Did you Filariasis.

Filariasis is an infectious zoonotic disease that is commonly found in tropical areas around the world. The cause is a group of parasitic worms belonging nemtoda superfamilia Filarioidea that cause infections resulting in the appearance of edema. The common symptoms seen are the elephantiasis, such as enlargement of the lower leg (foot) and scrotum (scrotum), so that the disease in layman known as elephantiasis. However, this enlargement symptoms are not always caused by filariasis.
Filariasis is usually grouped into three types, based on body parts or tissues that become breeding places: lymphatic filariasis, filariasis subcutaneous (under the skin tissue), and serous cavity filariasis (serous cavity). Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. Symptoms of elephantiasis (thickening of the skin and underlying tissues) actually just caused by lymphatic filariasis is. B. timori known to rarely attacks the genitals, but W. bancrofti can affect the legs chest and genitals. Filariasis caused by Loa loa subcutaneous (African eye worm), Mansonella streptocerca, Onchocerca volvulus, and Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm). They inhabit a layer of fat under the skin layer. The latter type of filariasis caused by Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi, which inhabit the abdominal cavity. All of these parasites spread by blood-sucking mosquitoes or flies, or, for Dracunculus, by kopepoda (crustacean).
In addition to elephantiasis, is a form of attack that appears blindness Onchocerciasis Onchocerca volvulus due to infection by and migration of microfilariae through the cornea. Filariasis is found in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, with 120 million people infected. WHO launched a program filariasis-free world by 2020.

Elephant Foot Disease (filariasis or elephantiasis).

Elephant Foot Disease (filariasis or elephantiasis) is a class of infectious
diseases caused by filarial worms are transmitted by various species of mosquito. After being bitten mosquitoes, parasites (larvae) will spread and when it comes to network lympa system then develops into the disease.


This disease is chronic (chronic) and if not treated, can cause permanent disability in the form of enlargement of the legs, arms and genitals of both women and men. Elephant Foot Disease is not a deadly disease, however, the patient may be something that feels shameful even can interfere with daily activities.
Elephant Foot Disease commonly found in many tropical regions. According to info from the WHO, the order states that there are patients experiencing disease elephantiasis is South Asia (India and Bangladesh), Africa, the Pacific and the Americas. Later many of them occurring in Thailand and Indonesia (South East Asia).

Elephant Foot Disease Transmission.

The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes which suck the blood of someone who has been infected previously. Infected blood and contain larvae and would be transmitted to another person when an infected mosquito bite or suck the blood of the person.

Unlike malaria and dengue fever, filariasis can be transmitted by 23 species of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, Aedes & Armigeres. Because of this, filariasis can spread very quickly.
Signs and Symptoms of Elephant Foot Disease.
A person infected with elephantiasis disease usually occurs in childhood, where in a long time (many years) began to be felt development.
Acute symptoms that may occur include;
* Fever repeatedly for 3-5 days, fever may be lost when the break and emerged again after strenuous work.
* Swollen lymph nodes (with no injuries) groin area, armpits (lymphadenitis), which looks redness, heat and pain.
* Inflammation of the lymph nodes that drain was hot and the pain radiating from the base of the foot or base of the arm towards the end (retrograde lymphangitis).
* Filarial abscess due to frequent suffering from swollen lymph nodes, it can rupture and ooze pus and blood.
* Enlargement of the legs, arms, breasts, testicles that look a bit red and feels hot (early lymphodema).
While the chronic symptoms of the disease elephantiasis is a persistent enlargement (elephantiasis) in the legs, arms, breasts, testicles (elephantiasis skroti).
Elephant Foot Disease Diagnostic Examination.
Disease elephantiasis is usually detected through microscopic examination of blood, until today it is still considered difficult because of microfilaria just show up and present themselves in the blood at night for a few hours (nocturnal periodicity).
In addition, various inspection method was also performed to diagnose the disease elephantiasis. Among them is the system known as membrane Networking, Methods Knott concentration and deposition techniques.
Method is closer towards the examination and diagnosis recognized by the WHO is the way the system checks "test card", It is very simple and sensitive to detect the spread of parasites (larvae). Namely by taking a finger prick sample of blood droplets at a time when the system at any time, not necessarily at night.

Handling and Treatment of Elephant Foot Disease.

