The city of Pompeii.

Pompeii city located underlined the Mediterranean Sea, near the city of Naples (Neapolis) in South Italias. Pompeii is a large and bustling city during the reign of the Roman Emperor Neron. The city includes colonies of the Romans, inhabited by 20,000 people, 40% of them are among the slaves. Pompeii became a prosperous town of place in the summer cruise equipped villas, shrines or temples, theaters or performances, baths and arena matches (colisium / colesseum).
Now, there is nothing left of this town in addition to file an ancient relic. Pompeii is located under Vasuvius volcano with an elevation of 1,200 m above sea level. Pompeii city destroyed by a huge explosion Vasuvius mountain, super-powerful explosion that buried the city of Pompeii and Herkulaneum.
Eruption began spewing hot lava at noon , August 24, 79 AD ( 491 years before the birth of the Prophet Muhammad ) , which causes a cloud of smoke in layers like tree Shanbir that shut out the sun , turning day into a prolonged dark . Residents of Pompeii tried to run and shut himself inside the house to save
himself , but to no avail. Today it is the feast day of the Roman god of fire in confidence .

Pompeii hot lava buried the town and the mountain material for 1668 years until it was discovered in the year 1748 AD, which is concurrent finding of town Herkulaneum (Herculaneum). The discovery of the victims were found dead in one piece without any damage to their teeth even (still intact). Facial expression that unites all of the victims were fear and stared. At one point found the bodies hard. Because the dust is toxic lava that might be regarded as a natural-enter the body gets wet, so keep the shape and form of man and beast as it is.

From this discovery revealed how the characteristics of the city's rich and the prosperity of his people at that time . Many rich people live in luxury proud of their wealth . In this city there are network ( installation ) of water in the home , public bathrooms and the streets are neatly arranged with stones , there is also a sophisticated sea ports , as well as the stage - a stage play , and markets . Residual and trace their heritage show their attention to the art and carving ( sculpture ) , and city dwellers are ancient Roman citizens with all levels and social status , including slaves .
Immorality rampant in its history, the population of the city of Pompeii liked and most number one in terms of sin. They often hold adultery at home - their home, on the road - the road, almost every house is a house of prostitution. Many migrants from Greece and Venice are 'enjoying' women - women there, since the city was also a safe harbor by sailors.
Prior to this ruined city buried, people then ignored the signs of impending eruption. They did not bother with any small bumps of strong shocks, nor for the white cloud above the crater clot. Humans learn from when it was not the earthquake that destroyed the city once their 17 years earlier. They do not cry mengubris Roman emperor, neurons that leave the city. Perhaps the reason they are they look volcanic eruption brought much good. Dust is taken very rich with minerals that can be fertilizer for their crops so that fruitful. Rain water to irrigate their crops, and that due to the volcanic cloud that always brings. Many signs and will address a great eruption. A few days earlier severe shocks (earthquakes) are terrible most wells, also turn off the sources of spring water, while the dogs barking saddened by the silence of the birds.
All the signs were not in town to take heed by residents in the morning , while they were busy trade and laughter , amid the date of August 24, 79 AD , the human hearing frenzied horrendous , large rocks split , followed by hot lava , smoke , dust high flying lead the next half hour later the sky falling on the heads of all city residents Pompeii . Most of them managed to escape to the port , and the others hiding in homes and buildings . After that they all turn out to be the petrified corpse . In excavations trace the city found approximately 2000 corpses . Many of them squeezed the rocks that fell override the roofs of houses and buildings .
A few hours later, an abundant hot lava buried the town and scorched earth all forms of signs of life there. The city eventually buried up to 3 feet by hot ash and dust. After the incident bursts of hot rock from Mount Vesuvius, many found the bodies - dead bodies, and many of them died doing immoral (zina), some are doing it with similar and even known there were still a young age.
Similar is with the people of Lut event - ' alayhis - salaam ( the
inhabitants of Sodom ) is devastated by hail .
"If the people of the country in case of faith and piety, certainly we would be bestowed upon them blessings from the heaven and the earth, but they belied (Our signs) it, then We seized them due to his actions.
So if the population of these countries feel secure from the coming of Our wrath to them at night when they are sleeping on?
Or do they feel safe population of the Wrath of Allah (unexpected) / no feel safe from the punishment of Allah except the people who lose. "* (Surat al-A'raf :96-99)
God destroyed the Roman city dwellers, Pompeii, because they transgress in the earth and destroy many lives in every line. Among them happy performing fight between man and man or beast, which lasted until the death of one of the participants of the game.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 2, 2014 at 18:33
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Tag : The city of Pompeii.

Did You Know About Pompeii.

Pompeii was an ancient Roman city that was in ruins near the city of Naples and now in the region of Campania, Italy. Pompeii was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius Dust burying the town of Pompeii with everything in it as deep as several feet causing this city lost for 1,600 years before it was rediscovered by accident. Since then extracting back the city gives a superb view details about the life of a city in the heyday of the Roman Empire.

Today, the city of Pompeii is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Location. 

Pompeii is located at coordinates 40 ° 45'0 "N 14 ° 29'10" E, southeast of the city of Naples, near the modern town of Pompei today. The city stands on the site that is formed from lava flows to the north in the downstream river Sarno (ancient times called "Sarnus"). Currently the land is a bit far away on the mainland, but the first is an area that is close to the beach.
In the first century AD, Pompeii is just one of the cities that are located around the foot of Mount Vesuvius. The area is large enough population that became prosperous as a fertile agricultural region. Several small groups around the city like Pompeii Herculaneum also suffered damage or destruction by the eruption of Vesuvius tragedy.

