Did you know Grasshopper Wood.

Plant Organisms bully is a limiting factor in crop production Indonesia both food crops, horticulture and plantation. Plant pests broadly divided into three namely pests, diseases and weeds. Pests cause interference physical plant, can be caused by insects, mites, vertebrates, molluscs. While the cause of disease in the crop physiological disorder, caused by fungi, bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses, viroids, nematodes and higher plants.

In this lab we will discuss in more detail in particular insect pests for the classification of wood Grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis). Grasshoppers are herbivorous insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. These insects have antennae that are almost always shorter than the body and also has a short ovipositor. Sound caused some species of grasshoppers are usually produced by rubbing the hind femur to the front wing or the abdomen (called Stridulation), or because their flapping wings while flying. Hind femur length and strong generally suitable for jumping. These insects are generally winged, although wings sometimes can not be used to fly. Female grasshoppers are generally larger than the male grasshopper. In Islam, Grasshopper is one of the two animals that had previously died when still permitted to be eaten, along with fish.

Discussion.

Locust wood (Valanga nigricornis) has the following classification:

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Family: Acridoidea
Genus: Valanga
Specific name: nigricornis -
Scientific name: - Valanga nigricornis.

External anatomy of insects although basically the same for all types of insects, but it varies according to the type and in a kind of insects according to the stage of development.
Insects have called the integument of the body wall. This integument act as outer frame (eksoskleleton).

Anatomy Integumentary Affairs.

Integument consists of three main layers, namely:
a. Base layer (basement membrane) with a thickness of approximately
b. Epidermis or hypodermis which has a thickness of one cell.
c. Thick cuticle layer of approximately 1m.
The cuticle is composed of dead cells formed by living cells underneath that epikutikula, and consists of prokutikula and epikutikula. Prokutikula consists of layers thicker than epikutikula.

• Prokutikula consists of layers endokutikula and eksokutikula.
• Epikutikula a thin layer usually consists of:
a. Layer in the layer called kutikulin (lipoproteins).
b. The outer layer is called waxy coating impermeable.

• hardened part of the cuticle mainly contained in eksokutikula layer, caused by sklerotin as a result of the hardening process called sklerotisasi.
• The cuticle is relatively permeable, and if the situation is thin, it can be traversed by water and gas.

In cuticle often encountered:

- Sulcus, the grooves on the outer cuticle
- Suture, which is the line of union between two separate sclerites
- Apodema or apofisis, the protrusion of the inner cuticle
Broadly speaking, the insect body parts consisting of head, thorax, and abdomen.

Morphology Head.

Head of the front part of the body of the insect and serves for food collection and manipulation, receiver stimuli and brain (neural fusion). The structure of the head skeleton experiencing sklerotisasi called sclerites. Sclerites-sclerites separated from each other by a suture which appears as a groove
The cuticle on the head of the protrusion inward, forming the framework of the head inside, called the tentorium.

There are three types of heads based on the position of the mouth, namely:

1. Prognatous (facing forward), example: Sithopillus oryzae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
2. Hypognatous (face down), for example: Valanga nigricornis (Orthoptera, Acrididae)
3. Ophistognatous (down and back), example: Leptocorisa acuta (Hemiptera, Alydidae)
On the head there are two organ recipients excitatory apparent that the single currency and the antenna. The eyes are of two types: single and compound eyes.

Antenna.

A pair of antennas are located in one segment of the head above the mouth that can be moved about. The antenna is an important tool that serves as a means of taste and olfactory. The first segment is called skapus antenna attached to the head. The second segment is called pedicel and subsequent sections collectively Flagellum. The shape and size of the insect antenna is very diverse.

Based on the shape of insect antenna can be divided into 14 types, namely:

1. filiform: resembles mine, each of the segments that make up the antenna size is the same, ie antennas on Valanga sp. (Orthoptera).
2. Moniliform: like beads, segments of the antenna of the same size and are round, for example Rhysodidae.
3. Setaseous: as stiff hairs (Seta), getting to the end sections maakin slender antenna, for example Isoptera.
4. Clavate: like moniliform but somewhat enlarged gets its end, for example Coccinellidae.
5. Capitate: like clavate but the magnification of the last sections suddenly enlarged, for example Nitidulidae.
6. Serate: each segment is shaped like a tooth, for example Elateridae.
7. geniculate: The first segment length followed by a smaller segments that form an angle with the first segment, for example Formicidae.
8. Pectinate: each segment extends to the side like a comb, for example Pyrochoroidae.
9. Bipectinate: each segment has a pair of hair.
10. Stylate: the last segment of a pointed and rather long, for example Asilidae.
11. Aristate: as if from out again antenna antenna segments, for example Muscidae.
12. Plumose: each segment and a long bushy hair, for example, male mosquitoes.
13. Lamellate: most tip segment enlarged and became a slab, for example Scarabaidae.
14. Flabellate: all segments after pedicel shaped like a plate, for example Rhipiceridae

Oral appliance.

