Trends Transmission of HIV / AIDS.

HIV infection risk groups, namely injecting drug users, transgender and gay men, a challenge in the response to HIV in Indonesia in the future.

In 2007-2011, HIV prevalence among sex workers much directly (without intermediaries), transvestites, and gay men (MSM). However, that changed in 2009 to 2013. "It needs a new treatment," said Health Minister Nafsiah Mboi at a press conference at the Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Tuesday (5/8). Representatives from a number of international agencies, such as UNAIDS, ILO and WHO, also attended. Also Secretary of the National AIDS Commission Kemal N Siregar.

Nafsiah, from five-risk populations, namely injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers direct, indirect female sex workers (covert use intermediaries), transvestites, and MSM, only HIV prevalence in female sex workers directly and indirectly are not increased in the period 2009-2013.

Trends in the prevalence of injecting drug users in 2009 increased by 8.8 percent to 14.4 percent in 2013. Similarly, the prevalence of transvestites from 5.8 percent (2013) to 8.2 percent (2013) and MSM from 2.5 percent (2009) to 7.4 percent (2013).

Nafsiah claimed to be surprised by that fact. Therefore, since 2006, various attempts have been made to tackle the transmission of HIV. "Needles and syringes are provided and protective equipment can also be purchased everywhere, but still many who do not wear it. If you have a risky behavior, wear protective gear, "he said.

Government policy in the period 2006-2014 among other interventions against risk populations, such as injecting drug users, sex workers, and the prevention of transmission from mother to baby. For example, the period 2011 to June 2014, the number of HIV-positive pregnant women who received antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) continues to increase, respectively 601 people, 1,070 people, 1,544 people, and 1,456 people.

As a result, the percentage of babies born to HIV positive decreases. In 2011, of 949 infants born to HIV positive 7.5 percent (71 infants) were infected with HIV, in 2012, of the 1,458 babies born 5.9 percent (86 infants) HIV positive, and the last year of 1,630 babies were born 5.6 percent (91 infants) were infected with HIV. Until June 2014, of the 926 babies born, 5.8 percent (54 infants) were infected.

While the number of deaths (CFR) associated with AIDS also declined from 11.04 percent in 2006, 6.31 per cent (2008), 5.01 per cent (2010), 3.79 per cent (2012), and 0.4 percent (June 2014 ).

However, the current trend of the HIV epidemic reveals that the threat of HIV infection from injecting drug users, transgender, and MSM trend continues to rise.

Secretary of the National AIDS Commission Kemal N Siregar said, through modeling that became a national strategy action plan, the HIV epidemic in 2010-2014 was reduced, especially in the group of injecting drug users, low-risk men, female sex workers, and sex buyers.

However, the epidemic in groups of low-risk women and MSM it remains high. Low-risk women generally are housewives infected from her husband or a woman who contracted the disease from her partner. "Many wives who did not dare tell her husband when known HIV positive. In fact, her husband who transmit, "said Nafsiah.

Steve Kraus, UNAIDS Regional Director Asia Pacific, added, the most important in the prevention of HIV / AIDS is expanding the scope of the examination, treatment, and protection / prevention of transmission. HIV testing should be easy, inexpensive, and easily accessible. (ADH). Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/01/trends-transmission-of-hiv-aids.html
DatePublished: January 4, 2015 at 21:19

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Do not Want Holiday Blues.

Christmas and New Year holidays have passed out of sight. However, not all people are excited to welcome this long holiday. Not everyone is looking forward to the arrival of December.
The holiday season that makes you happy can occur due to many things. For example, just feel lost someone, feel they have no family, feel lonely, just facing a divorce, to eat and drink unhealthy.
It can make a person depressed, bad mood, and always so negative on the holiday season. This is known as the holiday blues.

Actually, what are the factors that cause you to have the holiday blues and how to solve it? Here are the causes that you should avoid in order not to experience the holiday blues.

Expect something unrealistic.

