Diamond formation process.

Allotropes of carbon, diamond , graphite and fullerene .

Compounds formed from carbon atoms of the element with different structures called carbon allotropes . Graphite , diamond , fullerene and amorphous carbon are examples of carbon allotropes known so far .
In the table peridoik carbon element has the symbol C and atomic number 6 is in group 4A or 14 , and includes a block period of 2 p . Electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 carbon atom 2P2 or [ He ] 2s2 2P2 with the arrangement of electrons in the atomic shell is 2 , 4 . Based on electron configuration is known that carbon has 4 valence electrons . The four valence electrons of carbon can be used to form covalent bonds with other atoms or with other carbon atoms .

 Diamond .

Diamond or diamonds or diamond are allotropes of carbon that has a high economic value and to this day is known as the diamond is the hardest natural mineral in which there has been no other successful mineral scratch or cut diamond .
Some of the properties and the use of diamond ;
Diamond is the hardest natural mineral , so the diamond is widely used as a tool to cut , polish and a drill bit .
Has a very high melting point which is 4827 ° C) . This is due to the carbon - carbon covalent bonds are formed in the diamond structure is very strong even stronger than ionic bonds .
Form of heat insulator but can absorb very well . Electrical conductivity of diamonds relating to the electrons used to form bonds , where the electron - electron bonded diamond so strong that no electrons are free to move when given potential difference . Good heat absorbing properties of diamond applied to electronic equipment to absorb the heat generated when the electronic equipment used . With a diamond coating on the inner conductor temperature electronic equipment then the equipment will be maintained relatively constant so that the equipment can function normally .
Insoluble in water and organic solvents . In this case does not allow for the attraction between molecules of solvent and carbon atoms that can be unpacked attractions between carbon atoms that are covalently bonded . As a result of not being able solvation solvent molecules diamond .
In the structure of diamond each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral shape and the length of each carbon-carbon bond is 0.154 nm .
Diamonds can now scale commercial production in laboratory and industrial
scale . Namely the manufacture of diamond graphite with metal catalysts .
The process of making diamond from graphite performed at high temperatures of around 3500 ° C can be even higher and higher the pressure of around 140,000 atm or more . In addition to using the method , the diamond can be produced by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons at relatively low temperatures ( ± 900 ° C ) and lower relative pressure of around 102 Pa. anyway .
In everyday life are often encountered diamond consists of a wide variety of colors .
Various diamond color produced is influenced by 3 things ;
The presence of impurities in the diamond structure so that the impurities can alter the absorption spectrum of diamond . Spectrum of diamond has changed due to impurities depending on the type and concentration of impurities existing instance of yellow and orange diamonds contain nitrogen , blue diamonds contain boron , diamond gray , purple and green hydrogen .
Green diamonds are caused by natural radiation , which occurs during the millions of years that can alter the atomic structure of the diamond . As a result of the changing structure of the diamond lead absorption sektrum diamonds changed .
Pink diamonds , red and brown caused by plastic deformation . The structure of carbon atoms that rotate during the formation of diamonds in the soil thus changing the absorption sektrum diamond . This is evident in the line of diamond veins that resemble wood grain . The line spectrum is what gives a different color .

 Graphite .

Graphite is an allotrope of carbon that can conduct electricity and heat well . Because this is the nature of the graphite is commonly used as an electrode in electrolysis cells .
In the structure of graphite each carbon atom to form a covalent bond with three other carbon atoms in a hexagonal arrangement to form a layered structure like a stack of cards . Because the carbon atom has four valence electrons on each carbon atom then there is still one that has not been bound electron (free electron).
Electrical conductivity properties owned by graphite influenced by electrons that are not used to form covalent bonds . These electrons are spread evenly on each C atom as overlap occurs as the bonding metal orbitals that form clouds or the sea of ​​electrons . Therefore, when given potential difference , delocalised electrons will flow mostly toward the anode ( positive pole ) , the flow of electrons is what causes the electric current can flow . Meanwhile, when one end is heated then these electrons will immediately move towards the section that has a lower temperature . As a result, the heat will spread into the graphite which has a lower temperature .
Covalent bonding between the graphite layers are relatively weak when compared to the covalent bonds between atoms in a layer between . Given this causes the graphite is slippery, because the layer is at the top easily slips or easily displaced.

The nature and usefulness of Graphite .