Early history. 

City of Pompeii was established around the 6th century BC by people Osci or Oscan, which is a group of people in central Italy. At that time, the city has been used as a safe port by Greek and Phoenician sailors. When people Etruskan threatening attacks, the city of Pompeii allied with the Greeks who later mastered the Bay of Naples. In the 5th century BC Samnium people possess (and all cities in Campania). The new rulers impose their architecture and expand the area of ​​the city. It is also believed that during the occupation of the people Samnium, Rome was recaptured Pompeii for a while, but this theory has not been proven.
Pompeii took part in the war started by the cities of Campania against Rome, but in 89 BC it was besieged by Sulla. Although Social League troops led by Lucius Cluentius helping in the fight against Rome, in 80 BC Pompeii was forced to surrender after Nola conquered. Pompeii and then became a Roman colony with the name: Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompeianorum. The city became an important route for goods coming by sea and had to be sent to Rome or Southern Italy which is located along the Via Appia is not far away.
In 62 AD, a great earthquake devastate Pompeii with many other cities in Campania. In the period between AD 62 by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD large, it was rebuilt, probably more magnificent in the field of buildings and works of art from earlier.

Vesuvius buried the city of Pompeii. 

The residents of Pompeii, as those who live in that area now, have long been accustomed to the small vibration, but on February 5, 62 great earthquakes that cause considerable damage around the bay and particularly to Pompeii. Most of the damage was still not repaired when the volcano erupted. However, this may represent a tectonic earthquake than the earthquake that caused by rising magma inside the volcano there.
An earthquake the other, lighter, occurred at 64; This event is recorded by Suetonius in his biography of Nero, in De Vita Caesarum, and by Tacitus in Book XV of Annales because it occurs when Nero was in Naples and performed in a show for first time on a public stage. Suetonius recorded that the emperor did not care about the quake and continued singing until the song is finished, while Tacitus notes that the theater collapsed after the people in them were evacuated.
The writer Pliny the Younger wrote that earth tremors were "not so scary because it often occurs in Campania".
In early August of 79, springs and wells dry up. Mild earthquake tremors started in August 20, 79, and becoming more and more frequent in the next four days, but the warnings were not realized people, and on the afternoon of August 24, a deadly volcanic eruption occurs. The blast damaged the region, burying Pompeii and other residential areas. Incidentally Vulcanalia date coincided with the celebration of the Roman god of fire.
Eyewitness reports only one who survived and reliable about this event is recorded by Pliny the Younger in two letters to the historian Tacitus. Of his uncle's house at Misenum, about 35 km from the volcano, Pliny saw a remarkable phenomenon that occurs at the top of Mt. Vesuvius: a large dark cloud shaped like a pine tree emerged from the mouth of the mountain. After some time, the cloud quickly down the slopes of the mountain and covered everything around it, including the nearby sea.
"Cloud" which was described by Pliny the Younger is now known as a pyroclastic flow, which is a very hot cloud of gas, dust, and rocks that erupted from a volcano. Pliny says that several earthquakes felt at the time of the eruption was followed by a devastating earth tremors. He also noted that the dust also fell in the form of layers of very thick and the village where he was to be evacuated. The sea was sucked in and pushed backwards by an "earthquake", a phenomenon that is referred to by modern geologists as the tsunami.
The picture is then transferred to the fact that the sun was covered by the eruption and the daylight into darkness. His uncle, Pliny the Elder took the ship to examine some of these symptoms and rescue people who are trapped at the foot of the mountain.  Because they can not land near the volcano because of unfavorable winds and dust produced the eruption, Pliny the Elder went on to Stabiae approximately 4.5 km from Pompei . He died there the next day. In his first letter to Tacitus, nephew suspect that this is because his uncle inhaling toxic gases. However Stabiae 16 km away from the scene and his colleagues do not seem to be affected by sniffs the air, and therefore the possibility of death due to all the fat Pliny died of a stroke or heart attack.

Disappeared during the 16th century. 

