Born January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Died 4 April 1968 (age 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Because died were killed.
Couple Coretta Scott King.
"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind."
-Martin Luther King, Jr.
Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., Ph.D. (born in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, January 15, 1929 - died in Memphis, Tennessee, USA, April 4, 1968 at the age of 39 years) is a Nobel laureate, a Baptist pastor and human rights activist African-Americans. He is one of the most important leaders in US history and the history of non-violence in modern times, and is regarded as a hero, a peacemaker and martyr by many people around the world. One and a half decades after his assassination in 1968, the United States set a holiday to commemorate Martin Luther King Day.
CVs.
King was born in Atlanta, Georgia from the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. She married Coretta Scott on June 18, 1953. He graduated from Morehouse College with a Bachelor of Arts (in the field of Sociology) in 1948, and from Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Divinity degree (Bachelor of Theology) in 1951. he earned his Ph.D. in systematic theology from Boston University in 1955. King was a Baptist pastor in Montgomery, Alabama who fought against racial discrimination. In 1963, King led the bus boycott demonstrations in Birmingham. Boycott was done without using violence. He followed the principles of Mahatma Gandhi who fought to avoid violence. For several years, he made a great success, but gradually young black people to stay away because they can not accept his anti-violence. Instead, King never stopped and expand the program.
His work.
Due to its action in opposing discrimination against blacks, King was jailed in Birmingham jail. In prison, he wrote a letter entitled, Letter from Birmingham Jail, in his letter, King stated that he felt called to speak a prophetic voice against injustice in his day. He also criticized those who do not agree to the bus boycott in Birmingham. For him, they are the ones who are not sensitive and can not perform an analysis of the main causes of the boycott. According to King, they are swept up in a situation that happened and are not able to break the domination of the white man.
He not only fought against the discrimination of black people, but also against the lands and the Vietnam War. Greatness King mainly located in high dreams and spectacular style as a pastor. His "I Have a Dream" on his march march to Washington, DC (August 28, 1963) makes it even more famous. He is revered by many honorable titles. In 1963, he received the Nobel Peace Prize. He was shot to death when he was doing the action in Memphis on April 4, 1968. The shock of his death caused a lot of unrest and clashes in various cities across the United States.
Important Facts about Martin Luther King, Jr.
One advocate social change strategies anti-violence in the world's most famous Martin Luther King Jr. is really true pacifist. As memories to remember him, there are some important facts about him which are struggling to make the world a better place for all of us this:
Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia middle child of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King.
When it was born, his father was named "Michael King", and Martin Luther King, Jr., was originally also named "Michael King, Jr.," until the family traveled to Europe in 1934 and visited Germany. His father then rename them both to honor Martin Luther German Protestant leader Martin Luther.
King sang with his church choir group at the premiere of the movie Gone with the Wind in Atlanta in 1939.
Growing up in Atlanta, King entered school Booker T. Washington High School. As a student growing too fast, he skips class nine and twelve grade and entered Morehouse College instantly when he was fifteen normally without graduating from high school.
Coretta Scott King was married with, on June 18, 1953, in the yard of his parents' house in Heiberger, Alabama. They have four children; Yolanda King, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, and Bernice King.
King became pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama when he was twenty-four years old in 1954.
Inspired by Gandhi's success with the activities of anti-violence, King visited Gandhi's birthplace in India in 1959. The trip to India is a profound influence on the young King himself, deepening his understanding of non-violent resistance and his commitment to uphold the rights struggle in America civil rights.
King also said to be influenced by Jesus, Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Mays, Hosea Williams, Bayard Rustin, Henry David Thoreau, Howard Thurman and Leo Tolstoy.
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. As a result, King helped organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott. After the boycott lasted for 385 days, the situation became tense to house King was bombed and he was also arrested on an opportunity. But in the end, the US District Court issued an order ending the social segregation in all public buses in Montgomery.