Has a high melting point , the same as diamond . This is due to the covalent bond that is formed is so strong that the high energy required to decide .
Has a soft nature , feels slippery and is used on a pencil after mixed clay .
Insoluble in water and organic solvents , because it is not capable of solvation molecules are very large graphite .
Compared to diamond , graphite has a density smaller , because of the structure are empty spaces between the pleats .
Conductor in the form of electricity and heat. Due to the nature of the graphite used as the anode of the battery ( cell Leclanche ) and as an electrode in electrolysis cells .

Fullerenes.

fullerenes structure

Fuleren are allotropes of carbon which one carbon molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms that is often referred to as C60 . In the structure of fullerenes each carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms to form a pattern of arrangement of pentagonal form hollow structures such as a soccer ball .

The nature and use .

Insoluble in water , but soluble in organic solvents .
As a superconductor and a good heat sink . Superconducting properties and the heat absorbing electrons that are not related to one used to form covalent bonds , as in graphite . One of which is a C60 compound semiconductors are K3C60 .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 24, 2014 at 13:38
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Tag ; Diamond formation process, fullerenes

Carnivorous fish.

Piranha fish.

Although this fish is raised in many horror films human-made , but in the real world is indeed the real fish vicious and scary . Rows of sharp teeth compact and connected with each other .
Teeth perfectly designed for piercing and tearing meat quickly where the Piranha has a voracious appetite . If you 're hungry and there is no other choice of fish is also aggressive towards its own kind and perform cannibalism .
Although piranhas hunt prey with a cruel and very organized , when the defense is also certain fish eat plants like grass . The study also states that the behavior of these fish form a large group as a defense against predators such as crocodiles and river dolphins once a killing strategy .
Although only a fish , you may be looking at more suited to be fine dining dinner than vice versa , you will not truly plunging in the waters of the Amazon with bare legs to invite the meat shredder . You may be used to give food to the animals , but this one will invade and dismember without waiting for a second invitation .

Anglerfish.

No other fish is fish sordid , wandering in the depths of the ocean , Anglerfish . Hiding away in the depths of the ocean , the fish is so named ( = anglerfish angler fish ) because of the unique way he captures prey using body parts sticking out of his head that is similar to fishing hook .
Miraculously able to issue a bioluminescent light from bioluminescent bacteria jutaaan stuck there . It is quite interesting prey to come close and so it touches the bait , Anglefish will immediately react quickly devoured .

Moray Eel ( Eel Moray ).

This type of eel can be found all over the world to slip in the cracks or fissures reef where he waited and ambush passing prey with powerful jaws .
This fearsome carnivore eating marine animals , but can also result in injury to people that get too close to him . Apparently eels can reach a length of 13 ft is more aloof than humans and will only attack to defend himself or bite hands by mistake if fed .
When it feels threatened , it becomes malignant creatures , and the bacteria found in teeth can cause serious injury . In some species , the mucus in the skin also contain toxins .

Tigerfish ( Tiger Fish ).

Indeed, as the name suggests , these fish have perfect teeth in his mouth . This fish is known as malignant and voracious predators and adult types can reach a length of 6 ft .
His body is built for speed and power . Such as armored vehicles with powerful fins and is always ready to pounce even when its mouth is closed . This fish is often used as a game ( games ) to catch fish with a great gift .
These fish can be found in freshwater Africa . Any fish that pass in the course will be torn to pieces by the strong jaws and sharp teeth like a piranha . These fish are also known to prey on other fish that was bigger than him .
The fish finder is also wary of the kind of Goliath Tigerfish by National Geographic described as evolution on steroids .

Dragonfish.

Deep-sea horror story continues , and fish Dragonfish well known because the oversized mouth and teeth -like fangs scary . It all as just a head stuffed with jaw and eye .
And issued a beautiful light to attract potential prey , much like fishing hook Anglerfish . Although little light beauty beautiful because it still is classified as a ferocious predator fish are scary and should be avoided .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 23, 2014 at 15:57

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Tag ; Carnivorous fish

Do You Know About Fish Piranha.

Silver Tetra Ctenobrycon spilurus ( Characidae ) Characins . Piranha is a freshwater fish that enter the family Characidae . Characidae is a derivative of order Characiformes , which is a type of freshwater fish belonging to the omnivores . Its natural habitat is in the rivers of South America countries . In the language of Venezuela , called Caribes piranha and known as a fish that has a taste for meat.
Piranha fish has a body length of a few cm to 40 cm . Have sharp teeth and triangular . Some species are plant eaters , but there are also meat eaters . Most will devour other fish with a small bite on the fins or scales of other fish before letting the fish release . Each fins or scales containing between 35-85 % protein , which makes it so nutritious . In addition , South American black water rivers often contain only small amounts of calcium and phosphorus , and scales or fins filled with these minerals . Fins or scales of victims will grow back in a few weeks so it could get a piranha fish food back .