In general, insect mouth tools consist of:
1. Labrum (upper lip)
2. A pair mandibel (first molar)
3. A pair of maxillary (second molars)
4. labium (lower lip)
5. Epifaring (tongue)
Insect mouth parts can be classified into two general types, mandibulata (mastication) and haustelata (suction).
• Type of mouth masticatory apparatus, namely transversely mandibel move from side to side, and the insects are usually able to bite and chew food.
• Type the suction mouth has sections with an elongated shape like proboscis or beak and through the tool liquid food sucked. Mandibel on the suction mouth may be elongated and shaped stylet or no.

Some types of insects oral appliance that is:

a. Type of mouth biting chewing apparatus consists of:

(1). Labrum, serves to put food into the oral cavity.

(2). Epifaring, serves as a taster.

(3). Mandibel, serves to chew, cut, or soften the food.

(4). Maxilla, is a tool to take food. Maxila has four branches, namely kardo, palpus, laksinia, and galea.

(5). Hypopharynx, similar to the growth of the base of the tongue and oral cavity.

(6). Labium, as the lower lip along the upper lip serves to close or open mouth. Labium is divided into three parts, namely ligament, submentum, and ligula. Ligula consists of a pair and a pair paraglosa glosa.
• Examples of types of insects with chewing biting mouth appliance that is the order Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera, and Lepidoptera.

b. Type of mouth chewing and sucking tool

• Type of mouth tool is represented by the type of oral appliance honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae) is a type of combination of the labrum and mandibelnya structure similar to the type of tool mouth biting chewing, but the maxillary and labiumnya elongated and fused.
• Glosa is part of the labium are elongated while the edges resembles a hairy tongue called flabelum that can infiltrate and interesting moves to reach the liquid nectar in the flowers.

c. Type lick suck oral appliance

• Type of mouth tool is for example the oral appliance flies (Diptera).
• At the bottom there is a labium shaped head turned into a slotted tube.
• Segment the base of the tube called the rostrum and bottom sections called haustelum.
• The end of the labium is a special form serves as a sucker, called the labellum

d. Sucking Mouth Tool Type

• Type of mouth tool is usually found in moths and butterflies adult (Lepidoptera) and a special type, which is a very small labrum, and maxillary palpusnya developing imperfect.
• labial palpus labium has a bushy-haired and has three segments.

• Part of this oral appliance that is considered important in this type of oral appliance is proboscis formed by the maxilla and galea into a very elongated tube and roll

e. Sucking Pierced Mouth Tool Type

• Ladybug, have piercing sucking mouth tool, for example Scotinophara (Heteroptera).
• The most prominent mouth tool is labium, which serve as shell stylet
• There are four very pointed stylet which serves as a piercer and suck sap.
• Fourth comes from a pair of maxillary stylet and mandibel this is a change in the shape of the tool mouth chewing insects.

Section of Thoracic

Part of the insect's body between the head and thorax abdomen is composed of three segments or segments that protoraks, mesotoraks, and metatoraks
The third part of the thorax has a pair of legs, while mesothoraks and metatoraks each have a pair of wings.
On each side there is a metathoraks mesotoraks and spiracles.
Protoraks, mesotoraks and metatoraks each consisting of notum top and the bottom is called the sternum.
Notum to prothoraks called the pronotum, and notum to mesothoraks and metathoraks each called mesonotum and metanotum.
Pronotum divided over preskutum, skutum, skutelum and postkutelum, mesonotum and metanotum each divided into epimeron and episternum.

Wing

Insects can be classified into two groups based on the ownership of the wings, namely the winged insects (Pterygota) and wingless insect groups (Apterygota). The wing is a protrusion of part of mesopleuron integument and metapleuron. The wing is reinforced by a row of skeletons bersklerotisasi wing, which contains nerves, trachea, and haemolymph. Upper and lower wing surfaces made of thin chitin. Certain parts of the wing looks like thick lines called wing veins. The wings are surrounded by a cell called the wing veins.