The main objective in the early treatment of patients with elephantiasis disease is to eradicate parasites or larvae that develop in the patient's body, so that the transmission rate can be reduced and reduced.
Dietilkarbamasin {diethylcarbamazine (DEC)} is the only drug that is effective for both filariasis bancrofti filariasis and malayi, is makrofilarisidal and mikrofilarisidal. The drug is relatively inexpensive, safe and no drug resistance. Patients receiving this drug therapy may provide local and systemic adverse reactions are temporary and easily treated with symptomatic medication.
Dietilkarbamasin can not be used for khemoprofilaksis. Treatment was given orally after dinner, quickly absorbed, reaching peak concentration in the blood within 3 hours, and is excreted through the urine.  Dietilkarbamasin not be given to children younger than 2 years old , pregnant / lactating women, and people with severe illness or in a weakened state .
But in the case of elephantiasis disease severe enough (already enlarged) because it is not detected early, in addition to the provision of drugs would require further measures such as surgery.

Elephant Foot Disease Prevention.

For patients with disease awareness elephants are expected to check their medicine and get treatment drugs that do not spread the infection to other people . For that we need the education and the introduction of disease to patients and the surrounding community .
Eradication of mosquitoes each region is essential to break the chain of transmission of this disease. Keeping the environment clean is important to prevent the development of mosquitoes in the area.
Recognize the symptoms of the disease elephantiasis.
Anyone can be affected by this chronic disease. Once infected with microfilariae from mosquito bites, there are three conditions that may occur.
- First, there are no symptoms (asymptomatic). People do not feel sick. No complaints whatsoever, but can transmit the microfilariae in the body to another Horang tubu.
- Second, if symptoms of acute infection due to inflammation. So, there is a sudden fever, pain, swelling, a sign of inflammation of the lymph nodes.
- Third, many forms of chronic infections found in the community, namely the limfaa blockages that can cause swelling in the legs, arms also (when lymph nodes in the underarm area exposed, so that the women can also cause swelling in the breast).
In men, besides the legs, genital area can also be affected, resulting in swelling in the scrotum (balls).
But of the three processes, the first most dangerous condition because it has no symptoms, so that the people affected do not seek treatment, but when the process of transmission to others who are healthy can happen.
Meanwhile, the symptoms of acute filariasis may include recurrent fever for three to five days. Fever may be lost when the break and appeared again after work.
It could also be swelling of lymph nodes (without any cuts) in the groin area, armpits looked redness, heat, and pain. Also occurs tract inflammation of lymph nodes that feel heat and pain radiating from the base of the leg or arm toward the end.
Can also be formed lymph node abscess may burst and ooze pus and blood. Occurs also enlarged legs, arms, breasts, and testicles that look a bit reddish and feels hot.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 5, 2014 at 12:11
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About gigantism.

Gigantism. 

Gigantism is a condition of a person that excess growth, with a large high above normal. Gigantism caused by the excessive amount of growth hormone. No reference high-definition as a "giant". Adults with high gigantism could reach 2.25 to 2.40 meters.

Dwarfism. 

Dwarfism is a condition of a person that lacks growth, with a low and a little below normal. Dwarfism caused by a shortage of growth hormone. There is a low definition refer as "tiny". Adults with dwarfism high can be as high as about 1.25 to 1.40 meters.

Gigantism is a medical condition characterized by excessive growth in children before the bone growth stops due to excessive production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland which is usually the result of a tumor in the pituitary gland.
It is the same with acromegaly are also characterized by excessive growth due to excessive production of growth hormone. However, acromegaly occurs in people who are already covered discs bone (bone growth has stopped) and usually occurs in adults.
Children suffering from gigantism it shows excessive bone growth and causes their abnormally high for their age and have hands, toes and fingers and a very large head.
Also occur in patients with enlargement of internal organs such as the kidneys, brain and heart.
Early treatment is needed because these conditions could potentially be life-threatening conditions such as heart failure and diabetes.

The symptoms of gigantism.

* Irregular menstruation.
* Muscle weakness.
* Excessive sweating.
* Having trouble with peripheral vision (side).
* Suffering from headaches.
* The release of breast milk.
Thickening of facial features.
* Double vision (diplopia).
* Tall stature.
* Jaw prominent.
* Hands and feet with fingers and a foot thick.
The cause of gigantism is the production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland that is excessive.
Which can increase the risk of gigantism.
The risk increases if you are infected with gigantism;
* Have been diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis.
* Have been diagnosed with pituitary tumors.