There are approximately 40 species of piranha fish found in South America from Colombia to northern Argentina , but only about three species ( especially red belly piranha / red bellied ) is showing signs of real aggression . Amazon in the local Tupi language , the word piranha means " toothed fish " . Some languages ​​or dialects give this fish caribe name which means " cannibal " . Some species of piranha fish almost entirely plant-eating , preferring to eat flowers , fruits , nuts , and seeds . These foods may develop slowly as a result of massive flooding Amazon , which can overwhelm an area the size of England for seven months at a time . Approximately 200 species of fish , including several species of piranha fish , migrate to the new food to eat and breed .
Piranha meat eaters generally prefer to eat or scavenge dead animals than live animal attack . They tend to swim clustered together about 20 or more , but this treatment is not showed their aggressiveness , but shows the piranha group defense system . Brazilian scientist , Professor Ivan Sazima , of the Institute of Biology , Universidade Estadual de Campinasin in many years of research about the piranhas did not find any cases that kill human piranha . Professor Ivan Sazima and his team only found a dead man in the river , before coming piranha bite .
For example , the bodies of those who drowned were indeed living bone and caused loss of all flesh piranha fish . But it also happens to be four days after the bodies in the river . After 20 hours in the water , the other drowned corpse meat loses hands and feet , but his body was not . The third man , who died of a heart attack while in the water , just a little flesh that disappears after a few hours in the water .
However , there are rare cases where the piranha fish ( usually red belly piranha ) will actually make the water bubbly. There is one situation when local fishermen deliberately throwing unwanted fish intestines to a small section of the river . With the passage of time , piranha learn to migrate to where the food is tasty and can be destroyed quickly , for example, are already dead chickens plucked and deliberately thrown into the water . Piranha which has been conditioned eating bloody bowel and it will take a chicken with excitement.
Another situation where there is water foaming due to the voracious piranha fish is when the whole gang of birds are being cared for their children in a tree above a river . Mother bird caring for her children to regurgitate food for their children . Directions regurgitated food is not perfect , and a reflex babies this bird has not been fast and accurate , so that some of the regurgitated food falling into the water from their mouths. Piranha fish underneath adapt to wait for free food from above, just as they did in chickens . Once they are conditioned to eat food free fall , the piranha will attack the baby bird that fell into the river below .
Even Richard Conniff in his book Swimming with Piranhas at Feeding Time reported that the Piranha picture as long as this is exaggerated by Hollywood filmmakers is not true . Richard Conniff proves this by deciding to " soak " at Seaworld Aquarium in Dallas , USA , when the piranha fish being fed . Richard Conniff was an American author who specializes in the writings about the wild animals legged and 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 . He wrote many journals in TIME , Smithsonian Magazine , Atlantic Monthly , New York Times , National Geographic and others . In addition, he was also a presenter wild life events on National Geographic , Animal Planet , BBC and others .
The end of 2003 , Professor Ivan Sazima wrote about how an increase in the number of dams the river that leads to an increase in cases of piranha fish that attack people bathing in the river . He described it in a scientific journal Wilderness and Environmental Medicine about how stem piranha fish care for babies that they will protect their children from the man with just one bite per man. A river usually dammed to slow water so tourists and locals can swim , or for the prevention of floods with increasing population . But the piranha fish spots ( Serrasalmus spilopleura ) happy breed in slow water flow . They lay their eggs in floating weeds or submerged . Fast currents usually carry these plants to other places , but they survive better in calm water , so the amount of piranha fish will grow 10-fold in those conditions . Parent restless piranha fish keep their larvae , which swim comfortably in the shade plants . Unfortunately , the swimmer was suddenly disrupt aquatic plants and fish piranha babies .
Parent upset piranha fish which will give a warning bite on the swimmers, leaving a bloody wound circular . Yet another piranha fish will leave the swimmer alone and never did a barrage of tear living flesh to the bone as it is famous in the movies. In the city of Santa Cruz in Conceicao , on the banks of the Rio Mogi Guacu , there is never a piranha fish were biting before the river dammed in 1998 . But since then , the emergence of piranha fish attacks increased . In a short time during the five weeks , there were 38 attacks piranha fish - everything is done to protect the babies piranha .
Barry Chernoff , Professor of Environmental Studies at Wesleyan University called the piranha fish as " fake monster " . His conjecture is that the European explorers who first went to South America and the specimen must be returned with stories to be quite impressive backers so they will come back to give the explorers a pile of money to return and resume their exploration . His research in 1984 in South America proves that no locals ( close to the banks of the Amazon river ) are often missing or her toes in the river after the move . In fact, he testified that the children of local residents with a relaxing swim in the river with no one about the assault case piranha fish .
We received a terrible reputation of piranha fish . Under all common sources such as the James Bond films , the film Piranha II , and III Tomb Raider games , piranha can rending human flesh in a matter of minutes . Mental picture is , you change from full human flesh into bones in an instant . Even former U.S. president , Teddy Roosevelt , after a trip to Brazil in 1913 wrote that the piranha is " the most ferocious fish in the world . They will mindlessly grabbing fingers are inserted into the water. They're going to rip and devour alive humans or creatures injured".
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 23, 2014 at 15:02
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Tag ; Do You Know About Fish Piranha, fish, piranha.