Limbs-Limbs Thorax

Insect legs are on prototaks, mesatoraks and metatoraks respectively called front limbs, limb middle and hind limbs.
Insect leg consists of six segments consisting of:

a. Koksa, which is the part that attaches directly to the thoracic
b. Trochanter, the second part of the segment-sized legs is shorter than the Koksa and partly united with the third segment
c. Femur, is the largest segment
d. Tibia, slimmer size but almost the same length as the femur at the end of the tibia usually are thorns or spurs
e. Tarsus, consisting of 1-5 segments
f. Pretarsus, the last segment of the limb, consisting of a pair of nail tarsus and there are structures such as pads called arolium

• Some types of insect limbs composed as follows:

1. Saltatorial: locust hind legs that are used for jumping, with formsrear leg femur is greater when compared with the femoral front legs and the middle leg. Example: Valanga nigricornis (grasshopper)
2. Raptorial: forelimb is used to catch and hold prey, so its size is large when compared with the other leg. Example: Stagmomantis carolina (mantises)
3. cursorial: Limbs is used for a quick walk or run. Example: Periplaneta australasiae (cockroach)
4. Fosorial: forelimb change shape as a navvy. Example: Gryllotalpa africana (mole-mole)
5. Natatorial: Limbs of this type found in aquatic insects that serve to swim. Example: Hydrophilus triangularis (water beetles)
6. Korbikulum: Limbs of this type serves to collect pollen. Example: Apis cerana (honeybee)

In the lab we use wood Grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis) due to have some reason some of them:

1. locust wood has a perfect body
2. locust wood body parts no modification Bagik head, thorax, and abdomen
3. Make it easy for the practitioner to observe any body parts grasshopper.
Locust explosion occurred in Indonesia, which resulted in a very bad impact on food crops in Indonesia, this occurs due to several reasons, pest and disease development is strongly influenced by the dynamics of climate factors. So do not be surprised if in the rainy season many agricultural world occupied by plant disease problems just as crackle and blast disease in rice, chilli anthracnose and so on. While in the dry season many problems rice stem borer, locusts wanderer, as well as the chilli thrips. Lately climate change as an increase in temperature associated with elevated levels of CO.

Locust explosion occurred not only in all parts of the region in Indonesia, but in other countries ensued as in East Timor, Australia and others. This type of grasshopper can live in a wide area environments because they can adapt to very different ecological conditions.
However, the optimum living conditions are at a temperature of 20-25 degrees Celsius and rainfall of 50-100 millimeters per month which provides sufficient moisture. FAO is one of the institutions in the United Nations entered into a collaboration with countries affected by the explosion belelang, one of which is with Indonesia and East Timor which took place in Kupang 24 to 25 November, 2009.
FAO has provided assistance in the form of insecticides namely pesticides, sprayer (atomizer), training or training and human resource development. Bio-pesticides used are sprayed from the air by helicopter. The results are very good and can eradicate locusts that attack rice plants belonging to farmers.

Nevertheless, this situation may not last long because there are several factors that will come back to blow up the number of grasshoppers. This is due to the accumulation of locusts defense against drugs, so that the locusts are immune to it. So this spur researchers / scientists to produce the latest innovation in order to reduce production losses due to pests on agricultural producers and so on.
Physiological characteristics that affect insect reactions, usually in the form of substance - a chemical substance produced in the metabolism of plants. Metabolic processes in plants generally produce substances that can serve as a reaction catalyst, build networks and energy supply. Plants require inorganic ions and produce enzymes, hormones and carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and phosphate components for energy transfer. The primary metabolite, supports the growth and reproduction of plants.

For insects, some primary metabolites can serve as feeding stimulants, nutrients, toxic substances as well. Secondary metabolites, varies considerably between plants and is referred to as non-essential substances in the primary metabolite. However, secondary metabolites can also serve as a stimulus for insects.
The relationship between stimulus and response of plants insects is chemical communication, a chemical that plays a role called semiochemical which consists of:
Pheromones: supporting communication of individuals in the same species
Allelochemical: supporting communication individuals in different species.
Allomon: Chemicals for defense, producing a negative response to the insects and reduce the possibility of contact with the insect host. Which includes allomon them, repellent, oviposition and feeding deterrent, and toxic substances
Kairomon: give the advantage to insects, support discovery process host, oviposition and feeding. Kairomon consists of: attractants, arrestant, excitant and stimulant.