Hoping for a perfect holiday will only lead to disappointment and make someone depressed. Doctor Mark Sichel, a psychiatrist who is also the author of Healing From Family rifts said, many people have a holiday fantasy fun as they see on television.
In addition, there is often a family dispute at holiday time. According to Sichel, family conflict or have just lost a loved one can add to grief during the holidays. Sichel himself admitted receiving many patients who consulted after the holiday is over.
To cope with it all, the key is grateful. Grateful for the things that have been successful you get. Be thankful when family members can gather though still incomplete. Grateful you can get off from work.
"Having gratitude may be the best antidote to depression," Sichel said as quoted from huffingtonpost.com.

Too much desire and do many things.

Wanting a lot of things, and it is planned that feels perfect holiday can make your depression, anxiety, stress, and lack of sleep. It can make you a bad mood during the holidays.

According to Sichel, it also can lead to fear if not get what you want and make high blood pressure which is the most common trigger for the Holiday Blues.
"Many people feel they can not do a lot of things right and feel family members will be disappointed," said Sichel.

Comparing with the happiness of others.

Christmas or holiday do not compare with those around you. Do not feel you are less than perfect family and get rid of the one passing through the trauma. It can only make you more sad.
You will find always worst than others. In fact, it might not have a lot of people who are not more fortunate than you.

Lazy maintain health.

For many, December is the busiest month of the year. Routines take a yoga class, morning walk, healthy diet, meditation, can be neglected because of the rush ahead of Christmas and New Year holidays.
Sichel also reminded that people maintain a healthy diet during the holidays. "Take care of yourself, do not overeat and drink excessive bad," said Sichel.
Sichel regretted if during the holiday favorite alcoholic beverage. He emphasized the importance of avoiding binge drinking during the long vacation. He asserted, alcohol will not reduce a person's grief, but can only aggravate the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Experiencing symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder.

If you feel sad only in certain seasons, maybe you have Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).
According to Sichel, a lot of people who think that they are experiencing the holiday blues, but suffer from SAD. SAD is a depression that only occurs in certain seasons every year. If depression persists, consult a psychologist to psychiatrist ata.
In essence, avoid depression during the holidays that will only make your body and mind are not healthy. Grateful, positive thinking, and laughter is the key to avoiding depression. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/01/do-not-want-holiday-blues.html
DatePublished: January 4, 2015 at 20:05

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The meaning and purpose of accommodation.

In terms of accommodation, destination accommodation, consisting of several forms of accommodation. Definition of accommodation according to the definition of experts who say that the notion of accommodation is a way to resolve conflict without destroying the opponent so that the opponent does not lose his personality. Accommodation is part of the forms of social interaction associative, which had previously been discussed associative understanding of social interaction in which there has been no forms of social interaction associative including accommodation, where the associative social interaction are the kinds of social interaction. Accommodation has a purpose and forms of accommodation such as those below.

A. The purpose of accommodation.

The purpose of the property include the following.

1). Reduce conflict between individuals or groups of people as a result of disagreement.
2). Prevent the explosion of a conflict for a while,
3). Allow for collaboration between groups with each other apart because of cultural life.
4). Merge separate social group.

B. Forms of accommodation.

The accommodation has several forms as follows.

Coercion. 

Coercion is a form of accommodation that the process is carried out by force because one of the parties is in a weak position.

Compromise. 

Compromise is a form of accommodation where the warring parties reduce their demands in order to achieve settlement of existing disputes.

Arbitration. 

Arbitration is one way to reach a compromise if the warring parties are not able to deal with alone. Arbitration is done by presenting a third party approved by both parties.

Conciliation. 

Conciliation is a desire to bring business warring parties to seek a solution.

Tolerance. 

Tolerance is one of the forms of property without consent, but needed mutual understanding.

Stalemate. 

Stalemate is a form of accommodation in which the conflicting parties to stop at a certain point because they have equal strength.

Adjudication. 

Adjudication is a problem-solving process in court. Thanks Bambang have read this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-meaning-and-purpose-of-accommodation.html
DatePublished: December 25, 2014 at 13:14

Tag : The meaning and purpose of accommodation.

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Wary of White Water Dangers Behind.

Water is an essential element for living a clean and healthy. Nevertheless, there are hidden dangers behind the freshness of the water.

Some dangers to watch out for:

Bisphenol A.

Bisphenol A or commonly known as Bisphenol A is a chemical found in certain plastic bottles. Bottles containing Bisphenol A can be melted and into the food or beverage. It is certainly detrimental to health, especially the health of children. Therefore, when choosing a bottle of drinking water, choose one that is free of Bisphenol A.