Complications that can be the caused by gigantism.

* Can lead to the development of hypertension.
* It may have a higher risk for heart failure Kongesif.
* May suffer delayed puberty.

Prevention and treatment of gigantism.

To date there is no specific prevention and treatment for gigantism was until now there is no available for gigantism.

Dwarfism - What is dwarfism?

Dwarfism is short stature due to certain medical conditions. Is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm), although this definition is problematic because short stature in itself is not impaired.
Dwarfism can be caused by about 200 distinct medical conditions.
'' No'' dwarfism is characterized by one or more parts of the body are relatively large or small compared with those of normal adult, with growth abnormalities in specific areas clear.
In cases'' proportional'' dwarfism, the body appears normally proportioned, but very small.
Historically, the term midget was used to describe "proportionate dwarfs"; However, this term has now become offensive and demeaning.
Hypotonia, or lack of muscle, is common to say, but intelligence and lifespan are usually normal.
Achondroplasia is a disorder of bone growth that is responsible for 70% of dwarfism cases.
There is no single treatment for dwarfism. Individual abnormalities, such as impaired bone growth, can sometimes be treated through surgery, and some hormone disorders can be treated through medication, but it is usually not possible to treat the symptoms of dwarfism.
Often lifestyle changes necessary to overcome the effects of dwarfism. Such devices as specialized furniture often help people with dwarfism to function normally.
Many support groups help people with dwarfism cope with the challenges they face and to develop and maintain their independence.
Dwarfism is a highly visible condition and often carries a negative connotation in society. They are unusual heights, people with dwarfism are often used as spectacles in entertainment and portrayed with stereotypes.
For people with dwarfism, heightism can lead to taunt in childhood and discrimination in adulthood.
Short stature can be inherited without any other disease. Short stature in the absence of an abnormal medical condition is not generally considered dwarfism. For example, a short man and a short woman who was in normal health will tend to produce children who are also short and in normal health.
While short parents tend to produce short children, people with dwarfism may produce children of normal height, if they are not the cause of dwarfism is a genetic disease, or if the individual does not pass on genetic mutations.
Many types of dwarfism impossible to prevent because they are genetically caused. Genetic conditions that cause dwarfism may be identified by genetic, by screening for certain disorders that lead to the condition. However, due to a number of causes of dwarfism, it may be impossible to determine definitively if a child will be born with dwarfism.
Dwarfism caused by malnutrition or hormonal abnormalities can be treated with proper diet or hormonal therapy. Growth hormone deficiency can be improved by injection of human growth hormone (HGH) during the period.
Genetic defects of most forms of dwarfism caused by bone dysplasia can not be repaired, so the usual therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing or reducing pain or physical disability, increasing adult height, or reduce psychosocial stress and enhancing social adaptation.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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DatePublished: March 5, 2014 at 11:24
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Hansen disease.

A 24-year -old man suffering from leprosy .

Hansen's disease or Morbus Hansen's disease formerly known as leprosy or leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that previously, only known to be caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium Mycobacterium lepromatosis until discovered by the University of Texas in 2008, which led to a kind of leprosy endemic in Mexico and Caribbean, more specifically known as diffuse lepromatous leprosy. While the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae was discovered by a Norwegian scientist named Gerhard Henrik Hansen Armauer in 1873 as the pathogen that causes the disease has long been known as leprosy. Nowadays leprosy be referred to as Hansen's disease, not only to appreciate the hard work the inventor, but also because it has the word leprosy and leper so negative connotation, so the more neutral naming applied to reduce the social stigma that is not supposed to be suffered by leprosy patients.
This disease is a type of granulomatous disease in the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and skin lesions are a sign that can be observed from the outside. If left untreated, leprosy can be progressive, causing damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes. Unlike the myths that circulate in society, leprosy does not cause the release of the body which is so easy, as the disease tzaraath.

History. 

