Gratus is the designation for a group of insects of the family Myrmeleontidae .
In the world there are approximately 2,000 species gratus and they spread all over the world , especially in warm temperate regions and sandy .
The name " gratus " given to these animals because their larvae habit of walking backwards while digging nests in the ground traps . In the West , this animal is known as Antlion ( ant lion ) . The name was given because the hunting habits of the larvae are ferocious ant traps by digging in the ground so it is considered as " the lion of the ants " .
classification
Gratus Myrmeleontidae family name is derived from the Greek myrmex ( ants and leon (lion) so that the name can be interpreted literally Myrmeleontidae "ant lion".
Famili Myrmeleontidae themselves belong to the order Neuroptera which in Greek can be translated as " wing nets " or " veined wings . " name was given because of all the insects in this order have two pairs of transparent wings and deep .
Heksapoda from the Latin word meaning hexa six (6 ) feet and said podos means , so interchangeable defined six-legged animal . Insecticides are very wide variations , the nature and habit . An estimated number of more than 900,000 types of Insecta is divided into 25 orders .
Insect body can be distinguished clearly between the head , chest and abdomen .
1 . Head covering ;
One facet pairs of eyes ( plural ) , single eye ( ocellus ) , and one pair of antennas as a tentacle .
Customized oral appliance to chew , suck , lick and bite . The oral part consists of the rear jaw ( mandible ) , the front jaw ( maxilla ) , and upper lip ( labrum ) and lower lip ( labium )
2 . Chest ( thorax ) consists of three segments , namely prothorax , mesothorax and metathorax .
In each segment there is a pair of legs . Foot insecticides have a huge variation in accordance with the function :
a. foot to dig ( ground dog )
b . foot to jump ( grasshopper )
c . feet for swimming ( water beetles )
d . feet for collecting pollen
e . foot for walking ( ground beetles )
f . foot to hold ( praying mantis )
At each mesotoraks and metatoraks there are two pairs of wings , but others do not have wings .
3 . Stomach ( abdominal ) has 11 segments or multiple segments only. In females insecticides ( eg locusts ) , the back of the abdomen there is a functioning ovipositor to lay eggs .
Some other knowledge that needs to be known ;
Digestive tract consists of: mouth , esophagus , cache , stomach , colon , rectum and anus .
Nervous system of a rope ladder .
Respiratory system with tracheal system
Open circulatory system .
Separate genitals ( male and female ) , internal fertilization .
Place to live in freshwater and terrestrial . Generally insects undergo metamorphosis ( metamorphosis ) of egg larvae gratus
Classification Insecta .
Insects undergo metamorphosis in its development . Metamorphosis is a change in the form of an insect from egg to adult . There is also an insect that during his life has never undergone a metamorphosis , ie nerds ( Episma saccharina ) . Based metamorfisnya , insects divided into two groups , namely : Hemimetabola and Holometabola .
Hemimetabola are insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis . In the life cycle of insects Hemimetabola experiencing developmental stages as follows ;
a. eggs
b . Nymph , is a young insect that has the same nature and form of the adult . In this phase the young insects undergo change of skin .
c . Imago ( adult ) , is the phase that has characterized the development of all the organs of the body well , including the proliferation of tools and wings .
Holometabola group .
Holometabola are insects that undergo complete metamorphosis . Stages of the cycle of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis are egg - larva - pupa - imago . The larvae are young animals that form and nature different from adults . Pupa is pupae during which the insects are not doing activities , it also happens when the refinement and organ formation . Imago is the phase or phases of breeding adults .
Based on the characteristics of the wings and mouth tool , it covers 6 Holometabola group order , ie the order ;
1 . Neuroptera
2 . Lepidoptera
3 . Diptera
4 . Coleoptera
5 . Siphonoptera
6 . Hymenoptera
Gratus an Order Neuroptera ( winged insect nets ) .
The hallmark of this insect is biting mouth , and have two pairs of wings that are shaped like veins nets .
Example : gratus complete metamorphosis ( life cycle : egg , larva , pupa ( chrysalis ) , imago , thus gratus is a phase in the larvae of insect metamorphosis .
Anatomy .
