army and the desertion of the special forces KST / RST. He also got help from his Chinese people, Chia Piet Kay, who had known since being in the city of Medan.On December 5, the night, around 20:00 Westerling called Lt. Gen. Buurman van Vreeden, Supreme Commander of the Dutch Army, Lieutenant General Spoor replacement. Westerling asking how van Vreeden opinion, if after the transfer of sovereignty Westerling planning a coup against Sukarno and his clique. Van Vreeden indeed have heard a variety of news, among others, there is a military group that would disrupt the transfer of sovereignty. Also he had heard about the group Westerling.
General van Vreeden, as to be responsible for the smooth running of "sovereignty" on December 27, 1949, Westerling warned not to take these actions, but van Vreeden not immediately ordered the arrest Westerling.
Letters ultimatum.
On Thursday, January 5, 1950, sent a letter to the government Westerling RIS that it is an ultimatum. He demanded that the Government RIS appreciate states, especially Sundanese State and Government RIS must admit APRA as Sundanese army. RIS Government should give a positive answer preformance within 7 days and if it is rejected, then there will be a big war.Westerling ultimatum is certainly cause anxiety not only among the RIS, but also in the Netherlands and dr. H.M. Hirschfeld (German-born), Nederlandse Hoge Commissaris (High Commissioner Netherlands) newly arrived in Indonesia. Cabinet RIS Hirschfeld plied with questions which made it very uncomfortable. Dutch Interior Minister, Stikker Hirschfeld instructed to follow all the Dutch military and civilian officials who cooperate with Westerling.
On January 10, 1950, Hatta delivered to Hirschfeld, that the Indonesia has issued arrest warrants for Westerling. Before that, when A.H.J. Lovink still served as Deputy High Crown of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, he has been advised to wear the article Hatta exorbitante rechten against Westerling. When it Westerling visiting Sultan Hamid II at the Hotel Des Indes, Jakarta. Previously, they had met in December 1949. Westerling explain its purpose, and asked Hamid became the leader of their movement. Hamid wanted to know in detail about such Westerling organization. But he did not get a satisfactory answer from Westerling. The meeting that day did not produce any results. Once it was clear the next meeting between Westerling with Hamid. In his autobiography, Memoires, published in 1952, Westerling writing, that the Shadow Cabinet was formed under the leadership of Sultan Hamid II of Pontianak, therefore he had to keep it a secret.
Mid-January 1950, the Provincial Minister of UNI and Overseas Affairs, Mr. J.H. van Maarseven visited Indonesia to prepare the Dutch-Indonesian Union meeting to be held in March 1950. Hatta delivered to Maarseven, that he had ordered the police to arrest Westerling.
When visiting the Netherlands, the Minister of Economy RIS Juanda on January 20, 1950 submit to the Minister Gotzen, that elite forces RST is seen as a risk factor, immediately evacuated from Indonesia. Before that, an army unit RST has been evacuated to Ambon and arrived in Ambon January 17, 1950. On January 21 Hirschfeld convey to Gotzen that General Buurman van Vreeden and Dutch Defence Minister Schokking has devised a plan for the evacuation of troops RST.
Desertion.
On January 22 at 21.00 he had received reports that a number of members of the RST troops with heavy weapons had to have deserted and left the military barracks in Batujajar.Major KNIL G.H. Christian and Captain KNIL J.H.W. Nix reported that the company "Erik" which was in the evening Kampemenstraat will also have deserted and joined the APRA to take part in the coup, but can be thwarted by his own commander, Captain GHO de Witt. Engels great sounding the alarm immediately. He contacted Lt. Col. TNI Sadikin, Siliwangi Division Commander. Engels also reported this incident to the General Buurman van Vreeden in Jakarta.
Between 8:00 and 9:00 he accepted the arrival commander Lt. Col. Borghouts RST, which was traumatized by deserting his troops. 9:00 Engels received the visit of Lieutenant Colonel. Sadikin. When done apple RST forces in Batujajar during the day, turned out 140 people who were not present. From camp in Purabaya reported that 190 soldiers had been desertion, and of SOP in Cimahi reported that 12 soldiers from Ambon has desertion.
Coup D'Etat.
However, efforts to evacuate Regiment Speciale Troepen (RST), the combined red and green beret beret was too late to do. From several former subordinates, Westerling heard about the plan, and prior deportations RST troops to the Netherlands began, on January 23, 1950, Westerling launched his coup. Dawn 4:30, KNIL Lieutenant Colonel T. Cassa called General Engels and reported: "The APRA powerful forces moving through the Great Post Road to Bandung."Westerling and his men shot dead every member of the military that they found on the street. 94 members of the military killed in the massacre, including Lieutenant Colonel Lembong, while at the APRA party, no one victim.
While Westerling led the attack in London, a number of members of the RST forces led by Sergeant Meijer to Jakarta with a view to arrest President Sukarno and occupied government buildings. But support from other KNIL troops and the Army of Islam Indonesia (TII) is expected Westerling does not appear, so the attack failed to Jakarta.
Once satisfied to massacre in Bandung, all RST troops and units that support back to the barracks respectively. Westerling himself went to Jakarta, and on January 24, 1950 to meet again with the Sultan Hamid II at the Hotel Des Indes. Hamid, who was accompanied by his secretary, dr. J. Kiers, launched a scathing criticism against Westerling for failure and blame Westerling has made a big mistake in Bandung. There was no debate, and a moment later Westerling left the hotel.
Then came the news that Westerling planned to repeat his actions. On January 25, Hatta delivered to Hirschfeld, that Westerling, supported by the RST and Darul Islam will invade Jakarta. Engels also received reports that Westerling consolidate his followers in Garut, one of the bases of the Darul Islam that time.
Military action launched by the joint Westerling APRA which is comprised of the elite troops of the Dutch army, became a major news media around the world. Hugh Laming, Reuters correspondent who first launched on January 23, 1950 with the sensational news. Osmar White, Australian journalist from Melbourne Sun preach on the front page: "A crisis with the international scale has struck Southeast Asia." Dutch ambassador in the United States, Van Kleffens reported that in the eyes of Americans, Dutch falsely once again been suckered Indonesia, and the attacks in London conducted by "de Zwarte hand van Nederland" (black hand of the Netherlands).
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: April 2, 2015 at 12:32
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