CONCLUSION.
From the observation that has been made and the discussion above it can be concluded that:
1. Grasshoppers are herbivorous insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. These insects have antennae that are almost always shorter than the body and also has a short ovipositor.
2. Grasshopper has three body parts, namely;
Consists of the antenna head, eyes and mouth.
Thorax consists of 3 pairs of legs (prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax)
The abdomen consists of genitals
3. locust wood (Valanga nigricornis) has the following classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Family: Acridoidea
Genus: Valanga
Specific name: nigricornis -
Scientific name: - Valanga nigricornis.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: 20 February 2015 at 13:01

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About Grasshopper.

Grasshoppers are herbivorous insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. These insects have antennae that are almost always shorter than the body and also has a short ovipositor. Sound caused some species of grasshoppers are usually produced by rubbing the hind femur to the front wing or the abdomen (called Stridulation), or because their flapping wings while flying. Hind femur length and strong generally suitable for jumping.

These insects are generally winged, although wings sometimes can not be used to fly. Female grasshoppers are generally larger than the male grasshopper.
In Islam, Grasshopper is one of the two animals that had previously died when still permitted to be eaten, along with fish.

Additional Information.

As food.

In some countries, locusts consumed as a source of protein. For example, in southern Mexico, chapulines preferred because of protein, minerals, and vitamins are high. Locusts are usually collected at dusk, with the help of a lamp or flashlight, using nets broom. Furthermore locusts entered the water for 24 hours, then can be eaten raw or boiled, dried by the sun, fried, seasoned like garlic, onion, chilli, lime juice given, and used for soups or as a filler of various cuisines. Menu grasshopper quite abundant in food markets and street vendors in Central and Southern Mexico.
In the Chinese food market, for example Donghuamen night market, cooking locusts are presented using skewers.
In some countries in Africa, the grasshopper is an important food source in addition to several other species of insect. Grasshopper became a source of protein and fat to the daily diet, especially in times of food crisis. Usually grasshoppers cooked soup. Locusts consumed in Uganda and some neighboring regions called nsenene, although it is actually a grass cricket.
In some countries in the Middle East, locusts boiled with salt, dried by the sun, then eaten as a snack.
Many insects that become predators of grasshoppers, for example, various types of ants as the genus Crematogaster.

Grasshopper Higher Protein From Shrimp.

Based on research in the protein content of the flour Wood Grasshopper (Melanoplus cinereus) was greater than the protein content owned tiger shrimp.

Protein deficiency is one of the major nutritional problem in Indonesia. Therefore, the increase in protein consumption should be encouraged, one through diversification of high-protein food. Diversification of high-protein food that has been developed in Indonesia, one of which is the manufacture of flour shrimp, while on the use of locusts have not reached the stage of the manufacture of flour, when grasshoppers are also high in protein (62.2 percent).

Based on these reasons, then was appointed to study the problems is there any difference between the protein content of locust wood flour and flour tiger shrimp. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between the levels of protein and starch flour locust wood tiger shrimp.

This research is an observational study to look at the differences between the protein content of locust wood flour and flour tiger shrimp with cross sectional approach. The population in this study ne locust wood flour and flour tiger shrimp made in the same way, and the sample in this study is the flour timber grasshopper (Melanoplus cinereus) and flour tiger shrimp (Panaeneous onodon) taken by random sampling technique by 10 groups of flour locust wood flour and 10 groups of tiger shrimp, each as much as 1 gram.

The protein content was tested with independent sample t test, where the result p = 0.000 (p <0.05), to conclude that there is a real difference between the levels of protein and starch flour locust wood tiger shrimp, in which the protein flour is higher than the locust wood flour tiger shrimp with their respective levels of 17.922 and 9.846 percent.

The advice given in this research is the need for research on protein content qualitatively, not quantitatively only and people should take advantage of locust wood flour as an alternative source of animal protein flour besides tiger prawn.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: 18 February 2015 at 15:14

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Shooting explanation Copenhagen police.

One person was killed and three were injured in a shooting in the capital of Denmark, Copenhagen, Saturday (02/14/2015) afternoon local time, precisely before the 16:00 local time (22:00 GMT) at the cultural center Krudttoenden.