Puffer fish.

Experts suspect the fish developed the ability ballooned to cover the swimming ability of slow and sloppy .
Puffer fish ( puffer ) a new species of the family Tetraodontidae shocked the world this knowledge when designing similar structures are known to crop circle on the ocean floor . Structure making it complicated and consume energy is used as a place to lay eggs .
It turns out that there are 120 species of puffer fish in the family Tetraodontidae . These fish live in warm coastal waters , and some even live in fresh water . Generally they taper bodied , torpedo -like , with a round head and large eyes .
They have four large teeth are fused together to form a beak -like structure . Several species of puffer fish using this lung to dredge rocks and coral . While some other species use their beaks to poke a variety of crustaceans and shellfish .
The size of these fish also varied . Length ranging from 2.5 inches to dwarf puffer fish , up to 0.6 meters for freshwater pufferfish large .

Bulging.

Puffer fish is known for its ability to " inflated " like a balloon and reach several times its original size . Experts suspect this capability was developed to cover the swimming ability of the fish were slow and sloppy .
Indeed , puffer fish seem tasty for predators . But if pursued , he would fill his stomach with water elastic numerous.
Make it appear larger and almost spherical . Most of these fish species are also equipped with spines sticking out when they ballooned . Predators who ignore warnings from puffer fish , is likely to die choking thorns .
There is still another form of their defense : poison . Some specific types of puffer fish neurotoxin containing tetrodoksin, mostly found in the liver, gonads, and skin. Although these toxins include respite ( including killing humans ) , kind of shark species could be resistant to poison and produces no effect at all .
Dining delights .
Although full of toxins , puffer fish is considered good food in some parts of the world . So that's in Japan , only trained and certified chefs are allowed to prepare this fish ( called fugu ) as fine dining .
Young chef , must learn to present it in preparation for many years . They should be able to ensure the fish are free of toxins in the liver , gonads , and skin .
However , these fish still taking casualties every year . Poisons that enter the human body will appear with characteristic numbness in the lips and tongue . Followed by dizziness , headache , and vomiting .
In the worst case , the victim suffered increased heart rate , decreased blood pressure , muscle paralysis , and difficulty breathing . Furthermore , death can occur between four to six hours .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 23, 2014 at 13:57

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Tag ;  Did you fish Pufferfish, The Architect " Crop Circle " Sea ?, fish, pufferfish

You Need to Know About Electric Eels.