Do not wash bottle.

Got a water bottle itself is more efficient and environmentally friendly. However, make sure to drink a bottle washed every day. Bacteria love to live in a damp and warm. Wash bottle with water and soap, then dry.
artificial sweeteners
Water is the most healthy of course water without additional sweeteners or other substances. In order for water or tea water feels more healthy and tasty, add slices of lemon into it.

Drinking too much.

Most of us do not drink enough, but there is also much to drink. Overhydration is equally dangerous. Overhydration can cause hyponatremia, a state in which the levels of sodium in the body down and the cells begin to swell. So says the Mayo Clinic website.
To avoid dehydration or overhydration, drink in moderation, do not drink until you feel full and not want to eat.
caffeine

Actually caffeine fix benefit memory and concentration. However, most of the caffeine is also not useful. Stop drinking coffee after two cups of coffee. Drink water to relieve thirst. Most drinking coffee can make us become restless and difficult to sleep. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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https://plus.google.com/10511970433123177091.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/wary-of-white-water-dangers-behind.html
DatePublished: December 25, 2014 at 12:50

Tag : Wary of White Water Dangers Behind.

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Losses Using Plastic Bottles.

Almost all kinds of bottle use containers made of plastic. Its lightweight and strong made of plastic material is more widely used than with the packaging of other materials.

Plastics are synthetic materials that are produced by using all kinds of compounds. Although there are several types of plastics, such as PET plastic, safe to use, but the plastic bottles is actually meant only used once.

Plastic packaging actually cause problems if the object is recycled and used again. This is because the plastic will decompose to release a chemical called Bisphenol A into the water.

Bisphenol A has some negative effect on the body's hormones, including :

- Behavioral disorders
- Lowered immunity
- Early puberty in girls
- Fertility problems
- Reduce the number of sperm
- Disorders of learning
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Prostate cancer and breast

Plastic bottle also contains chemicals called phthalates, a substance that helps the manufacture of PVC plastic more flexible. Phthalates have been linked to various health problems such as liver cancer, lowered sperm counts and other reproductive problems.

Currently it has a lot of plastic bottles are labeled Bisphenol A free or free content bhisphenol. To be safe, choose a plastic bottle with the label, especially plastic bottles used for milk or food container children.

Environmental impact.

As you know that plastic is bad for the environment. Biodegradable plastic depending on the type of plastic used and the unraveling process can take anywhere between 450 to 1,000 years.

About 50 billion plastic bottles are used every year around the world, so that the location of waste disposal will hardly enough to accommodate all of them.

If a bottle can hold one liter of water, it takes three liters of water to make it. After the bottles produced, this water can not be used for anything else so immediately discarded.

In addition, 17 million barrels of oil are used to produce these bottles every year. As much fuel as it can be to move one million cars throughout the year. Not to mention the fuel required to transport the bottles is quite large because of the weight increase after filled with water.

Overall, in terms of health and the environment is much better if you use glass bottles instead of plastic ones. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/losses-using-plastic-bottles.html
DatePublished: December 25, 2014 at 12:25

Tag : Losses Using Plastic Bottles.

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Lasik surgery Without Knives.

Lasik has been widely used to treat eye nearsighted or minus eye to the cylinder. Technology for LASIK continues to grow in Indonesia.

Previously, appears iLASIK technology which is lasik surgery without the use of a scalpel to open the surface layer of the cornea (flap). High-Definition iLASIK using IFS Advanced Femtosecond Laser so that 100 percent of the flap is made without touching the eye scalpel.

Not to stop there, the latest developments on the recorder now eyes are iDesign profile. New technologies in this archipelago Eye Clinic uses a high-definition sensor and is capable of capturing 1,200 of data points. Data eyes that captured more accurately than previous instruments, namely wave scan.

"Accuracy is five times more precise," said Ophthalmologist, Eye Clinic Annette Mariza in the archipelago, South Jakarta, Tuesday (09/09/2014).

Like a camera, iDesign have higher megapixels so as to catch the eye more detail. Lasik surgery success depends heavily on the process of recording this eye profile. "Data from here (iDesign) we enter into the machine LASIK," said Annette.