Thick layer of dust covered the two cities, which are located near the foot of Mount Vesuvius, so both the city became lost and forgotten. Then the city of Herculaneum was rediscovered in 1738, and Pompeii in 1748. Both of these cities were exhumed from a thick layer of dust by freeing all the buildings and frescoes that are still intact. Actually, the city has been rediscovered in 1599 by an architect named Fontana that explores a new path for the river Sarno, but it takes more than 150 years later then an attempt / serious campaign undertaken to liberate the city from the barrow.
King Charles VII of two Sicilian very interested in these findings even until he was made king of Spain. Giuseppe Fiorelli took responsibility for the excavation in 1860. Until that moment Pompeii and Herculaneum thought to have gone forever. Later, Giuseppe Fiorelli was the one who suggested the use of injection techniques plaster to an empty room in which the victim's body has been destroyed Vesuvius to reshape the surface of their bodies perfectly.
There is a theory with no evidence to suggest that Fontana found some erotic frescos during excavations done, but because of the norms of decency are very strong when he buried the frescoes back. This was confirmed by excavation reports by other teams after stating that the excavation area showing the atmosphere had been exhumed and reburied.
Forum (building for social purposes), baths, some homes / buildings and some villas have well saved. A hotel (with an area of ​​1000 square meters) was found close to the location of the city. The hotel was then called "Grand Hotel Murecine".
The fact stated that Pompeii is the only site where the ancient city of the overall structure of the topography can be known with certainty without requiring modifications or additions. The city is not divided according to the patterns of the Roman city at large due to the ground surface that is not flat (the city is located at the foot of the mountain).  But the roads in the city are made straight and patterned on the pure tradition of the ancient Roman road surface consists of polygons stones and has buildings houses and shops on both sides of the road , follow the decumanus and Cardus . Decumanus are streets that stretch from east to west , while Cardus stretching from north to south .
Earthquakes, landslides and damage caused by volcanic eruptions.
An important research field is currently associated with the structures, which is being reconstructed, during the eruption (presumably damaged during the earthquake in 62 years). Most of the old paintings were damaged apparently covered with paintings newer, and modern tools are used to find the back of the picture frescoes that have been long hidden. The reason why these structures are still repaired 10 years after the eruption it is the fact that the frequency of explosions before the great explosion was getting smaller.
Most of the archaeological excavations at the site was only up to street level at 79 years of volcanic events. The excavations deeper in the older parts of Pompeii and prime examples of nearby drilling-drilling has shown the layers of sediment that indicates various other events that have hit the city before the explosion famous, because There are three layers of sediments that lie beneath the city are found in the upper layer of lava. Mingled with the sediments were also found by archaeologists small pieces of animal bones, ceramic pieces and pieces of plants. By using carbon dating, the oldest layer is estimated to come from the 8th century BC, around the time of the founding of the city. Two other layers separated from the other layers with a layer of soil or a well developed road made the Romans in the 4th century BC and the 2nd century BC. The theory behind the various layers of sediment is a great landslides, which may be driven by a prolonged rain. (Senatore, et al., 2004)
In the early excavations of this site, occasionally found holes in a layer of ash which contains the remains of human bones. Giuseppe Fiorelli proposed to fill the empty spaces with cement. What are the forms produced very accurate and terrible of Pompeiani (Pompeii citizens) who failed to escape, in the last moments of their lives. For most of them, the expression of fear was quite apparent.
Geologists have used the magnetic properties of rocks and pieces found in Pompeii to estimate the temperature piroklaktik flow that buried the city. When the molten rock it freezes again, the magnetic minerals in the rock record the direction of Earth's magnetic field. When the material was heated exceeded a certain temperature, known as the Curie temperature, the magnetic field may be the modified or completely re-arranged.
Analysis of more than 200 pieces of volcanic rock and fragments, such as roof tiles, show that the cloud of dust that heat up to 850 ° C when it emerged from the mouth of Vesuvius. The cloud was cooled to less than 350 ° C upon arrival in the city. Many of the materials analyzed experienced temperatures between 240 ° C to 340 ° C. Some areas showed a lower temperature, 180 ° C only There is a theory which says that the shocks may have led to mixing of cold air into the dust cloud. (Cioni, et al., 2004)

Unique inventions. 

City of Pompeii gives snapshot of the life of Romans in the first century city. This snapshot shows that Pompeii is a very lively city before the eruption. Evidence to provide guidance to the very detail of their daily lives. For example, on the floor of a house (home Sirico) a famous inscription Salve, lucru (Welcome, money), perhaps intended as humor, shows us a trading company owned by two colleagues, Sirico and Nummianus (however this may just nick name, since nummus means coin, money). In other homes, there are many detailed overview of the professions and categories, such as laundry workers (Fullones). Wine jugs bearing Vesuvinum (pun term in the trade). Graffiti carved on the walls tell us the name of a street.
When the eruption occurred, the city of Pompeii may have a population of 20,000 people and is located in an area where the Romans had their holiday villas. Many services are provided in the city of Pompeii is found, for example: Macellum (highway market supply of food), Pistrinum (milling wheat), Thermopolium (a type of bar that provides cold and hot beverages), cauporioe (small restaurant), and an amphitheater.
2002 Another discovery is equally important downstream Sarno revealed that the port also has many residents and residents living in Palafitte (village with houses jutting out over the lake), in a canal system that, according to the scientists, resembling the canals in Venice. But this fact remains to be studied further.

Pompeii in the world of popular entertainment. 

Pompeii used as the background of modern historical novel The Last Days of Pompeii and a British television series Up Pompeii, and the Robert Harris novel recently, Pompeii, a fiction story centered on the Aquarius (water channel expert) Marcus Attilius should repair the damage the aqueducts in the world, the Aqua Augusta, the broken somewhere around Mt. Vesuvius. In the visual arts, The Last Day of Pompeii is a famous painting by Russian-born Carlo Brullo.
In October 1971, the famous band Pink Floyd performing in an empty amphitheater in Pompeii 2,000 years old, in front of an audience consisting of the film crew including cameraman. The show is distributed as a film around the world, and later in the form of video. The director later add pictures and release space in the form of 'chunks director', which is now available on DVD.
Busch Gardens theme park in Williamsburg, Virginia show an attraction titled "Escape from Pompeii," (Escape from Pompeii), where it is the passengers riding the small boats were reportedly fleeing the city through the ruins of Pompeii while berguliran cities around them.
Rexford (Rex) Phillips, aka "Mondo Rexino," write, sing, read and produce an "audio book" 210 minutes titled Messenger From Pei (Envoy of Pei). This book tells of his assignment at the 10th Special Company of the U.S. Army in Korea. There he met, friends and ultimately develop intimate relationship with actress Debbie Reynolds. Various alternating current takes them on a journey into past lives, and especially in their escape from the "decadent Pei", just before the total destruction of the city, along with the last days "Pompeii", will be the depraved son. This work was made in 1992 and distributed on a limited basis.