Biology associated with geography raises biogeography , the science that studies the spread of the creatures living on the surface of the earth and its relationships with space and time . Biogeography is divided into three disciplines namely human geography (human geography ) , geography animals ( zoogeography ) and the geography of plants ( plant geography = Phythogeography ) .
Animal Geography is the science that studies the phenomena of the animal in relation to the environment and regional spatial context .
Zoogeography geography or animals , derived from zoology ( animal science ) and geography . Zoology is a branch of life sciences ( biology ) who study animal life ( animals ) . Moderate Geography is the study of the differences and similarities with the geosphere and regional environmental viewpoint in spatial context . Thus zoogeography or animal geography is a science that studies the phenomena of the animal with the conditions and circumstances on the Earth's surface with an environmental perspective and in the context of regional spatial distribution of such boundaries , zoning , radial distribution , regional distribution and others.
In a particular region or environment is always an interaction between the action and the population of a species with other species . Either directly or indirectly . Thus there was a life of a community or group of life forms . Within the community there are always components of the flora, fauna, and microorganisms and humans.
A living thing , not only depend on other living creatures , but also depends on non-living beings ( physical environment ) . Community or a group of life forms along with their physical environment as a container or a place of life , always creating an ecosystem form .
In the development of a community usually there is a process development cycle , as well as mutations and modifications , because the presence of variations or environmental interventions that give natural selection . Selection can be a hindrance, obstruction rival (competition), dominance, movement (deployment) or migration and so on .
Studying geography animals and plants can not be separated from an expert named Alfred Russel Wallacea (1823 - 1913) , who pioneered modern research on animal geography . He described an imaginary line that is the limiting of the spread where the animals lived above six regions ( areas ) such as :
a. Neartik
b . Neotropikal
c . Paleartic
d . Ethiopian
e . Oriental ( Asiatic )
f . Australic
Specifically in Indonesia Wallacea region divides into three based on the characteristics of plants and animals as well as the characteristics of the geological structure of the western region of Indonesia , namely , that characterized Asiatic, Transition Region and Eastern Indonesia which is Australik Environment there are two types of living things are biotic environment and the physical environment .
All living things are required to be able to adjust both environments . To be able to adapt to the environment is the physical adaptation and social adaptation . The types of abiotic environment include: land , air , water , temperature and sunlight .
Animal habitats can be classified into terrestrial habitats , marine , freshwater and air . Can be classified into terrestrial habitats : grassland habitat ( steppa ) , tropical wet forest habitats , forest habitats season , homogeneous forest habitat and tundra habitat .
The animals found geographer studying the spread ( distribution ) of animals is to approach the assumption , that except for certain factors , each species was actually supposed to be everywhere . However, because of certain factors , the presence of animals in an area is not possible .
These factors include the lack of adaptability .

Problem .

1 . How do electric eels generate electricity ?
2 . How living condition of the electric eel ?
3 . Is the electric eel can survive outside of the water ?

Purpose.

1 . To find out how eels generate electricity .
2 . To find out how to live or living habitat requirements of the electric eel
3 . To determine whether the electric eel can survive outside of the water .

Discussion .

Electric eel or an electric eel ( Electrophorus electricus ) is a type of freshwater fish that can generate a strong electric current ( up to 650 volts ) for hunting and self-defense . Although known eels or eel , it includes members of the order Gymnotiformes , which does not cover both . Electric eels are usually found in the Amazon River and Orinoco River and surrounding areas . He can grow up to a length of 2.5 m ( 8.2 feet ) and weighs 20 kg ( 44 pounds ) , although usually average size is 1 m .

Anatomy .

Electric eels have an elliptical body while his head flat . Generally electric eel upper body dark green or grayish , or brownish and lower body yellowish or orange . Electric eel adult males have more dark colors in the stomach . Electric eels can reach a very large size , with a length exceeding 2.5 meters and weigh up to 20 kg.Ikan it does not have scales . Her mouth square shaped , and were right at the tip of the snout . Electric eels do not have teeth . His eyes are very small compared to the size of his head . Anal fins extending to the tip of the tail .

Habitat .

Electric eels live in the murky streams and puddles of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins of South America. There is a lot of fish in the waters around Guatemala , Argentina and the Caribbean island of Trinidad . Electric eels liked the muddy and watery calm .

Generate Electricity.

Freshwater fish get the name of this well-known " electric eel " of large electrical charge that can be produced . Their bodies contain electric organs with about 6,000 specialized cells called " electrosit " which saves power like tiny batteries . Electric cells are located along the electric eel 's body that gives a positive charge and a negative charge at the head of the tail . The longer the size the more the cells of its electricity . When threatened or attacking prey , these cells will detach the power supply voltage simultaneously, emitting a shock of at least 600 volts , far greater than the voltage of electricity in our homes are just 110 or 220 volts . Electric eels use electric voltage to detect and electrocute prey or enemy . Electric eel also use an electric field as a navigation aid and to interact with fellow electric eel in a muddy murky water .

Direct inhalation of air from the atmosphere .

Electric eels breathe in air atmosphere so they must often rise to the surface of the water . These fish will rise to the surface every 10 minutes or so . Nearly 80 % of the oxygen used by the fish taken in this way .
Survive Outside Air
Electric eel may breathe air directly outside . Although it is true including fish , these animals can survive out of water for several hours to several days as long as their skin remains moist .

Carnivores .

Electric eels are predators , the main food is another smaller fish , but he also prey on amphibians and even birds and small mammals. Electric eels do not have teeth, so he just looking for prey that is small enough to be swallowed whole . Electric eels are nocturnal animals . Nocturnal animals which means active at night . Electric eels can not see very well . Their bodies compensate for poor vision is to produce low-voltage electrical field that helps them to maneuver in rivers and lakes are dark and muddy . The electric field also helps these fish to hunt prey hiding in the murky water .