Vehicles and a number of police officers look all the way downtown Copenhagen, Sunday (15/2) after a shooting at a synagogue in Krystalgade. One person was shot in the head and two police officers were injured in the attack. Danish police said it was too early to say whether the incident was related to a previous attack on a cafe art. This news follows the shooting at liberty debate organized art cafe on talking and was attended by Swedish artist Lars Vilks, often received death threats over cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad himself. A man in the attack, and police said the suspects have not been able to ascertain. (AFP PHOTO / REUTERS / Martin Sylvest) vehicles and a number of police officers were visible all the way downtown Copenhagen, Sunday (15/2) after a shooting at a synagogue in Krystalgade. One person was shot in the head and two police officers were injured in the attack. Danish police said it was too early to say whether the incident was related to a previous attack on a cafe art.
In the cultural center known as a Krudttoenden the French Ambassador to Denmark Francois Zimeray and Swedish cartoonist Lars Vilks was scheduled to attend a meeting with the name "Art, Balsphemy and Freedom of Expression".

Through a press release, local police said that the lives of the three police officers are not threatened. French ambassador and citizens Sweden as reported by Xinhua, also not injured.

The death toll is a Danish citizen who is 40 years old. Police consider the shooting as an assassination attempt against Vilks, who in 2007 broadcast blasphemous cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad and triggering protests worldwide.

Police said they are hunting two suspects, who are still at large, and the vehicles they use to escape, VW polo, have been found in the city. Further investigation is still underway regarding the incident.

One offender.

While associated with the offender, police Denmark ensure that only one shooter involved in an attack on a forum for discussion on Islam and the freedom of speech.

Danish police then broadcast a photo of the actor who is alleged to have killed a man in a shooting incident similar to the shooting of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo offices in Paris last month.

According to the AFP news agency quoted by AFP, the photo shows a man wearing a dark raincoat and balaclava (headgear) deep red color with a black backpack.

A man passes the camera in the area where the two suspects shooting in Copenhagen, seen from a police photograph taken from the video footage, Saturday (14/2). Copenhagen Police issued this image, asking for information about citizens after a civilian was killed and three policemen were injured when gunmen opened fire at a meeting attended by Lars Vilks, the artist who received death threats since the publication of cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed. Photos disseminated through social media asking people to contact the police if you know the whereabouts of the man. (AFP PHOTO / REUTERS / Police / Scanpix)
Meanwhile, according to Reuters news agency, the Danish police continue to investigate a shooting at the cultural center of Copenhagen was whether there was a terrorist act.

Jorgen Skov police spokesman told reporters that a civilian was killed in an attack on a meeting that presents a Swedish artist Lars Vilks who had never received death threats after publishing a picture of the Prophet Muhammad. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: 18 February 2015 at 14:07

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Shooting in Denmark.

Danish police have arrested two men suspected of helping the shooter cafe that killed two people in a double attack in Copenhagen last weekend.

Photos released by the Danish police and received by Reuters on February 16, 2015 shows Omar Abdel Hamid, who allegedly linked to the case of an attack on a synagogue in Copenhagen. Danish police said they charged two people who helped synagogue attack suspect who shot dead two people and an event that promotes freedom of speech in Copenhagen last weekend. The shooting incident referred to by the Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt as an act of terrorism was appalling state of Denmark and comparisons with Islamist militant attack in Paris in January, which killed 17 people. Local media reported that the gunman adalalah Omad Abdel Hamid El-Hussein. AFP PHOTO / REUTERS / Danish Police Handout / Scanpix DenmarkFoto released by the Danish police and received by Reuters on February 16, 2015 shows Omar Abdel Hamid, who allegedly linked to the case of the attack on the synagogue in Copenhagen. Danish police said they charged two people who helped synagogue attack suspect who shot dead two people and an event that promotes freedom of speech in Copenhagen last weekend. The shooting incident referred to by the Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt as an act of terrorism was appalling state of Denmark and comparisons with Islamist militant attack in Paris in January, which killed 17 people. Local media reported that the shooter was Omad Abdel Hamid El-Hussein. AFP PHOTO / REUTERS / Danish Police Handout / Scanpix Denmark
"Two men who allegedly helped the shooter Krudttoenden cafe and a synagogue in Krystalgade," a statement from the Danish police told AFP on Monday (02/16/2015).

On Sunday (15/02/2015) morning, the Danish police shot dead a man suspected gunman Krudttoenden cafe in Copenhagen. Alleged perpetrator has been inspired by the massacre in the office of the magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris, France.

Omar Abdel Hamid El-Hussein was shot dead on a railway station in Copenhagen after he opened fire on a number of armed police.

