Lighthouse is a tower building with a light source at the top to help navigate ships. Light sources used range from light to the lens and (in ancient times) fire.
Because this time of navigation of ships has grown rapidly with the help of GPS, the number of lighthouses in the world has been reduced to less than 1,500 pieces. Lighthouses are usually used to mark dangerous areas, such as corals and shallow marine areas.
One of the most famous lighthouse in the world is Pharos at Alexandria, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
History.
Ancient period.
Perhaps the most famous lighthouse in history is the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which was built on the island of Pharos in Hellenistic Egypt. The name Pharos is still used as a noun for "lighthouse" in some languages, for example: Albanian, Catalan, and Romanian (far), French (Phare), Italy, Spain, and Galicia (Faro), Portugal (Farol), Denmark, Norway , and Swedish (fyr), Bulgarian (ัะฐั), and Greece (ฯฮฌฯฮฟฯ). The term "pharology" (which is used in the study of lighthouses) also derives from the name of the island.
Lighthouse of Alexandria was built in 280 BC to serve as a supervisor port. With an estimated altitude varies between 115 and 135 meters (383-440 feet), the lighthouse is one of the tallest man-made structures on Earth for many centuries, and has been identified as one of the Seven Wonders of the World by classical writers.
Two lighthouses, each called the Pharos, built at Dover soon after the Roman conquest in the UK. They are located at two elevations (Elevation East and West Elevation) and models built for Caligula's aborted invasion at Boulogne. The author of China during the Tang Dynasty, Jia Dan, wrote in his book (written between AD 785-805) that in the sea route forming the mouth not in the Persian Gulf, the medieval Iranians, have established large towers that serve as a beacon. Confirming the reports of Chinese writing, a century later, Arab writers al-Mas'udi and al-Muqaddasi wrote about the same lighthouse.
In China, the medieval mosque at Canton had a tower that serves as a beacon. Then, make the Song Dynasty Chinese pagoda tower built in medieval Hangzhou, known as the Liuhe Pagoda (founded in 1165), also served as a lighthouse for sailors along the Qiantang River.
During the Dark Ages, Roman lighthouses eventually abandoned and no longer used, but some remained functional, such as the "Farum Brigantium" which is now known as the Tower of Hercules in A Coruรฑa, Spain, and others who are still standing in the Mediterranean Sea.
Along increased navigation, lighthouses gradually expanded into Western and Northern Europe. One of the oldest working lighthouse in Europe is "Hook Lighthouse" located at Hook Head, County Wexford, Ireland. Built during the medieval period, in a sturdy circular design. A century later, in the Late Middle Ages, a 40-foot tower was built by Edward the Black Prince in Cordouan near Gironde, France. One hundred years later, in 1581, Henri III asked architect Louis de Foix to survey and estimate repair costs. High costs led to de Foix contracted for three years to eventually build a new one.
Build the lighthouse required twenty-seven years and finally completed in 1611. Terraced Cordouan it symbolizes the power and prestige of the French maritime. King get the luxury apartment interior, decorated pillars and murals. The upper level was rebuilt in 1788 and still active lighthouse since then. The tower later became the first lighthouse building which uses the revolutionary Fresnel lens, around the beginning of 1820. When visiting the building at the time, a Briton, Robert Stevenson, was very impressed with the work being done with the new light. She seeks to expand the use of the lens in Scotland, mainly driven by the demands of the Age of Sail, lighthouse development can be done more quickly.
Classical period.
Construction of the lighthouse experiencing rapid development process that is constructed around the 17th century by Britain's Trinity House on the first building in 1609, and began construction of a national lighthouse services established in Denmark (1650).
In the UK, Eddystone lighthouse was first lit the light in 1698, although the third incarnation was the most enduring, designed by John Smeaton and finished in 1759. England, as the owner of the dominant sea power, lighthouse built by the Stevenson family for the Northern Lighthouse Board began to appear in Scotland.
Lighthouse, which first appeared in North America is in St.. Augustine, who is described on the map Boazio and printed in London in 1791. Menendez build the lighthouse tower after landing in 1586. Boazio interviewed the crew upon their return from piracy Drake St. Augustine.
The next lighthouse built in America was Boston Light on Little Brewster Island (1716). His first keeper was George Worthylake who drowned along with his wife and daughter, when returning to the island in 1718. Original tower was destroyed by the British during the evacuation of Boston, which in turn was built back in 1784.
The oldest existing lighthouse in the United States is Hook Lighthouse, NJ (1764), and is still operational today. At the end of the 19th century, the United States has a long coastline, has the most lighthouses compared to most other countries in the world.
The U.S. Lighthouse Bureau started was formed in 1789 through Law # 9 of the first Congress the first time put the lighthouse under federal control. Over the years, the lighthouse was placed under the direction of the Department of Revenue (this department was disbanded in 1820), the Ministry of Finance (until 1903), and later in the Department of Commerce. Lighthouse Board (of the U.S. Lighthouse founder) held power from 1852 until July 1, 1910 when the trade creating lighthouse service. Then the United States Coast Guard (U.S. Coast Guard) take over on July 7, 1939.
After 1852, the U.S. was divided into lighthouse districts; originally eight, but then eventually to 19 pieces. Each district is run by a Naval Officer (Navy military officer (AL)) is appointed by the Lighthouse Board as an inspector in every district. They run the district with the help of the Army Corps of Engineers officer, who is responsible for the problems that are the engine (technical). In 1910, civilians started replacing the military officers to take over the management of the lighthouse.
The first lighthouse in Canada was the Louisbourg Light built by the French in Nova Scotia in 1734. This lighthouse was destroyed during the Siege of Louisbourg in 1758. The British built the Sambro Island Light at Halifax, Nova Scotia in the same year that so far has survived so have made it into menrcusuar oldest lighthouse in North America. Network lighthouse built by the British-North American colonies united in 1867 by the Canadian government which greatly expanded the Canadian lighthouse system through the Department of maritime, mainly through economical wooden lighthouses are managed by the family.
Matters relating to the lighthouse to be very labor intensive to extremes in the classic era of lighthouse operation. Lighthouse keepers needed to trim the wick, refueling, ensure engine work hour winds, and perform maintenance tasks such as cleaning lenses and windows.
In 1907, Nils Gustaf Dalen produce valves that can make solar flare (the top of which deliver light) turns on at night and off during daytime automatically. The first lighthouse was established with this technology is Furuholmen lighthouse that sits between Stockholm and Vaxholm. In 1912 Dalen awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of the magnitude of 'automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses'.
Dalen's discovery, electrification and automatic lamp changers began to make lighthouse keepers using and no longer needed. Over the years, lighthouses still had keepers, partly because lighthouse keepers could serve as a rescue service if necessary. Improvements in maritime navigation and safety such as GPS have led to the removal of non-automated lighthouses gradually, and begins with the removal of the last lighthouse keeper in the 1990s.
Modern Era.
Often in remote and difficult to access, modern lighthouse work is much more functional but not very artistic and beautiful, because usually they use solar batteries are rechargeable and have a single spotlight that can not be changed place standing in the frame steel tower lighthouse.
The last lighthouse was constructed using human officers in the United States, the Charleston Light in 1962. Resembling tower air traffic control, this tower has a modern triangular shape, with a layer of aluminum alloys, air conditioning, and elevator. So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/03/did-you-know-about-lighthouse.html
DatePublished : March 28, 2014 at 16.32
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Tag : Did You Know About Lighthouse.
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