Pompeii palaestra seen from the top of the stadium wall. The middle part of the sunken left filled with water and used to practice swimming or sea battle game. On the right (somewhat obscured by trees) is a sequence of points trees into charcoal, the remains of trees (each a hundred years old) from the palaestra burned in a volcanic eruption 79 years. Between them and the row of poles, there are rows of newly planted young trees as his successor.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 2, 2014 at 17:22
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Tag : Pompeii.

Indonesian name.

Indonesian name appears first in the Dutch colonial period . "Creator " is the word George Samuel Windsor Earl , a London-born lawyer , who along with James Richardson Logan , a Scottish -born lawyer , write as much as 96 page article in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia No. . 4 , 1850 with the title " The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago : Embracing Enquiries into the Continental Relations of the Indo - Pacific Islanders . "

They named Indian - Dutch residents from the western part of the Proto - Malay ( Melayu old ) and Deutero - Malay ( Young Malay ) , as Indunesians ( Indu , Latin , meaning : India ; Nesia , he is nesos origin , Greek language , meaning : archipelago ) . While the population in the region of eastern India and the Netherlands into the category of Melanesians ( Mela = black . Melanesian islands = black people ) . Therefore, the Earl himself then tend to use the term Malay - nesians , to name India's population - western Netherlands . Logan then change into Indonesian Indunesia ( Indos and Nesos , both derived from the Greek ) in his writings in the Journal .
Adolf Bastian , a German physician and ethnologist at the same time , who popularized the name Indonesia when traveling and research reports published in Berlin , which was published in 5 volumes of work ( 1864-1894 ) with the title " Rodel , oder die Inseln des malaysischen Archipels " ( German , meaning : "Indonesia , or the islands of the Malay islands " ) . Volume I , entitled Maluku , vol II Timor and surrounding islands , vol III Sumatra and Surrounding Areas , volumes IV Kalimantan and Sulawesi , Java and Closing volume V .

From ancient times until now , scientists prefer to use the term European / Latin or Greek word for naming things with respect to scientific , as well as the race to name the people in the Netherlands Malaya and western India .
Eduard Douwes Dekker , in his book " Max Havelaar " calling India - Netherlands with the name Insulinde Dutch variation for India Islands . When Indische Partij ( Party of India ) which was founded by his nephew was banned by the Dutch Government of India in 1913 , its members founded the party Insulinde .
Both Indunesia , Rodel or Insulinde all means Indian islands , to indicate the identity of the indigenous who live in the western region of India and the Netherlands , while those living in the east - Flores , Timor , Maluku and Papua - fact is the people of Melanesia ( Islands people black people ) .
The founders of this nation at the beginning of the independence movement wants to leave and abandon the name Netherlands - Indie , which means India Netherlands . Name creation is to distinguish invaders with British - India , which is India ruled by the British . Therefore - perhaps less attention to the meaning and impact in the later days of the Founding Fathers chose the word ' INDONESIA ' , for NATIONS , COUNTRY and LANGUAGE which at that time was ruled by the Dutch .
Which included the first use of the word Indonesia in the early 20s is the Indonesian Association in the Netherlands , formerly known as the Indische Vereeniging , which means it is the Union of India . Is a Dutch also , Prof. Cornelis van Vollenhoven , who in 1917 proposed to replace the word ' Indische ' to ' Indonesisch . ' In 1922 Indische Vereeniging ( Association of India ) officially became Indonesische Vereeniging ( Association of Indonesia) . In Indian - Dutch ( Netherlands - Indie ) , is Sam Queen Langie and the Indonesian Communist Party , known as the first to use the word INDONESIA .
So the Indonesian word hitherto used by the Republic of Indonesia means none other : India Islands .
Is the population in the archipelago do feel that this country is the right called " Islands of India " , or the judge , that this country is not a part of India ? If this nation agreed to leave the name coined by Europeans , then Indonesia is not the first country to change the name of relics of the colonial era .
Many countries after independence rename the "created" or given by the occupier, such as Ceylon became Sri Lanka , Burma became Myanmar , Indo - China into Vietnam , Rhodesia became Zimbabwe , the Gold Coast became Ghana , South - West Africa into Namibia , etc. .
In addition to Indonesia, which still uses the name of the " created" by the British and later popularized by the Germans , the country still uses the name of the colonial heritage is Philippines ( Philippines ) . When the Spaniards overran the area , as an offering to the king of Spain , Philip , was named Philippine colony .
Can be considered , to use the name that has been used 1000 years by our ancestors , which NUSANTARA .
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DatePublished: March 2, 2014 at 15:39

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Tag : The origins of the word ' INDONESIA '

Name contains ideation and energy.