The 22-year-old man who had been in prison for killing a film director Finn Norgaard (55) indiscriminately firing automatic rifles into the cafe Krudttoenden in the current debate about freedom of speech was held on Saturday afternoon.

Target youth was allegedly is controversial Swedish cartoonist Lars Vilks, who previously depict the Prophet Muhammad. Vilks safely and without injury in the incident.

About 10 hours later, El Hussein And Uzan shot in the head in a synagogue when organizing bat mitzvah celebration (initiation of maturity for Jewish women when they were aged 12 years and one day) for 80 people. Uzan (37 years), a Danish economist in the financial department, acting as a volunteer security guard for the event.

Two police officers, who were in the synagogue to provide extra security following the cafe shooting, shot in the arm and leg.

El-Hussein has to be "on the radar" of intelligence agencies in Denmark and had a long criminal record. Until Sunday night, it remains unclear how the El-Hussein became radicalized.

Jens Madsen, head of the Danish intelligence agency, PET, said the killer might be "inspired propaganda of Islamic militants who issued an Islamic state or ISIS and other terror organizations". He added, PET was working on the theory that the perpetrator could have been inspired by the events in Paris.

French Ambassador François Zimeray, who attended the speech in the cafe which was attacked, said, "I think he wants to repeat what happened in Paris. If the Danish police were not there, we would all be dead. "

The attack on the cafe Krudttonden it has a striking resemblance to the massacre at the office of Charlie Hebdo in Paris last month, in which two brothers terrorists killed 12 people.

In one of the largest people search in Danish history, police track down El-Hussein in an apartment next to the metro station Norrebro at 5 am Sunday. When he emerged, he began shooting at officers. However, he was later killed in a hail of bullets police.
Police later found two pistols on him and an automatic rifle nearby.

Soren Krebs (22 years), a student who lives nearby, told the Daily Mail, "I woke up at 05:00 when I heard a shot right outside my apartment window. It was scary. I saw a man dressed in black, with a bulletproof vest. He was standing near a corpse. "  Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: 18 February 2015 at 12:38

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Bacan stone Doko and Palamea.

Stone Ring Bacan, rock this one lately a lot of hunted among fans or collectors stone ring, of course, according to information obtained agate Bacan has a variety of properties and benefits that make the fans very targeted stone ring stone of this kind.

Stone Ring Bacan according to its kind, there are two types, namely stone and stone Bacan Bacan Doko palamea but at this time the most sought-after is the type of stone Bacan Doko. If you ever watch a colossal series that is currently favored is the film Mahabharata, you try to watch a stone that is used by a character Sengkuni, as we see it used stone seemed Bacan but for sure we can not know because just like loh yes.

But here we do not discuss about it, we will discuss what rocks and stones Bacan Bacan doko palamea. On different types but of course have differences, in terms of benefits or color output. For details you can read a brief review of the following to improve your knowledge of this stone.

Bacan rock lately amid the belle of other stone stone, stone supposedly said Bacan are living stones because it can be morphed or changed by itself should grow large plants, rocks Bacan is able to change the color green was originally black can be very impressive. Why is that since the Stone Bacan has inclusions or fiber stone and match a lot and will slowly turn into a more clean (clear) and crystallized in a long time you could say that the matter of years.

And it was not just that, a stone Bacan can not only change the color but also can absorb compounds close to the stone, let's say you hold your Bacan stone with a grain of gold, then the long run if we look inside the stone will Bacan gold spots are spots that you embed earlier.

Because excess excess Bacan stone that makes lovers and pengkolektor stone ring bonding rock hunting crowd Bacan, this unique ability successfully hypnotize many admirers pengkolektor from various countries such as China, Arab, and European stone admire this one.
Bacan stone can be fairly hard, which has a 7.5 Mohs stone of force, and is arguably setar.

Differences Stone Bacan Doko, Palamea And Obi.

Stone Bacan doko and palamea including 2 Halmahera rock types that are currently on the rise and often a conversation between gemstones hobbyist. The hunt continues, even a lot of traders who feel overwhelmed upon demand the rock with a distinctive green color.

The uniqueness of the stone Bacan doko or palamea the reason many collectors and hobbyists interested in having stones are considered equivalent to the jade. The uniqueness of the stone Bacan doko or palamea the reason many collectors and hobbyists interested in having stones are considered equivalent to the jade. One of the most prominent because of the uniqueness of the stone's ability to crystallize naturally despite being lifted from the earth even after the form of jewelry, so many are calling stone gemstone Bacan as lifeless and live rock

How to Distinguish Stone Bacan Doko, Palamea and Obi.
To differentiate into the three types of rocks is quite easy and can also be distinguished by the naked eye, especially because all three colors have different colors.