Gratus has a fleeting appearance similar to a dragonfly because both have a long abdomen and has two pairs of transparent wings veined on thoraxnya . He can be distinguished by seeing dragonflies with long antennae and the tip is slightly curved , the average size is smaller , and the eyes are located on the side of the head and eyes are smaller than dragonflies . Gratus also can not fly as fast and agile as the dragonfly because it is basically a weak fliers .
Gratus vary in size . Type gratus world Palpares genus known from living in Africa and wing span reaching 16 cm . The smallest species originating from the region of Arabia and its wings span is only about 2 cm . The majority gratus itself generally measuring between 4-10 cm .
Life cycle and reproduction .
Reproduction occurred not long after the retreat retreat just out of its cocoon . marriage begins when a pair gratus male and female perched in a tree . Gratus pair was then doing copulation by means of attaching each end of the tail . Copulation can last up to two hours . Gratus married females who will then go looking for a place to lay eggs and still might return to the same place to go back to marriage .
Gratus undergo complete metamorphosis : egg , larva , pupa , and adult . The development gratus begins when females lay their eggs in the sandy soil by means of tapping its abdomen into the ground and pulled her eggs there. In the catchment, gratus female can release up to 20 eggs once grain spawn and usually he chose the warm sand temperature . Sometimes, gratus females being put eggs in the sand caught by the larvae of other gratus accidental trapping adjacent to the nesting place .
The eggs will hatch gratus into larvae are stout , flat , six-legged , and has a pair of long fangs in his head . The majority of species gratus larvae will then set a trap on the ground with the way her body moves backward as the drill bit wear and start digging with a spiral motion until it formed a nest shaped like a funnel traps ( commonly called " gratus hole " ) . In some species such gratus Dendroleon pantheormis , larvae do not make a nest trap , but just hide in certain places and then pounce on small animals passing nearby . This unique on -departed departed larvae is they do not have the anus so that the pulp remnant metabolism will be stored and newly issued when they have become adults gratus .
The next phase in the growth phase gratus is a cocoon or pupa . They form a cocoon around her collection of sand grains held together with silk from glands on its abdomen . The cocoon is usually buried up to several centimeters in the soil . In the pupal phase changes shape in it and after about a month , gratus adults will come out and start waiting for its wings to dry before it can fly to find a mate . Gratus average adult aged 20-25 days , while some of them are also known to live up to the age of 45 days .
Behavior .
Gratus adults are rarely seen in the wild because he has actively come out in the afternoon and could be seen huddled at night when you're looking for a mate . They are also sometimes considered a nuisance to humans as if perched on a person , they can give a painful bite , although not enough to harm .
Food .
Larvae gratus famous as ferocious predators because they eat almost any kind of small arthropods , especially ants . He passively hunt by making a funnel-shaped trap nests , then hide in the middle there while waiting for incoming fall prey . If there is a trapped prey into the trap but can still move up , the larvae will gratus prey pelted with sand grains in order to slip . Larvae gratus know the presence of the victim by means of his victims feel the vibrations of the movement . Gratus larvae also have a pair of sharp jaw and in the end there is a hole to inject venom into prey to kill her body , and began to suck the body fluids .
Food gratus grown more varied . Most species live feed on nectar from flowers , while some other species live by eating small arthropods such as larval retreat retreat .
Use of withdraw -retreat as a drug .
In addition to the golden sea cucumber , retreat, retreat can also be used as an alternative medicine to overcome diabetes . Small animals commonly found in the sand around his own house and potent lowering blood sugar . Gratus have Myrmeleon sp Latin name was efficacious glucose level headed people diabetes.Berdasarkan research Tyas Kurniasih of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta , entitled Potential Assessment withdraw -
Gratus Army ( Myrmeleon sp ) 2006, these animals contain substances sulfonylurea . Working sulfonylurea on gratus is waging the pancreas to produce insulin . Because , when insulin in the human body decreases as blood glucose levels rise , then there is an imbalance . Where the energy -producing insulin as the body continues to decrease . As a result , the body susceptible to disease .
1 . immediately engulfed @ 3 or 5 tails . so after gratus taken and washed immediately wrote swallowed while drinking.
2 . Or buy empty capsules and put gratus alive into the capsule after washing .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/ant-lion.html
DatePublished: January 21, 2014 at 12:45
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Tag ; Know withdraw, retreat and usefulness, gratus
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