What's in a name , the above expression does not seem to apply to Arkand Bodhana Zeshaprajna . For a man who has been in the metaphysical world, containing the name of ideation and energy not just any title .
" A name is required to call a person or object . Name is not just a word or collection of words , but contains ideation and energy . Mention energy physics are immutable , can not be created and can not be destroyed . Everything in the universe is energy , including the name , " Arkand Bodhana Zeshaprajna said on its website.
In view of metaphysics Arkand , Indonesia to mention the name of the republic is not deemed appropriate . He also proposed that the name is replaced with the archipelago of Indonesia , the mention of which has been frequently used in the Majapahit era .
This proposal would make the pros and cons , in this case probably will be more counterproductive . But is it contains the name of the power or energy in the science of metaphysics ?
Arkand above statement may line up with what is believed by the Javanese in the past ( even some of them still believed until now ) . The name is not just a title , but a prayer , an event reminder and so forth .
Giving a name to the newborn child , for example , the Javanese are usually very careful . Events at birth and the birth of the market is usually used for naming . Call it Sukino Bandang , the name was given because of his parents when Sukino birth region was hit by flash floods .
Names that do not match are usually known as ' kabotan User Name ' or object name . This usually occurs in infants who had been given the name but sickly . The baby was then changed names since the beginning of the given name does not match the physical condition of the infant or child .
So maybe that is seen Arkand in the name of Indonesia .
The nation is often ' sickly ' so one way to change that is to change the name . Indonesian archipelago that are not replaced with sickly .
History says Indonesia itself is still not clear . But one source said that Indonesia is derived from the word Indunesia . The name was derived from the mention of George Samuel Windsor Earl , an English ethnologist nation .
In an article in the magazine ' of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia ' ( 1847 ) Earl wrote about the ' Characteristics of Leading Nations Papuan , Australian and Malay - Polynesian ' . In the article confirms that Earl has come for the people of the Malay Archipelago Indian Archipelago or to have a unique name (a distinctive name) , because it is not appropriate Indian name and is often confused with another mention of India . Earl propose two options name : Indunesia or Malayunesia .
But the mention of the last Indunesia criticized by James Richardson Logan. Logan wrote the article The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago (Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago) in 1850. In early writings, Logan also expressed his agreement on the need for a distinctive name for the islands of our country, because the term Indian Archipelago (Indian Archipelago) is too long and confusing.
Logan then picked up the discarded Indunesia name Earl , and the replacement of the letter U with letter o that his words better . Thus was born the term Indonesia . And it proves that some people still believe that the European population is Indian in this archipelago , a moniker that retained because it was already familiar in Europe .
For the first time Indonesian word appearing in the world with 254 pages printed on the paper Logan (translated into Indonesian ) :
" Mr. Earl suggested the term ethnography ' Indunesian ' , but reject it and support ' Malayunesian ' . I prefer the purely geographical term ' Indonesia ' , which is just a shorter synonym for the islands of the Indian or Indian Archipelago , " Logan wrote in JIAEA Volume IV it also , pages 252-347 , 1850.
Since then Indonesia began often called . Even in several scientific articles , many authors who have started using the name of Indonesia to describe the area when it was still controlled by the Dutch or the Dutch East Indies .
While the archipelago known since the time of Majapahit Kingdom . In the concept of state in Java in the 13th century to the 15th , a king who ruled regarded as an incarnation of the god. Therefore, the concept of territory emitting power of a god.
In the days of the Majapahit empire , his realm was divided into three layers . The first level is called the State Court , which is the area around the royal capital where the king reigns .
Both are Abroad , or the areas in Java and about whose culture is similar to State Court , but already in the border area . Seen from this point of view , Madura and Bali is a foreign area . Lampung and Palembang are also considered foreign regions .
The third tier is the archipelago , which means another island ( outside Java ) is the area outside the influence of Javanese culture but still claimed as Majapahit conquered territories or colonies . The leaders of the countries included in this archipelago rulers must pay tribute to the King of Majapahit .
Referring to the two articles above, the proposed change to the Indonesian archipelago, as if to air Arkand romance (memory of past glory). At the time of the archipelago, victorious and prosperous country, while Indonesia may be considered relics of the feudal, so the culture of the colonized country as still carried until now.
Then the true name of the republic will be changed because it is considered not suitable or kabotan User Name ? Please , how do you respond?
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 2, 2014 at 15:16

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Tag : You Know the Name Indonesia Objection name.

Could Indonesia Replaced Nusantara.