Bacan Doko.

dokoBatu Bacan stone is widely found in the village Doko Kasiruta Island, District of West Halmahera, North Maluku Bacan so that the stone is considered to animate using appropriate name discovery.

Bacan Doko has a clear color and green, dark green rather dark and many traders call with green grass jelly, but if it will come out green illuminated light and colors including the most preferred and favored by many collectors. Bacan doko grass jelly is usually faster than the color change palamea types and ranges from 3 to 4 months already begun to change color green from the previous color slightly darker. The more bright colors that have then the price will be more expensive.

Bacan Palamea.

Palamea Bacan rock types found in the village Palamea Bacan District of West Halmahera, Bacan characteristic colors on this kind of bluish green. Crystallization process becomes clear believed slower than the kind doko. However, both types of stone are equally be hunted many collectors and lovers of gems.

Bacan Obi

This rock type known as obi stone, found in North Maluku Obi island and have different characteristics with Bacan doko or palamea that can change color while rock obi can not change color even if stored for a long time. However obi also includes original stone types Halmahera also the target of many local and foreign collectors. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/02/bacan-stone-doko-and-palamea.html
DatePublished: 18 February 2015 at 10:54

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Towards Mutual Truce attack.

United Nations Security Council Emergency Meeting.

Yet to be realized, the Russian-Ukrainian truce jeopardized. Action should have been attacking each other on the border between the two countries to stop start at 22:00 on (14/2) local time.
But a few hours before the time specified, the Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian rebels still clashed.
Since President Vladimir Putin declared a ceasefire on Thursday (12/2), the actual fighting in the border has never stopped, until yesterday were both camps still attacking each other.
There is no intention of Ukrainian troops and pro-Russian rebels to lay down their arms, they still attack each other until the fall dozen casualties.
Vyacheslav Abroskin, local police chief reported that the intensity of the attacks increased.
"Bang cannon and bullets whistle sounded alternately in Debaltseve City, Donetsk Oblast (province Donetsk) a Ukrainian army to survive." he explained.
Strategic town which became the main line railway Ukraine it into the final location of the security forces.
Over the past few days, the Ukrainian troops have been involved in violent battles with pro-Russian rebels. According Abroskin, clashes intensified it after Putin declared a ceasefire.
"Rebels pulverize Debaltseve. They are constantly pounding the entire building and residential areas," he said.
Azov Battalion, a paramilitary unit that is part of the National Guard of Ukraine, reported new clashes that broke out on the east side of the city of Mariupol.
"As soon as the rebels fled, City Shyrokyne been flattened," said a spokesman for the battalion that all members are volunteers.
In addition to government forces, Ukraine indeed exert Azov to support the attack.
Last Friday, the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko actually warned the government forces and the rebels to refrain, because only in shades of peace and quiet situation, the ceasefire will be effective. Without a high awareness of both parties to stop attacking each other, signed a peace agreement was threatened canceled.
"After a meeting in Minsk, the pro-Russian rebel even more diligent to attack civilians," said Poroshenko.
Within 24 hours the past, the battle has not yet ended. Andriy Lysenko, spokesman for the Ukrainian defense mention, there are seven soldiers were killed in the clashes, while 23 others were injured.
Indeed, the ceasefire will be the first test of Russia and Ukraine last clashed fiercely. The world community will be able to observe both sides and report all crimes, especially after the ceasefire. Public will be witnesses, anyone who is more often violated.
Last night world leaders gather in Belarus. Russia-Ukraine remains a major topic of the meeting. Chancellor Angela Merkel with President Francois Hollande and President Barack Obama will hold a special meeting with Poroshenko.
Meanwhile, the United Nations Security Council will conduct an emergency meeting today (15/2).
Obama asserted, if the ceasefire failed to bring peace, he would have ordered the military to arm Ukraine.
Not only military, but also the entire civilians. The supply of weapons is very vulnerable fall into the wrong hands. Yesterday, in addition to flying bullets, rebels and government forces salng throwing rockets and cannon.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/02/towards-mutual-truce-attack.html
DatePublished: 15 February 2015 at 12:00

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Law in Indonesia.