Is the Electric Eels Dangerous ?.

Electric shock from an electric eel electric eel is known to paralyze a horse or a crocodile . However, electric eels are not aggressive , he will generate a maximum electric shock when surprised or disturbed . Young electric eels produce a smaller voltage ( about 100 volts ) . Electric eels are capable of controlling the amount of voltage that is generated depending on the needs . When disturbed , it can produce an electric shock is discontinuous over an hour continuously.
Human deaths from electric eel shock is extremely rare . However , some electric eel shock can cause respiratory or cardiac failure , and there is known to man who drowned in shallow water after the animal is exposed to shocks .

Reproduction .

In the dry season , the electric eel males will build nests from saliva . In this nest electric eel females will lay their eggs . In one nest the female will lay eggs electric eels reach thousands of eggs .
Life in Nature
Electric eel is not endangered , and the arrest in nature is not prohibited . Electric eels are animals that can be found in their habitat . Electric eels can live up to 15 years old in their habitat .
Scientific classification .
Scientific classification is the electric eel ;
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Super Class : Osteichthyes
Class : Actinopterygii
Order : Gymnotiformes
Family: Gymnotidae
Genus : Electrophorus
Species : E. electricus
Binomial name is Electrophorus electricus .
How How to Generate Electricity Flow Electric Eels ?
Several hundred species of fish have electricity -producing organs , but only a few are able to generate strong electric power . Electricity -producing organs possessed by most fish is composed of nerve cells and muscle cells that have undergone significant changes . Disc shape like a small electric organ that produces mucus called elektrosit , arranged and fused at the top of the other parallel arrangement . In general , all facing the same direction disc containing 150 or 200 discs each arrangement.
For example , the torpedo fish there are 140 to 1000 electric disc on each column . In a very large torpedo fish , the total number of discs to half a million . The working principle of electric disc is similar to the way the battery . When the fish rest , the muscles that are not related yet active . However, if you receive a message from nerves , will soon be working in unison to bring electric power .
At that time , all disk electric voltage or elektrosit fused , so as to generate electric power up to 220 volts in fish torpedo or up to 650 volts in an electric eel . In general, all species of freshwater fish produces only mild electrical , except Sembilang electric and electric eels . Electric fish that live in the sea have stronger power and dangerous , because sea water contains salt which makes him more resistant to electrical current . The position and shape of the electric organ varies depending on the species .
In addition to the fish that are armed with an electric charge potential , there are also other types of fish that produce low-voltage signals 2 to 3 volts . If these fish do not use this kind of weak electrical signals to hunt or defend themselves , and then used for what ?
These fish take advantage of weak signals as sensory organs . God created the body's sensory system in this fish , which delivers and receives these signals .
The fish generate electric radiant in a special tool in its tail . Electricity is transmitted through the thousands of pores on the backs of these creatures in the form of signals to temporarily create an electric field around it . Any object refracts in this field , so that the fish know the size , power flow and motion of the object. In the body of the fish , there are electrical sensing continues to determine the field as well as radar . In short , this fish has a radar that emits electrical signals and translate changes in terrain caused by objects that inhibits the signals around the body . When the complexity of radar used by humans is still being grown, awesome creation in the body of the fish as it will become clear .
Electric eel 's body shape is unique , almost 7/8 body parts such as the tail . At the tail there is this small batteries in the form of small plates are horizontally and vertically . Huge numbers , more than 5,000 pieces . Small electrical voltage of each battery is not great , but if all the batteries are connected in a row ( series ) , will be obtained about the electrical voltage is 600 volts (compared with batteries are only 1.5 volts ) . Tip of the tail acts as the positive pole of the battery and the head end acts as a negative pole . Electric eels can regulate the relationship between the small battery inside the body to get a small electric voltage and large electric voltages .
For navigation , electric eels requires only a small electrical voltage . But when dealing with an enemy or prey , electric eel will give the maximum voltage through the head and tail are attached to the body of the enemy or prey . About 1 ampere of electrical current generated by the high-voltage electricity will flow and kill them. But other animals are not disturbed because they are not in direct contact with the tail and the head of the eel . So , thank you for reading this article .
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.  sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: January 23, 2014 at 12:44
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Tag ; You Need to Know About Electric Eels, Electric Eels

Rich Benefits eel.