Metaphysicians Arkand Bodhana Zeshaprajna fight Indonesian name soon changed. Doctoral graduate of the University of Metaphysics International Los Angeles, California, United States explained that it is not immediately change the name, Indonesia will be destroyed by 2020.
"There is a time line, we can actually see negative polarities. Nah we've been through two phases of negative polarity, later we passed another one, in 2014 to 2023 with a peak of 2020," said Arkand to merdeka.com in Jakarta Wednesday (26/2)
The man's real name is Emmanuel Alexander explains, no single country or company that is able to pass through the stages of mounting such a negative. Therefore, he remains optimistic Indonesian name was changed to the archipelago.
"In such a negative phase, rarely almost never even, if one company or country with polaristas peaking phase can not go beyond it. Had never existed. So we are very dangerous if we do not use the name of the country," he explained.
According Arkand, symptoms can be felt in the destruction of Indonesia this year and next year. He also mentions that retain the name of Indonesia as a reckless thing.
Arkand suggested the name changed to the Indonesian archipelago. Complete, the Republic of Indonesia replaced Viranegari.
"I'll add one word, the word Viranegari to optimize. So in front of the archipelago plus Viranegari. So 'Viranegari Archipelago' to optimize, so a better name," said Arkand.
However Arkand will not immediately change the republic into Viranegari. He's more focused push the Nusantara.
"Do not jump to it, we first focus on the archipelago. Later when all've got an agreement to advance the country with the name of the archipelago, we are adding new there. Let's change the name of the Republic into Viranegari," he said.
The name Indonesia is considered not bring good luck. Its origin was from the Indian Island, or the Indian archipelago. Though Indonesia is certainly not India. While the archipelago has been used to refer to a series of islands in Indonesia.
Change the name of a country is not taboo. Siam changed so Thailand, Burma and Ceylon so so Myanmar Sri Lanka. Kazakhstan also want to change the name so Kazakh Elli for not equated with poor countries in Central Asia homage booth.
Artist Ray Sahetapy also supports the Indonesian archipelago rename only the first popular.
"Based on the physical condition and character of this nation, I am more comfortable with the term refer to the archipelago nation of Indonesia," said Ray in a discussion 'dissect all Indonesian-ness' with cultural, some time ago.
"The name Indonesia's foreign right. Nope no meaning anymore. Archipelago If it means that all the people on the island want to unite," added Ray Sahetapy.
Meanwhile, some politicians expressed their rejection. Deputy Chairman of Commission II Arif Wibowo said Indonesia will lose root if to change the name of history.
If you do not change the name so archipelago, Indonesia could be destroyed.
Doctoral graduate of the University of Metaphysics International Los Angeles, California, United States is optimistic that it can be realized. The reason is, when the Indonesian name will be retained generate a destruction in this country.
"Very optimistic. If we do not fix it, we broke up. If we fix it, incredible. Optimism for how much? Yeah of magnitude," said Arkand.
He added that the actual name of the archipelago is ingrained for this country. In addition, the word is also a symbol of the spirit of the great unifying Indonesia.
"Nusantara was never so state and name of the kingdom. Archipelago was still in the spirit. Spirit that unites a large region (Indonesia)," he explained.
In addition, the man's real name is Emmanuel Alexander explains, in search of a name should at least be agreed between the parties. While the name of the archipelago itself, says the most potential as a substitute for the name of Indonesia.
"Because if we want to fix our country, we have to find a name that is approved by all parties.'s Not the name of this archipelago has been approved yes, but the name of the archipelago's most potentially approved," he said.
Meanwhile, an artist from Yogyakarta, Butet Kertaradjasa, also agreed to the name change.
"Yes I agree. I believe him," said Butet.
As is known, who is also a doctoral Arkand University of Metaphysics International Los Angeles, California, United States insists that if the name of the archipelago is the best name for the substitute name of Indonesia.
Because, according to him, the structure does not have the name of the archipelago red numbers and can make life better for the people who are in it later.
Analysis Arkand also not without reason, he has made the software or software calculations to analyze the structure of a good name.
Five reasons Arkand Bodhana so rename the Indonesian archipelago.
Arkand Bodhana Zeshaprajna which has been struggling in the world of metaphysics proposed that the name was changed to the archipelago country of Indonesia. Not without reason for Arkand to change the name of the republic that are already attached to it.
According Arkand, Indonesian name in the world of metaphysics does not give a positive energy for the nation. Arkand already pursue the world for 20 years believes the Nusantara will make this nation a better fate.
According Arkand, many cultures in the world who changed the name of a person who is often sick in childhood. Likewise with the state, if the nation frequently ill, then change the name of the country could be a solution.
Then what is the reason to change the name Indonesia became Arkand archipelago? Here are five Arkand explanation about the importance of a name.

1. The name is ideation and energy. 

What's in a name expression does not apply to Arkand Bodhana Zeshaprajna. For a man who has been in the metaphysical world, containing the name of ideation and energy not just any title.
"A name is required to call a person or object. Name is not just a word or collection of words, but contains ideation and energy. Mention energy physics are immutable, can not be created and can not be destroyed. Everything in the universe is energy, including the name, "Arkand Bodhana Zeshaprajna said on its website.
In view of metaphysics Arkand, Indonesia to mention the name of the republic is not deemed appropriate. He also proposed that the name is replaced with the archipelago of Indonesia, the mention of which has been frequently used in the Majapahit era.

2. The name Indonesia has only Synchronicity Value of 0.5. 

Arkand Bodhana Zeshaprajna suggested the name to the archipelago country of Indonesia. In view of metaphysics, the name Indonesia has only Synchronicity Value of 0.5. Synchronicity is the Value parameter in Arkand secret code to analyze a name.
According Arkand, Synchronicity Value is in the range of 0.05 to 1.0. While positive Synchronicity Value stands at 0.8 to 1.0. The name itself says Indonesia has only Arkand Synchronicity Value 0.5.
"That the developed countries have a good quality structure and name of the countries that have not been well developed and remain poor have a structure that is low-quality names," wrote Arkand on its website, Arkand.com.

3. Value Coherence 0.2.

Other parameters used are Arkand Coherence Value. Coherence Value shows the structure of the codes themselves interrelated with the other code. Value Range Coherence in the range of 0.1 to 1.0. Whereas positive values ​​in the range 0.7 to 1.0.
From observations Arkand, Indonesia only has Coherence Value of 0.2. It is far from good that Indonesia should be replaced with the name of a better name, the archipelago.
Coherence Value in life can be seen from the way a person or a country to master one or more skills. The higher the level of Coherence Value mastery of the skills the better.