That said, leprosy has been attacking humans since 300 BC, and was known to the ancient Chinese civilization, ancient Egypt, and India. In 1995, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that two to three million people were permanently disabled because of leprosy. Although the isolation or separation of patients with less perceived community needs and unethical, some groups of people can still be found in many parts of the world, such as India and Vietnam.
Effective treatment of leprosy found in fabric finishing 1940s with the introduction of dapsone and its derivatives. However, the bacteria that causes leprosy has gradually become resistant to dapsone and become increasingly diffuse. This occurs until the discovery of multidrug treatment in the early 1980s and the disease was able to be handled again.

Traits. 

Skin lesions on the thigh. 

Clinical manifestations of leprosy are very diverse, but mainly on the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. Patients with this disease can be further grouped into 'tuberculoid leprosy (UK: paucibacillary), lepromatous leprosy (multibacillary Hansen's disease), or multibacillary leprosy (borderline leprosy).
Multibacillary leprosy, with intermediate severity, the type that is often found. There are skin lesions that resemble tuberculoid leprosy but more numerous and irregular; great part can disrupt the whole limb, and peripheral nerve disorders with weakness and loss of taste stimuli. This type is unstable and may be as leprosy lepromatous or tuberculoid leprosy.
Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by one or more hypopigmented skin macules and parts that do not taste (anesthetic).
Leprosy lepormatosa associated with lesions, nodules, plaques symmetrical skin, the dermis skin thinning, and the development of the nasal mucosa that causes blockage of the nose (nasal congestion) and epistaxis (nose bleed), but the detection of nerve damage is often too late.
Not in line with the existing myths or beliefs, this disease does not cause the decay of the body. According to research long by Paul Brand, stated that the inability to feel stimulation in the limbs often cause sores or lesions. Today, leprosy can also cause problems in people with AIDS.

Cause. 

Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy. An acid-resistant bacteria M. leprae also an aerobic bacteria, gram-positive, rod-shaped, and dikelilimgi by candles cell membrane that is characteristic of Mycobacterium species.
M. leprae can not be cultured in the laboratory.

Pathophysiology. 

Exact mechanism of transmission is unknown. Several hypotheses have been put forward as the presence of close contact and transmission from the air.
In addition to humans, animals can be affected with leprosy is the armadillo, chimpanzees, and crab-eating monkeys. There is evidence that not everyone who is infected by the bacteria M. leprae suffering from leprosy, and genetic factors are also thought to play a role, after through research and observation in leprosy groups in a particular family. It is not known why it can also happen that different types of leprosy on each individual. Nutritional insufficiency factors are also believed to be the causative factor.
The disease is often believed that the transmission is caused by contact between infected persons and healthy persons. In incidence studies, infection rates for contacts of lepromatous leprosy varied from 6.2 per 1000 per year in Cebu, Philippines to 55.8 per 1000 per year in South India.
Two exit of M. leprae from the human body are the skin and the nasal mucosa. It has been proven that lepromatous cases show the presence of a number of organisms in the dermis of the skin. However still not been proven that these organisms may migrate to the surface of the skin. Although there are reports that ditemukanya acid-resistant bacteria in the skin epithelium deskuamosa, Weddel et al reported that they did not find bacteria resistant to acid in the epidermis. In a recent study, Job et al found that a large number of M. leprae in the superficial keratin layer of the skin in lepromatous leprosy patients. This forms a prediction that the organism could exit through the sweat glands.
The importance of the nasal mucosa has been proposed by Schaffer in 1898.
The number of bacteria from nasal mucosal lesions in lepromatous leprosy, according to Shepard, between 10,000 and 10,000,000 bacteria. Pedley reported that the majority of lepromatous patients showed the presence of bacteria in their nasal secretions.
Davey and Rees indicated that nasal secretions from lepromatous patients could produce 10 million organisms per day.
The entrance of M. leprae into the human body is still a question mark. It is currently estimated that the skin and upper respiratory tract into the gate of entry of bacteria. Rees and McDougall have successfully tried transmission of leprosy through aerosols in mice suppressed immune systems. The report also noted the successful trials on mice by exposure to bacteria in the nasal cavity.
Many scientists believe that the respiratory tract are the most possible entry of bacteria into the gate, however opinions on the skin can not be excluded.
The incubation period of leprosy surely can not be argued. Some researchers attempted to measure the incubation period. The minimum incubation period reported is a few weeks, based on a case of leprosy among young infants. The maximum incubation period reported for 30 years. It is based on observations are reported on war veterans who've exposed in endemic areas and then move to a non-endemic area. In general, it has been agreed that the average incubation period of leprosy is 3-5 years.