Eel is a superior food very tasty and rich in nutrients . One advantage , rich
hormone calcitonin , which serves to maintain the shortage / bone health . In addition , eels also have various health benefits .
In Indonesia , there are three types of fish eel , eel rice namely ( Monopterus Zuieuw albus ) , swamp eel ( Synbranchus bengalensis Mc . Clell ) , and very small -eyed eel ( Macrotema caligans Cant ) . Eel rice is the type most commonly known in Indonesia , while the swamp eels are limited so it is less well known .
The length of an eel is very varied . Monopterus indicus measuring only 8.5 cm , while the marble Synbranchus marmoratus eels are known to reach 1.5 m .
Most cultivation of eels used for consumption needs . Judging from the composition of the nutrient , the eel has a value sufficiently high energies , namely 303 kcal per 100 grams of meat . Eel energy value is much higher than the eggs
(162 kcal/100 g without skin) and beef (207 kcal per 100 grams).
Value of proteins in the eel ( 18.4 g / 100 g of meat ) is equivalent to beef protein ( 18.8 g / 100g ) , but higher than egg protein ( 12.8 g/100 g ) . As with other types of fish , the eel protein digestibility value is also very high , so it is suitable for a source of protein for all age groups , from infants to the elderly .
Leucine is useful for breaking and formation of muscle proteins. Glutamic acid is needed to boost the immune system and to help the working aspartic acid neurotransmitters .
High levels of glutamic acid in the eel eel make delicious and savory taste . In the ripening process does not need to be added flavorings such as monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) .
The content of arginine ( nonessential amino acids ) in the eel can affect the production of human growth hormone is popularly known as human growth hormone ( HGH ) . This HGH that will help improve muscle tone and reduce fat accumulation in the body . Laboratory test results also showed that arginine serves to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells .
Eels are rich in iron ( 20 mg/100 g ) , much higher than iron in eggs and meat
(2.8 mg / 100g) . Consumption of 125 grams of eels every day has been meeting the needs of the body for iron , which is 25 mg per day . Iron is necessary for the body to prevent anemia , which is characterized by a simple body weakness, fatigue , and lethargy
Useful iron to form hemoglobin blood that carries oxygen . all body tissues . Oxygen is then serves to oxidize carbohydrates , fats , and proteins into energy for the body's activities . That's what causes the main symptoms of iron deficiency are weak , tired , and not powered.
Iron is also useful for boosting the immune system , thus not susceptible to various infectious diseases .
Eels are also rich in phosphorus . Its value is two times the phosphorus in the egg . Without the presence of phosphorus , calcium can not form bone mass . Therefore , consumption of hares phosphorus balanced with calcium , so that bones become stronger and stronger , so free from osteoporosis . In the body , phosphorus in the form of calcium phosphate crystals in general ( about 80 percent ) are in the bones and teeth .
The main function of phosphorus is the giver of energy and strength in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates , to support healthy teeth and gums , for DNA synthesis and absorption and use of calcium . Phosphorus needs for pregnant women banyal certainly more times than not it contains , especially the fetus for bone formation . If the phosphorus intake is less , the fetus will take it from her mother . This is one of the causes of disease bone loss in the mother . Phosphorus needs will be met if the protein intake is also considered .
The content of vitamin A, which reaches 1,600 SI per 100 g eel make excellent for use as a custodian of epithelial cells . In addition , vitamin A is also very necessary for the body's growth , vision , reproduction and prows .
Eels are also rich in vitamin B. Vitamin B generally acts as a cofactor of the enzyme , so that the enzyme can function normally in the body's metabolic processes . Vitamin B is also very important for the brain to function normally , helping to form proteins , hormones , and red blood cells .
Although it has a high nutritional value , fat content in the eel is also quite high, reaching 27 g per 100 g . Higher than the fat in eggs ( 11.5 g/100 g ) and beef ( 14.0 g/100 g ) .
Among the group of fish , eels are classified as high-fat fish . Fat content in the eel is almost equivalent to the pork fat ( 28 g/100 g ) . According to the publication issued by the Singapore General Hospital , eels including high cholesterol foods and obliged to look out for .
Although high fat content , eels do not need to be avoided in our diet . However , fat plays an important role as somber delicacy , a source of energy , a provider of essential fatty acids, and of course as a carrier of fat-soluble vitamins min (A, D, E and K ) .
In fatty fish are high enough vitamin D , which is 10 times more than the meat and 50 times more vitamin D is found in milk . Vitamin D is very useful for the body to help prevent calcium absorption and resorption processes ( release of calcium from the bones ) .
Efforts to reduce the fat content in the eel is roasted over coals . Roasting process will cause the fat to melt and come out of the eel meat , dripping onto the coals . Eels should not be processed by frying , so that the fat content is not increased much .
As in other types of fish , eels also contain omega-3 fatty acids . Levels of omega- 3 in fatty fish , including eel , very varied but ranged from 4.48 percent to 11.80 percent . The content of omega- 3 in fish , depending on the type , age , availability of food , and fishing areas .
And the results of the research , it is known that part of the body of fish has omega 3 fatty composition different . Levels of omega 3 in the head about 12 per cent , 28 per cent of the chest , the surface of the meat 31.2 percent , and 42.1 percent of abdominal cavity contents ( dry weight basis ) .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/rich-benefits-eel.html
DatePublished: January 23, 2014 at 11:29
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Tag ; Rich Benefits eel, You Need to Know, eels

Eels.