In 1957, King, Ralph Abenarty, and rights activists civilians founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The group was established to provide moral support and organizing power of black churches to conduct non-violent protests in enforcing civil rights reform. King led the SCLC until his death.
In 1959, King wrote The Measure of a Man, which then was the forerunner article titled What is Man? which is an attempt to sketch the optimal political structure, social, and economic.
In the fall of 1963, upon the written order of the Attorney General Rovert F. Kennedy, the FBI began telephone tapping King.
King was awarded the Pacem in Terris Award, a prize named after the encyclical letter of Pope John XXIII in 1963 that it called for everyone to strive for peace.
King, representing SCLC, was one of the leaders of the organization of the rights of civilians being touted as the "Big Six" were instrumental in the organization of street actions on Washington for Jobs and Freedom demand, which was held on August 28, 1963 . In this event King delivered a speech titled "I Have A Dream" horrendous.
More than a quarter of a million people from different ethnic follow the event, which swarm from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to the National Mall and around the reflecting pool. At that time, the event is the largest protest in the history of Washington.
King's speech, entitled "I Have A Dream" bewitching mass. The speech, along with his Gettysburg speech Abraham Lincoln and his Infamy speech Franklin D. Roosevelt, regarded as one of the finest speeches in the history of American oratory.
Street actions, especially King's speech, has helped put the rights of civilians on the top of a liberal political agenda in the United States and opened the way for the birth of the Civil Rights Act (Civil Rights Act) in 1964.
King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1964.
In an interview with Playboy in 1965, King expressed a view that white America, and also those of other disadvantaged Americans, should be compensated for historical wrongs that have occurred. King said that he did not seek a full refund on the wages paid to the slave, that he was sure it was not possible, but he suggested that the government hold a compensation program for $ 50 million over 10 years to all disadvantaged groups.
King tried to organize an action in the streets of Selma, Alabama to the Capital Montgomery, Alabama on March 7, 1965. But the marches was canceled, due to the violence between police and the community with the protesters. The day became known as bloody Sunday.
Action was finally implemented fully and peacefully on March 25, 1965. In closing action, on the steps of the council in the state, King delivered a speech that became known as "How Long, Not Long".
In 1966, after achieving some success in the South, King and others who are members of the civil rights organizations tried to spread the movement to the North, with Chicago as its first destination.
As an educational experience and to demonstrate their support and sympathy for the poor, the King and the civil rights leader moved out to the slum area on the west side of Chicago. However, they receive treatment that is worse than ever in the South, where the action took to the road that they do get thrown stone, yelled at the crowd and almost led to riots.
King, who received death threats for his involvement in the civil rights movement, exposed brick in the street actions that they did, but he continues to struggle to lead even though his life is threatened.
When King and his allies returned to the south, they left Jesse Jackson, a seminary student who had previously joined the movement in the South, on behalf of their organization.
Starting in 1965, King began to express doubts about the US role in the Vietnam war.
On February 2, 1965, King was arrested in Selma, Alabama in a demonstration of the rights to vote (voting rights).
In April 1967, King appeared at the Riverside Church in New York City-exactly a year before his death-and delivered a speech titled "Beyond Vietnam". In his speech, he spoke loudly challenging the US role in the Vietnam war, accused the US presence in Vietnam was "to occupy the country a colony" and calling the US government as "the most violent carrier in the world today".
Supreme Court wearing the charges against King through the courts Birmingham as doing demonstrations without permission. King curled up in the Birmingham jail for four days.
In 1968, King and the SCLC organized the "Poor People Campaign" to raise issues about economic justice. The campaign ended in an action taken to the streets in Washington, DC demanding economic aid to the poor in the US.
In the month of the date of March 29, 1968, King went to Memphis, Tennessee in support of the black sanitary workers in the public works, which has been struggling since March 12 to demand higher wages and better treatment.