Treatment. 

Until the development of dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine in the 1940s, there is no effective treatment for leprosy. However, dapsone is only bactericidal drug (exterminator bacteria) are weak against M. leprae. Single use dapsone causing bacteria become resistant populations. In the 1960s, dapsone is not used anymore.
The search for anti-leprosy drugs better than dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine eventually discovered in the 1960s and 1970s.

Drugs multidrug therapy of leprosy. 

Later on, Shantaram Yawalkar and colleagues formulated a combined therapy using rifampicin and dapsone, to outsmart bacterial resistance. Multidrug therapy and a combination of the above three drugs was first recommended by a WHO Expert Committee in 1981. This method became standard multidrug treatment. Three of these drugs not be used as a single agent to prevent bacterial immunity or resistance.
Therapy over quite expensive, and therefore quite difficult to get into the endemic countries. In 1985, leprosy remains a public health problem in 122 countries. At the World Health Assembly (WHA) in Geneva 44th, 1991, passed a resolution to remove leprosy as a public health problem in 2000, and sought to be pressed into 1 case per 100,000. WHO is mandated to develop strategies for the elimination of leprosy.
Working Group on Chemotherapy of Leprosy, WHO reported in 1993 and recommended two types of standard multidrug therapy. The first is the treatment for 24 months for lepromatous leprosy with rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone. The second is a 6-month treatment for tuberculoid leprosy with rifampicin and dapsone.
Since 1995, the World Health Organization gave drug package terapoi free of leprosy in endemic countries, through the Ministry of Health. This strategy will be walks up to the end of 2010.
Multidrug treatment is still effective and no longer infected patients in the first month of usage. This method is safe and easy. usage period has been listed on the drug packaging.

Epidemiology. 

Across the world, two to three million people are estimated to suffer from leprosy. India is the country with the largest number of patients, followed by Brazil and Myanmar.
In 1999, the incidence of leprosy in the world is estimated at 640,000, in 2000, 738 284 cases were identified. In 1999, 108 cases occurred in the United States. In 2000, WHO made a list of 91 leprosy endemic countries. 70% of cases in the world are India, Myanmar, and Nepal. In 2002, 763,917 cases found worldwide, and according to the WHO during the year, 90% of leprosy cases in the world are Brazil, Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania and Nepal.

Risk groups. 

Groups at high risk of leprosy were living in endemic areas with poor conditions such as inadequate bedding, unclean water, poor nutrition, and the presence of other diseases such as HIV investments that can suppress the immune system. Men have affected the level of leprosy two times higher than women.

Global situation. 

Table 1: Prevalence at beginning of 2006, and the trend of new case detection 2001-2005, excluding Europe
The prevalence areas listed
(Rate/10, 000 pop.)
The new cases were discovered in
Early 2006 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Africa 40,830 (0.56) 39,612 48,248 47,006 46,918 42,814
America 32,904 (0.39) 42,830 39,939 52,435 52,662 41,780
Southeast Asia 133,422 (0.81) 668,658 520,632 405,147 298,603 201,635
Eastern Mediterranean 4,024 (0.09) 4,758 4,665 3,940 3,392 3,133
Western Pacific 8,646 (0.05) 7,404 7,154 6,190 6,216 7,137
Total 219,826 763,262 620,638 514,718 407,791 296,499
Table 2: Prevalence and Discovery
The prevalence countries listed
(Rate/10, 000 pop.)
The discovery of new cases
(Rate/100, 000 pop.)
Early 2004 Early 2005 Early 2006 During 2003 During 2004 During 2005
 Brazil 79,908 (4.6) 30,693 (1.7) 27,313 (1.5) 49,206 (28.6) 49,384 (26.9) 38,410 (20.6)
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 6,891 (1.3) 10,530 (1.9) 9,785 (1.7) 7,165 (13.5) 11,781 (21.1) 10,737 (18.7)
 Madagascar 5,514 (3.4) 4,610 (2.5) 2,094 (1.1) 5,104 (31.1) 3,710 (20.5) 2,709 (14.6)
 Mozambique 6,810 (3.4) 4,692 (2.4) 4,889 (2.5) 5,907 (29.4) 4,266 (22.0) 5,371 (27.1)
 Nepal 7,549 (3.1) 4,699 (1.8) 4,921 (1.8) 8,046 (32.9) 6,958 (26.2) 6,150 (22.7)
 Tanzania 5,420 (1.6) 4,777 (1.3) 4,190 (1.1) 5,279 (15.4) 5,190 (13.8) 4,237 (11.1)
Total 112,092 60,001 53,192 80,707 81,289 67,614
As had been reported by WHO in 115 countries and territories in 2006 and published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record, the registered prevalence of leprosy at the beginning of 2006 was 219 826 cases. The discovery of new cases in the previous year tends to 296,499 cases. The reason the number is higher than the annual discovery late prevalence explained by the fact that the proportion of new cases that treatment was completed in the same year so it is no longer included registered prevalence. The invention is globalization of the new cases show a decline.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 5, 2014 at 09:46
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What do you think.