Attorney General regrets Boycott Threat Related Execution Bali Nine.

Australia requests that the execution of the two citizens were canceled and the threat of a boycott overestimated by the Attorney General HM. Prasetyo, Australia should respect the legal process in Indonesia. Similarly, the Indonesian who respect the laws of Australia.
"We have a rule of law that must be respected by all parties, including Australia," said Prasetyo at his office.
By doing so, the Australian government is expected to understand the plan execution of the two citizens. Moreover, the Attorney General made sure never hinder Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, Foreign citizens who are members of the syndicate Kangaroos Bali Nine to use his legal rights. Starting an appeal, an appeal to clemency.
"All the legal process has taken. Then let alone ?," he said.
As reported, frontman drug trafficking syndicate Sukumaran and Chan are awaiting execution is execution by firing squad scheduled this month. Australian Government made efforts to cancel the execution of 8.2 kilograms of heroin smugglers in 2005's. The last attempt was a threat Foreign Minister Julie Bishop to boycott its citizens visit to Indonesia if the executions go ahead.
Attorney General Prasetyo asserted, the Australian government's move to get forgiveness for both citizens by asking the President Jokowi is not appropriate, because the president has rejected their clemency petition. By doing so, the actual current stay of execution.
"Nothing can be done again, we would have to implement the decision of the law," he explained.
When mentioned that the attorney Bali Nine judges questioned the claimed involvement in narcotics, he said that the problem was certainly not the authority of the Attorney General. "Please go to the Judicial Commission," he said.
Associated with the transfer of two death row Bali Nine, the Attorney General will make sure not to use commercial aircraft. Attorney General Prasetyo explained, the transfer mechanism is being finalized.
"Why would know how removal? What is important is definitely in reclaiming," he added.
Displacement of local officials who are considering an agreement once the local wisdom that would be respected. Attorney General's certainly not going to work alone in the transfer, there is the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, Ministry of Health and others.
"Of all of them go to work. The problem is not easy," he said.

United Nations protest.

The attitude of the government to implement the firm's execution that second wave forcing the helm of the Australian government to intervene.
After Foreign Minister Julie Bishop aggressive states attitude, this time the Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott has asked Indonesia to cancel the execution plan.
Leader of the Liberal Party asking for clemency Indonesia attention to the duo's death row.
According to him, Indonesia need to realize that millions of people in Australia are currently angry over the execution plan. Therefore, he kept trying to convey a message to the Indonesian government.
"Even at the last moment like this, I still beg Indonesia responsive to us. Hope is the same as the hope of Indonesia to other countries when applying for forgiveness for Indonesian citizens abroad," he said in an interview doorstop in Manly area, Sydney.
In Alert Channel News Asia, Abbott was never stated that the Australian government considers the execution as barbaric.
Moreover, Australia recognized Indonesian always help in times of trouble, such as the tsunami disaster in 2004.
"We respect the sovereignty of Indonesia in this regard. But, we would greatly appreciate the generosity of the government of Indonesia. If it does happen, we will look for ways to express our displeasure," he said.
Meanwhile, the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also participate in the movement for the cancellation of the execution of the second wave.
United Nations spokesman Stephane Dujarric explained, substitute Kofi Annan is communicating with the Indonesian government to ask for the death penalty verdict was canceled.
"He's been talking with Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi to convey the meaning. In this case, the United Nations rejected the death penalty for any case. The Secretary-General also appealed to the Indonesian authorities that the execution of death row inmate residual drug case does not proceed," he said .

Total Plus.

Meanwhile, news of the execution of death row inmates with higher numbers than in the first wave continued to strengthen. Especially after the Attorney General to give the impression that the number of death row inmates in the execution of this time more than in the first wave.
Internal sources of the Attorney General said, the Attorney General said the number of death row inmate to be executed no less than six people, it can mean the same and can be more. Actually, the Attorney General had requested execution carried on against 12 death row, but still weighed-weigh.
The consideration, if too many death row inmates were executed, it is feared that the process is considered as a massacre.
Anyway, the field was limited to execution, just enough for six convicted by a distance of 2 meters between the convict.
"We can not execute convicts turn, worried sentenced to death heard a shot and it was inhumane, he said.
While it confirmed the plan to execute death row more, secretary-general of the Attorney General  Law Tony Spontana reluctant to say much.
"I heard it but certainly not certain," he said.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/02/law-in-indonesia.html
DatePublished: 15 February 2015 at 10:49

Tags : Law in Indonesia.

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