On April 3, King engaged in a parade and delivered his speech entitled "I've Been to the Mountaintop" at Mason Temple, the world headquarters of the Church of Christ.
King been booked a room number 306 at the Lorraine Motel. Pastor Ralph Abernaty, a close friend of King and his colleagues were present at the murder, delivered sworn testimony to the Committee on Parliamentary US options for Cases of Murder that the king and his entourage stayed at room 306 at the Lorraine Motel so often so that the room is well-known "King-Abernaty suite ".
According to Jesse Jackson, who was also present at the murder, the last word spoken King from the balcony before his assassination were spoken to musician named Ben Branch, who was scheduled to perform that night at an event which will also be attended King: "Ben, make sure you play song "Take my Hand, Precious Lord" in the meeting tonight. Play with the beautiful-beautiful. "
At 6:01, morning, April 4, the, 1968, a shot to bark when the king was standing on the balcony of the second floor of the motel. A bullet went through his right cheek, jaw ripped off, and then penetrate the spinal cord before being lodged in his shoulder.
After receiving emergency chest surgery, King was pronounced dead at St. Joseph's Hospital at 7:05 am.
An autopsy on the body of King revealed that although he was only thirty-nine years, but the same heart with the heart man aged sixty-nine years, probably as a result of stress during the thirteen years of running the movement for the rights of civilians.
The murder sparked a wave of nationwide riots in Washington DC, Chicago, Baltimore, Louisville, Kentucky, Kansas City, and dozens of other cities.
Presidential candidate Robert Kennedy was on the journey toward Indianapolis to conduct a campaign parade when he was told about the death of King. He delivered a short speech in front of his supporters whose contents convey the tragedy and urged his supporters to continue the ideals of nonviolence King.
President Lyndon B. Johnson declared on 7 April as a day of national mourning in memory of the leader of the civil rights. Vice President Hubert Humphrey attended King's funeral on behalf of the President, as there were fears that Johnson's presence would lead to protests and perhaps violence.
At the request of his widow, the last King sermon at Ebenezer Baptist Church was played at the funeral ceremony, a recording of the sermon "Drum Major" it, which was delivered on February 4, 1968. In that sermon, King delivered a request that at his funeral no mention of mention prizes and honorary titles ever gets, but that mentioned that he tried to "feed the hungry", "clothe the naked", "be true in war (Vietnam)", and "love and fight for humanity. "
His good friend Mahalia Jackson sang his favorite song, "Take My Hand, Precious Lord", at his funeral ceremony.
City of Memphis quickly resolve disputes with the victory was in the sanitation workers.
Two months after King's death, the fugitive James Earl Ray was captured at London Heathrow Airport while trying to leave the UK by using fake Canadian passports.
In 1971, King was rewarded, as posthumous, Grammy Award for Best Spoken World Album for his speech titled Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam. Six years later, presents the Presidential Medal of Freedom given to King by Jimmy Carter. King and his wife was also presented with the Congressional Gold Medal in 2004.
On January 31, 1977, US district Judge John Smith, Jr., ordered that all copies recordings and written transcripts resulting from the FBI's electronic investigator tool of King between 1963 to 1968 are stored in the National Archives and are prohibited from publicly accessible until years 2027.
In 1980, the Department of the Interior to change the childhood home of King in Atlanta and several nearby houses became National Historic Site, Martin Luther King.
In the Rose Garden of the White House on 2 November, 1983 President Ronald Reagan signed a bill to establish a federal holiday to honor King. Held the first time on January 20, 1986, the holiday was called Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Following the determination by President George H.W. Bush in 1992, the holiday held on the third Monday of January each year, near the time of birth of the King.
On January 17, 2000, for the first time, Martin Luther King, Jr. is officially commemorated in the fifty US states.
Lorraine Motel, where King was killed, now the site of the Civil Rights Museum National. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: December 9, 2014 at 20:57
Tag : Martin Luther King Jr.
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