Whenever there is an event like this, the world would end. 

Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 4, 2014 at 22:53

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Voodoo ritual.

Voodoo was brought to Haiti by slaves from West Africa. And this time, Voodoo is one of the three recognized religions in Haiti. Hundreds of followers of voodoo come to Souvenance on Easter weekend to pay respects to the spirits.

Here is a picture / photo voodoo ceremony that was held in the town of Souvenance, Haiti.

A number of people swimming in the sacred in Voodoo ceremony in Souvenance, Haiti. 

A man dressed in bloody animal sacrifice led Voodoo ceremony in Souvenance, Haiti. 

A number of people dancing wearing clothes smeared with blood of sacrificial animals in Souvenance, Haiti. 

A number of people dancing wearing clothes smeared with blood of sacrificial animals in Souvenance, Haiti. 

A number of people swimming in the sacred in Voodoo ceremony in Souvenance, Haiti. 

A number of people dancing wearing clothes smeared with blood of sacrificial animals in Souvenance. 

Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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DatePublished: March 4, 2014 at 22:34
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Tag ; Voodoo ritual.

Black magic or religion.

voodoo doll can be deadly

Hear or read the word voodoo, ethniqers sure you were thinking about a black magic ritual of Africa, which holds a doll which is then stuck a nail into the doll with the intention to harm someone who intended to hurt.
It might look like science or witchcraft of Java as well as Bali Leak, Cindaku of Jambi, Palasik of Minangkabau and other black sciences in Indonesia with various names and different procedures.
In spite of it all The term Voodoo (Vodun in benin also Vodou, voudou, or other spelling which sounds similar in haiti, Vudu in the Dominican Republic) is given to the branches of a spiritist animist religious tradition originating from the west African nation's ancestors.
Its roots are diverse and include the nation Fon, Ewe, and Yoruba from West Africa, from Nigeria Ghana west to east. In Benin, Vodun is the national religion.
Voodoo is a derivative of the oldest religions in the world that have been known to exist in Africa since the beginning of human civilization. Some conservative estimate of civilization and religion there are already more than 10,000 years ago on earth.
long before the Europeans start the slave trade, the structure of Voodoo, as we know it today, was born in Haiti during the European colonization of Hispaniola.
The word "voodoo" comes from the West African word "vodun," meaning spirit. It is the religious practice of Afro-Caribbean mix of many African ethnic groups such as Fon, the Nago, the Ibos, Dahomeans, Congos, Senegalese, Haussars, Caplaous, Mondungues, Mandinge, Angolese, Libya, Ethiopia and Malgaches.
in a ritual ceremony in the beginning they started calling not only their own gods, In the process they adopted and modified rituals of various ethnic groups. The result of the fusion of religious groups of different integrated in their beliefs, thus creating a new religion: Voodoo. The Essence of Voodoo