4. The name Indonesia provision of other nations. 

According Arkand, said Indonesia was not coming from Indonesia or indigenous people. This makes traveling nation is now limping along.
James Richardson Logan in 1850 wrote an article The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago ( Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago ) . In early writings , Logan also expressed approval of the need for a distinctive name for the islands of our country , because the term Indian Archipelago ( Indian Archipelago ) is too long and confusing .
Logan then picked the name Indunesia previously introduced by George Samuel Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist nation. By Logan, letter by letter o u replacement so that his words better. Thus was born the term Indonesia. And it proves that some people still believe that the European population is Indian in this archipelago, a moniker that retained because it was already familiar in Europe.
"The origins of the word that was not the son of the nation's work and structure of words that were not good, which is proven by the condition of the nation and the state to the present worsening evoke the idea of ​​replacing the name of the state of Indonesia," said Arkand.

5. Indonesian sickly.

According Arkand, many cultures in the world who changed the name of a person who is often sick in childhood. Likewise with the state, if the nation frequently ill, then change the name of the country could be a solution.
"If in many cultures in the world is change the name of a person who is often sick in childhood through culture and religiosity approach, then currently we approached also through the cultural approach, religiosity and science. Three approaches to find one word: Archipelago," Arkand closed.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/03/could-indonesia-replaced-nusantara.html
DatePublished: March 2, 2014 at 14:51
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Found wreck diving.

Researchers from Hawaii have discovered a carcass of a large super-sized submarine which is thought to be a relic of World War II. The wreck of the submarine belonged to the Japanese who successfully denied by the U.S. Navy in 1946.
As reported by CNN (4/12), the researchers from the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory found the ship with the name of the I-400 was first found at a depth of 2.3 thousand feet of surface water in the southwest coast of Oahu. The invention is also not expected to remember they are not widely known to have no sinking ship.
"Found it in there is really beyond our expectation. (Fact) All researchers are trying to find try at sea even further," said Terry Kerby, chief pilot and director of research submarines from Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory.
The submarine itself has a length of 121.92 meters and is the largest ever made in the nuclear era. Noted, there are only two such subs in the world has ever seen.
Purpose of the I-400 itself is to attack the continental United States in World War II who was then finished the main enemy of Japan. However, this ship never completely used to attack the U.S. because Japan surrendered after two trigger his city is attacked by an atomic bomb.

I-400 Sen Toku-Class Submarine Giants In World War II. 

I-400 Sen Toku-Class (I-yonhyaku-gata Sensuikan) is a submarine owned and operated the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The submarine became the largest submarines of World War II and remained the largest ever built until the emergence of a nuclear ballistic missile submarine in 1960. The submarine also serves as a carrier capable of carrying three amphibious aircraft types Aichi M6A Seiran used for military missions.

I-400 Sen Toku-Class is built at Kure Naval Arsenal shipyard located in Hiroshima, Japan. Manufacturing began on January 18, 1943 and launched on January 18, 1944. For decades since its emergence until the era of shipbuilding-armed ballistic missile submarines in the 1960s, I-400 held the title as the largest submarine and was mentioned also represents the most advanced technology of its time. The submarine has a length of 122 meters and width of 12 meters.
I-400 is able to dive to a depth of 100 meters, according to the design capable of up to a depth of 120 meters. Cruising speed of 12 knots when submerged is (22 km / h), whereas when you are capable of driving up to the surface speed of 18.7 knots (34.6 km / h). The submarine is designed for long-distance cruising mission. Being able to do shipping anywhere in the earth and sea location back to base with just one refueling.
Submarine I-400 is equipped with a hangar capable of transporting 3 units amphibious aircraft types Aichi M6A Seiran. Equipped aircraft guns of 13 mm caliber machine guns, bombs and torpedoes launched when the ship came to the surface. After that the ship will soon dive that its presence is not detected by the allies. 3 In addition to the aircraft, submarines Sen Toku I-400-Class is also equipped with 1 unit of 14 cm caliber cannons, 4 units of 25 mm caliber machine guns, and torpedoes.
Making a giant submarine of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto idea which at that time served as Commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet. Originally planned to be made 18 units of one type submarines with the I-400 Sen Toku-Class since 1942, but only 3 units that can be resolved only production that is I-400, I-401 and I-402. 3 giant submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy was successfully captured and sunk by the U.S. Navy in 1945 and 1946.

Mystery of Existence of Giant Japanese Submarine Sinking Revealed.