Even though it looks not attractive , eels are excellent foods rich in nutrients . One advantage , rich hormone calcitonin , which serves to maintain bone strength . Slippery like an eel is an old adage that is addressed to a very crafty person , but always free of all charges. The phrase is an acknowledgment that the eel was very slippery and difficult to catch . Eel ( Monopterus albus ) is a ground fish belonging to the family of Synbranchidae and Synbranchiodae order , ie fish that does not have fins or other members to move .

Sources of Energy and Protein.

Judging from the composition of the nutrient , the eel has a value sufficiently high energies , namely 303 kcal per 100 grams of meat . Eel energy value is much higher than the eggs ( 162 g skinless kkal/100 ) and beef ( 207 kcal per 100 g ) . That's what causes the eel is very good for use as an energy source . Value of proteins in the eel ( 18.4 g/100 g meat ) is equivalent to the protein of beef ( 18.8 g/100g ) , but higher than egg protein ( 12.8 g/100 g ) . As with other types of fish , the eel protein digestibility value is also very high , so it is suitable for a source of protein for all age groups , from infants to the elderly .
Protein eel is also rich in amino acids that have some pretty good quality , namely leucine , lysine , aspartic acid , and glutamic acid . Leucine and isoleucine are essential amino acids which are indispensable for the growth of children and maintain nitrogen balance in adults . Leucine is also useful for breaking and formation of muscle proteins . Glutamic acid is needed to boost the immune system and to help the working aspartic acid neurotransmitters . High levels of glutamic acid in the eel eel make delicious and savory taste . In the ripening process does not need to be added flavorings such as monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) . The content of arginine ( nonessential amino acids ) in the eel can affect the production of human growth hormone is popularly known as human growth hormone ( HGH ) . This HGH that will help improve muscle tone and reduce fat accumulation in the body . Laboratory test results also showed that arginine serves to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells .

Rich Minerals and Vitamins.

Eels are rich in iron ( 20 mg/100 g ) , much higher than iron in eggs and meat ( 2.8 mg/100g ) . Consumption of 125 grams of eels every day has been meeting the needs of the body for iron , which is 25 mg per day . Iron is necessary for the body to prevent anemia , which is characterized by a simple body weakness, fatigue , and lethargy . Iron is useful to form blood hemoglobin , which carry oxygen to all body tissues . Oxygen is then serves to oxidize carbohydrates , fats , and proteins into energy for the body's activities . That's what causes the main symptoms of iron deficiency are weak , tired , and not powered . Iron is also useful for boosting the immune system , thus not susceptible to various infectious diseases .
Eels are also rich in phosphorus . Its value is two times the phosphorus in the egg . Without the presence of phosphorus , calcium can not form bone mass . Therefore , the consumption of phosphorus must be balanced with calcium , so that bones become stronger and stronger , so free from osteoporosis . In the body , phosphorus in the form of calcium phosphate crystals in general ( about 80 percent ) are in the bones and teeth . The main function of phosphorus is the giver of energy and strength in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates , to support healthy teeth and gums , for DNA synthesis and absorption and use of calcium . Phosphorus needs for pregnant women is certainly more than the times when it does not contain , especially the fetus for bone formation .
If the phosphorus intake is less , the fetus will take it from her mother . This is one of the causes of disease bone loss in the mother . Phosphorus needs will be met if the protein intake is also considered . The content of vitamin A, which reaches 1,600 SI per 100 g eel make excellent for use as a custodian of epithelial cells . In addition , vitamin A is also very necessary for the body's growth , vision , and reproduction processes . Eels are also rich in vitamin B. Vitamin B generally acts as a cofactor of the enzyme , so that the enzyme can function normally in the body's metabolic processes . Vitamin B is also very important for the brain to function normally , helping to form proteins , hormones , and red blood cells .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/eels.html
DatePublished: January 23, 2014 at 11:07

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Tag ; Eels.