In their beliefs no sacred cycle between the living and the dead. they believe that by performing rituals by praying, drumming, dancing, singing, and animal sacrifices will bring happiness and avoid trouble.
Music and dance are key elements to Voodoo ceremonies.  The ceremony is often called " Dancing the Night " or " Voodoo Dancing " because according to their beliefs dance is an expression of spirituality , relationships with divinity and the spirit world .
Voodoo is a practical religion, plays an important role in one's family and community ancestors, for example, is believed to be part of the spirit world. Another aspect of Voodoo ceremony is that the followers or adherents of these beliefs often come to their priest or pastor to seek advice, spiritual guidance, or ask for help for their problems. Voodoo priests or pastors that provide assistance such as healing through the use of herbs or medicines (using knowledge that has been passed down within the religion itself), or healing through faith itself as is common in other religions. Voodoo also taught respect for nature.
Unfortunately , public perception about voodoo ceremonies and rituals seems often pointed to the side of evil or dangerous thing , then cornering the perception that religion is wrong with evidence of healing spells , nature spells , love spells , purification spells , spells celebrations , spells to the gap . the rituals they may be called to bring the spirit of harmony and peace , birth and rebirth , luck improvement , material happiness , and health
Although Voodoo status as one of the world's oldest religions, usually characterized as barbaric, primitive practice, based on superstition and spectacle. When Haiti's French colonizers and Africans realize that religion is a threat to the colonial system, they banned all religious practices of Africa and will be severely punished for practitioners of Voodoo with imprisonment, flogging, and so forth. This religious struggle lasted for three centuries, but no punishment could be deadly against the beliefs of the African voodoo.
The process of acculturation helped Voodoo grown in culture conditions are harsh in many regions in the United States.
Voodoo survive as a legitimate religion in a number of regions in the world, Brazil where it is called "Candomble" and the English-speaking Caribbean are called "Obeah". Ewe people from the south and southeast "Togo Ghana"
on Thursday, April 10, 2003 the Government of Haiti has been officially approved voodoo as a religion, allowing practitioners to begin performing ceremonies from baptisms to marriages with legal authority. Many who practice voodoo praised the move, but still too much to do to remove bad presumption against voodoo.
Voodoo priest Philippe Castera said he hopes the government's decision is more than just an effort to win popularity amid economic and political problems. "Regardless of our contribution to Haitian culture, we are still misunderstood and despised,"
President Jean-Bertrand Aristide invited voodoo adherents and organizations to register in the Department of Religion. After making the oath in front of a civil judge, practical decision would be able to legally conduct ceremonies such as weddings and baptisms.
a former Roman Catholic priest, said he recognizes voodoo as a religion like any other, and a voodoo priest administered the presidential sash in the first inauguration in 1991 . "An ancestral religion, voodoo is an essential part of national identity," and institutions "represent the vast majority" of the 8.3 million inhabitants of Haiti, Aristide said in the decision. Voodoo practitioners believe in the Almighty God and the human spirit that connects with God.
Haiti's 1987 constitution recognizes religious equality. There are no reliable statistics on the number of adherents, but religion evolved from West African beliefs and developed further among slaves in the Caribbean who adopted elements of other Voodoo religion is an integral part of Haiti, literature, music, and movies.

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Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 4, 2014 at 22:09
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Tag ; Black magic or religion.

Did You Root Historic Voodoo.