A missing Japanese submarine torpedoed the U.S. Navy (U.S. Navy) at the end of World War II, was accidentally discovered by a team of explorers who explored the waters of Hawaii. A spokesman for the University of Hawaii, Manoa in a release call, the discovery of the mega-submarine I-400 belonging to the Imperial Japanese Navy had solved the mystery of several decades of fighting machine exactly where it is located.
I-400 belongs to a class 'Sen-Toku' - the biggest submarines ever built similar to nuclear-powered ships were eventually found. Has a length of 400 feet or 121.9 meters, it is capable of 1.5 times around the world without refueling in the middle of the journey. "I-400 into our search list," said veteran underwater explorer, Terry Kerby, who led the expedition that found the ship. "That is one of its kind, which only produced 3 pieces. So, it is a unique submarine and very historic," he said as quoted by Fox News, Tuesday (03/12/2013).
Kerby added, the vessel is an unexpected finding. Therefore, it is expected to be in the deeper areas. "We shudder at the sight of a giant submarine emerges from the darkness," he added.
U.S. Navy captures I-400 and four other Japanese submarines at the end of World War II, then took them to Pearl Harbor for inspection. Then, in 1946, the Soviet Union demanded access to the submarines in accordance with the arguments of terms of agreement that ended the war. Instead of allowing the Soviet Union to access advanced technology vessel in his day, the U.S. sink the ships and claimed to not know anything about the existence of the ships. 4 Of 5 submarines have previously been known to exist since that time. Except for I-400.
Ships I-400 was found in August 2013 and then, but only on Tuesday (03/12/2013) announced to the public after, Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Administration (NOAA) reviewing the findings about the number of U.S. and Japanese officials.
At that time, the U.S. Navy decided to sink the ship in order for the technology did not fall into their enemies. At that time, Japan and Germany after the collapse, the Soviet Union emerged so big contender Uncle Sam.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: March 2, 2014 at 13:47

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Mystery submarine Kursk.

 Hold the title of most powerful country in the world, the United States (U.S.) could not beat Russia in terms of toughness development of military submarines. Evidently, the Kursk submarine belonging to the Russian navy to be the largest in the world with the most advanced equipment.
Unfortunately, the story of the ship torpedo launcher was a dashing appearance. The submarine exploded in the middle of doing a test launch of a torpedo under the cold waters of the Barents Sea.
After sinking deep as 354 feet, there was still 23 crew members who are still alive. But due to the slow pace of the rescue measures taken by the government of Russia, 118 crew eventually found dead.
Survivors seem to run out of oxygen and was able to survive the cold temperature of the bottom of the Barents Sea.

Luxury equipment on board the Kursk military. 

Built in 1994, the ship has a length of up to 535 feet. Electronic technology is much more sophisticated. Not only that, each crew has a super spacious rooms in the military submarine.
Kursk even provide various facilities provided by the U.S. who had never before as a sauna, solarium and swimming pool. Not quite up there, submarine world number one also has a private aquarium.
The Russian government should be permitted to vote the crew psychological distress may remember when in receipt of a long time in the sea. In addition, the crew still receive payments not big enough when working on the Kursk.
Through these submarines, the Russian Navy prepared a number of torpedoes and other weapons in the sea as one of the national defense effort.

Soon combat submarine Kursk explode violently in the Barents Sea. Not saved, the ship weighing 18,300 tons were sunk to a depth slid 354 feet in the cold waters of the Barents Sea.
The explosion did not just happen once, the next explosion occurs far greater then 135 seconds. Allegedly the blast was another one that has not been launched torpedo.
A total of 118 crew members were killed in the horrific tragedy that occurred at the bottom of the sea. Some native crew survived, but eventually died due to lack of oxygen and extreme cold at the bottom of the sea. The atmosphere occurs in the dark and the cold waters of the Barents.

Action Kursk submarine crew rescue slow paced. 

Initially the Russian navy did not realize the Kursk was sunk. Until mid-afternoon, when the Kursk submarine is not docked, the Russian government began to worry that something bad has happened.
Therefore, several ships sent to rescue the Barents sea. A day later, August 13, 2000, the Russian government found the occurrence of the disaster area and just started doing rescue action.
Unfortunately, due to bad weather, canceled all rescue measures. Knowing the crew members who are still alive should be saved, the UK, the U.S. and Norway offer rescue assistance. But Russia adamantly refuse all foreign aid.
It seems that the Russian government is still hurt by the cold war that had experienced and reluctant to accept help from foreign parties. But after four days of no avail to rescue and received a lot of criticism from foreign parties, Russia finally gave up. On August 16, 2000, a number of international aid to help the crew lowered submarine.

What happened to the crew of the submarine? 

On August 21, 2000, nine days after the Kursk exploded and sank to the bottom of the sea, divers from Norway managed to open both doors at the rear of the submarine.
Rescuers are still very hopeful parts to accommodate survivors. Unfortunately, reality says otherwise, as many as 118 crew officially announced passed away.
The most heartbreaking part of the story is the sinking of the Kursk crew are actually survived but later died due to rescue action which is too slow.
When Lieutenant Captain Dmitry Kolesnikov body lifted, several hours after the second explosion, a small note was found in his pocket. The note was written a few hours after the second explosion occurred to inform that 23 people survived and are still alive.
Some reports say, there is the sound of pounding hammers hit the ship, two days after the disaster. But after that, the sea again deserted and there was no slightest sound is heard again from the sea where the tragedy occurred.

Assumptions cause of the sinking of the Kursk submarine. 

After the tragedy occurred, causing speculation sunken ship continue to emerge. Some say, the ship collided with a U.S. submarine. While a number of the other party says the ship hit a mine former first world war.
Other parties believe the U.S. submarine Kursk fired missiles because they feel threatened by the Russian torpedo boat was launched. But ultimately results of the investigation, said hydrogen fuel tank in a very risky one torpedo leak. This triggered a fire which then blew up the ship.
Even so, until now, the cause of the sinking of the submarine is still a mystery. Meanwhile, shipwrecks along the debris transported to the dock on October 7, 2001.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/03/mystery-submarine-kursk.html
DatePublished: March 2, 2014 at 12:56
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