DIAN MAHARANI iDesign, the latest technology for LASIK surgery that has a higher degree of accuracy to make eye profile. Lasik is a surgery to cure eye minus or nearsightedness or cylinder.

With a high degree of accuracy, iDesign certainly minimize the risk of excessive or less sharp vision (under or over correction) after surgery.

Annette explains, workmanship LASIK is like sand layers of the cornea. LASIK surgery was painless and requires a short time. For about 20 minutes, the patient's eye will be kept open with eye opener. When the patient was asked to focus only looked at one point on the laser machine. When dry eye, the doctor will help give eye drops.

However, LASIK is only recommended for age above 18 years. Therefore, after the passing of the age, eye development has stalled. "Minus was considered completed at the age of 18 years, baseball add again. Despite the age of 25 or 30 to the top of the minus is still growing," said Annette.

After surgery, the first in about 6 hours eyesight little foggy and glare. But after that will gradually improve and return to normal vision.

Lasik can permanently eliminate eye problems or cylinder minus be back to normal. Ophthalmologist Viktor Rasoebala added, 95 percent of patients who undergo LASIK surgery visual acuity returned to normal. After LASIK, they did not need to use glasses or minus cylinder.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/lasik-surgery-without-knives.html
DatePublished: December 25, 2014 at 12:00

Tag : Lasik surgery Without Knives.

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About Eye Surgery.

Eye plastic surgery, or which in the language of medicine called Blepharoplasty is a procedure that most people do in Korea. In the eyes of the general characteristics of Asia including Korea does not have double eyelids, small and slender shape. Therefore, it has been developed methods of operation to get big eyes, beautiful and glowing with the eyelid crease, epicanthoplasty and lateral canthoplasty, etc.
The more people who have done double eyelid surgery so if someone says that he has done plastic surgery eye, then usually people think that the question is a simple double eyelid surgery. But actually double eyelid surgery was not an easy operation. Plastic surgery eye surgery is not only to create double eyelids, but there are many other procedures that are tailored to the needs of each patient.

There are several types of double eyelid surgery. Based on the method of operation, no surgery without incision, the incision, and the partial incision. Based on the shape of the eyelid crease is no form infold, outfold, in-outfold. Infold Called when the eyelid crease in the position overlapping with the lash line. Disebutoutfold when in position above the lash line and called in-outfold if only slightly touch the lash line (see picture). Plastic surgeon will help choose the shape of the eyelid that match the shape of your face and methods of operation that are tailored to the circumstances of your eyelid.

If the double eyelid surgery is a common procedure in plastic surgery eye, then kantoplasti and correction of ptosis surgery is a procedure that has been upgraded. A person can not be called beautiful just by making the eyelids to raise his eyes. The proportion of the width and length of the eye, eye and face shape as a whole, as well as large and long eye should also be considered. Eye plastic surgery called a success if someone looks different even without other operations.

For example, someone with big eyes and a clear double eyelid memorable hard and cruel when the outer end of his ride. This case can be solved by lowering the outer end of the eye. A person with both eyes were distant from each other makes it seem frustrated and even nose looks too low. This can be overcome by epicanthoplasty procedure. This procedure makes the eyes look fresher and brighter appearance, even nose also looks sharp. There is also a person with eyelid muscles to open the eyes of the weak so that it looks sleepy. This can be overcome with ptosis correction to tighten the muscles that are used to open the lid so that the eye is clear and looks great. This procedure is much in demand by young people today.

In addition, along with the aging process, the bottom of the eye becomes thicker because of the fat penumpukaan that person becomes visibly upset and older. This can be overcome by surgical removal of fat under the eyes. Furthermore sagging eyelids can also be solved with upper blepharoplasty procedures and wrinkles under the eyes can be corrected through the lower blepharoplasty procedure.

Basically, eye plastic surgery is not a simple procedure. This operation is the most popular plastic surgery but also one of the highest operating frequency of revision. This type of surgery is also very diverse and only the differences are very small, can change a person's appearance overall. Therefore, if you want to perform plastic surgery eye, you better consult the specialist to get the ideal shape of the eye in any way you'd expect. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/about-eye-surgery.html
DatePublished: December 25, 2014 at 11:29

Tag : About Eye Surgery.

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