Voodoo is a derivative of the oldest belief that has existed in Africa since the beginning of human civilization. It is estimated that civilization and that trust has been around for over 10,000 years. Voodoo is derived from the word "vodou." In the language of Adja-Tado Ewe / Fon, means vodou spirits. The origins of vodou in conjunction with the development of the kingdom of Ketu, Tado, Notsie and Allada (now Benin, Togo and southeastern Ghana) who later became a powerful and prestigious empire in West Africa.
Historical records show that the previous strong clan is part of the multi-ethnic descendants of the original group that consists of people who are known as " Yoruba , " founder of Ile Ife and Oyo dynasty . Alaketu , one of the sixteen sons of Oduduwa , regarded as the father of the lineage Adja . ( Ewe / Fon / Mina ) Because a lot of inter-ethnic conflict , Adja - Tado ( Ewe / Fon / Mina ) left sporadically moving south towards Ketu ( Ketou ) and Notsie , circa 1300an . Then they moved further south , establishing their first kingdom , Allada . Years later , some back to the north and occupy Abomey .
Adja - Tado is the name given to the first king of the village as well as a tribute to the founder of Abomey . One ancient legend says that the daughter of King Adja - Tado , when walking through the woods , approachable and " impregnated " by a supernatural seokor leopard gave birth to a son , Agasu . Thus , began early lineage of the kings of the divine . Children descent Agasu divided again and start reaching derah south . Establish and incorporate Allada kingdom ( Arada ) , Quidah / Whydah and Porto Novo into what eventually became the Empire of Dahomey Kingdom of Abomey as its capital .
Dahomey was ruled by a total of eleven kings , begun by King Wegbaja who ruled for nearly two centuries before then collapsed by the European powers . With the collapse of Dahomey , came the new reality in which culture , language and religion of Dahomey suppressed . Many pastors are being killed and imprisoned . Their temples destroyed . This forced some Dahomean Vodou Order form and creating an underground society in order to continue the worship of their ancestors and worship their gods .
Furthermore, during the era of colonization era of Hispaniola, the African slaves who came from the various ethnic groups that brought Haiti to face the facts and circumstances that allow them to develop voodoo. European colonists thought that by isolating the ethnic groups, among them will not form a community. However, the suffering of slavery, they began to call not only their gods, but also perform rites other than they know. In this process, they blend in and modify the rituals of various ethnic groups.
More than 30 African ethnic groups that play a role in developing voodoo, even before their arrival to Haiti. The ethnic groups in between Mina, Ewe, GWA, Tchamba, Adja, Yoruba, Nago, Goun, Holli, Aizo, Congo, Mahi, Bariba, Phila-Phila, Asante, Anlo-Ewe, Taneka, Fon, Ibos, Dindi , Peulh, Senegal, Haussars, Caplaous, Mondungues, Mandinge, Angolese, Libya, Ethiopia, Malgaches Nuseuwex / Loko, Gorovodu, Dahomey, and Atikevodou Mamaissii. While vodou Dahomey in West Africa is the mother of all forms of syncretic vodoun (voodoo) is practiced in the New World.
In voodoo people unfamiliar term fluke. Voodoo practitioners believe that everything does not have a life of their own. Something affects something else. During their ritual prayers, drumming, dancing, singing and animal sacrifice.
Figure snake in the voodoo belief is very important. Therefore, the word voodoo then translated as "snake under the auspices gather all who share those beliefs." High priest called Papa or Maman often seen as the expression of the power of the serpent bearer who gave the advice, spiritual guidance, help the problem, offering assistance such as healing through the use of herbs and medicines or healing through faith, as it is known in other religions. Their supreme deity called Bon Dieu, and there are hundreds of spirits called Loa who control nature, health, wealth and human happiness. The Loa form a pantheon of gods that includes Damballah, Ezili, Ogu, Agwe, Legba and others. During voodoo ceremonies take place Loa may have (possess) the body where the participants of the ceremony participants who possessed it would submit suggestions, warnings and desires.

Music and dance are key elements in a voodoo ceremony. The ceremony is often referred to by whites as "Night Dancing" or "Voodoo Dancing." Dancing is not only the beginning of a sexual frenzy, as it is often portrayed. The dance is an expression of spirituality, relationships with divinity and the spirit world. Spirit, which according to its practitioners, can be called to bring harmony and peace, increase abundance, luck, health, happiness matter.

On the view that voodoo is something barbaric, primitive and immoral sexual practices are based on superstition, is inseparable from the history of the enslavement of Africans by Europeans. Also contained in the abolition of slavery to the language, culture, heritage and beliefs that voodoo should also be eliminated. When the French colonized Haiti, a realization that the religion and beliefs of Africa is a threat to the colonial system so dilaranglah all practice. The voodoo practitioners imprisoned, flogged and hanged. Therefore, to survive, voodoo also adopted various elements of the Christian religion. Voodoo struggle lasted for three centuries and there's no punishment that could turn it off. Acculturation process also helps Voodoo grow in many areas in the United States. Voodoo survive in a number of countries. In Brazil, for example, voodoo called "Candombli." Ewe people in southern Togo and southeastern Ghana known as a particularly devout.
In the process, also known as the term hoodoo. The term was introduced by the Anglo-African Americans who knew voodoo as a practice similar to magic. The magic of voodoo gris-gris made through the object and prayer is solely the work of the spirit, but it is a practice superstitious magic voodoo gris-gris are invested in the object, such as a doll, without the knowledge of the spirit.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/03/did-you-root-historic-voodoo.html
DatePublished: March 4, 2014 at 21:37

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Tag : Did You Root Historic Voodoo.