Riot in Constantinople.

Nika riots , or Nika Rebellion occurred during a week in Constantinople in 532 AD This riot was the largest in the history of Constantinople , with nearly 50 % of the city was burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people were killed .
On January 13, 532 , tense and angry mob arrived at the Hippodrome to watch the game . Hippodrome itself is located next to the palace complex , allowing Justinian to watch the game on the cover in the palace . From the beginning of the match, the crowd was shouting derision-scorn to Justinian. In the afternoon, when all 22 matches , mass appeal has been changed from " Blue " or " Green " , united into Nίκα ( " Nika " , meaning "Victory " or " Defeat ! " ) , And the first mass and break down the palace gates stormed into . Over the next five days , the castle was under siege apparent . The fire that started during the riots caused damage in most of the city , including the downtown church , Hagia Sophia (which was later rebuilt by Justinian ) .
Some of the Senators see this as an opportunity to overthrow Justinian , given that they also oppose the new tax rate set by the government and lack of support from aristocratic circles . The rioters , who are now armed and may have been controlled by their allies in the Senate , also requires Justinian to dismiss governors John of Cappadocia , who is responsible for tax collection and Tribonianus quaestor in charge of the recording laws . The rioters then appoint a new emperor, Hipatius, who is the nephew of the previous emperor, Anastasius I.
Justinian , in desperation , had considered running away from the city , but his wife Theodora prevent it by saying , " Anyone who has been wearing the imperial crown should not be letting go see her loss . I will never see a single day I am not saluted as empress . Although the escape route by sea was open to the emperor , Theodora insisted on staying in the city , citing an old quote , " Nobility is a beautiful burial shroud , " or perhaps , [ color empire ] " The color purple may be the color of the fabric beautiful shroud . "
Meanwhile , while preparing Justinian , he makes a plan involving Narses , a eunuch who is famous , as well as the generals , Belisarius and Mundus . With a bag of gold given by Justinian , Narses entered the Hippodrome alone and unarmed , confronted with a mass that has killed hundreds of people . Narses goes straight to the blue team , where he approached the influential Blue and remind them that the Emperor Justinian over their support than Green . Narses also remind them that they are false emperor crowned , Hipatius , was a sympathizer of the Green team . Later , he circulated the gold - gold . The Blue team leader then briefly discuss silent before then they spoke to his followers . Finally , in the middle of Hipatius coronation as emperor , the Blue team to break through the fence out the Hippodrome . Team Green just sat there , shocked . Then, the imperial army led by Belisarius and Mundus stormed the Hippodrome, killing the remaining rebels .
About thirty thousand rioters reported killed . Justinian also executed Hipatius and alienating senators who support the path of violence . He then rebuild Constantinople and the Hagia Sophia , and free to build his power . see also : 10 Most Anarchists and Deadly Demonstration in the World
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DatePublished: January 11, 2014 at 23:26

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Albino animals.

Animals White or albino existing and rarely seen in the world .

White Tiger .

Tigers are the largest cats in the world is . Tiger is characterized by having a creamy white coat with black stripes or random brown , bright blue eyes , and a striking pink nose . This disorder is caused by a double recessive allele in the genetic code and only occurs in one of 10,000 births .
Facts about White Tiger There are only about 200 white tigers left in the world . White patches of white tigers in the wild Bengal Recently in India in 1951 .

White Elephant.

The white elephant is considered sacred in some cultures , especially in India , Burma , Cambodia , and Thailand . Keeping a white elephant was a very expensive undertaking , because the owner must provide the elephant with special food and provide access for people who want to worship .

White lion .

White lions are found in wildlife reserves in South Africa and is a rare color mutation of the Kruger subspecies of lion ( Panthera leo krugeri ) . White lions are not albino lions . Instead , the white color is caused by a recessive gene known as chinchilla color inhibitor .
It has been perpetuated by selective breeding in zoos around the world . White lions first came to public attention in the 1970s in Chris McBride's book The White Lions of Timbavati . The largest population of white lions in zoos where they are deliberately bred to be maintained . The population of white lions is unknown but the most recent count was in 2004 and 30 were alive .

White Crocodile .

White Crocodile . They belong to the family Alligatoridae and limited to the southeastern United States. Their scientific name is Alligator Mississippie .
White alligator was first discovered by the Louisiana Land and Exploration Company in 1987 and was taken under the care and protection in Louisiana zoo . They were 18 hatchlings and all were male .
As with all the crocodile , they also live in freshwater marshes , swamps , rivers , lakes and small water bodies in the southeastern United States .

White giraffe .

Very rare white giraffe seen and photographed by Mrs K Little in Botswana in 2006 . Other white giraffe recorded in Tanzania in 1993 , but very few records
The only difference from the crocodiles are , the color of his skin that looks like a brownish white . There are two types of white alligators , crocodiles and alligators White Albino leucistic . They are very similar and confusing , but there is little difference between the two . Albinos have red eyes and Leucistics have blue eyes .

White Peacock .

They are known as the Albino Peacock , but this is not technically correct . This white peacock and genetic variants of Indian Blue Peacock .
Breeding through genetic mutation is being maintained and the white peacock can be found in parks and zoos around the world .

White Koala .

Koala is one of Australia's distinctive marsupial animal , and is the sole representative of the family Phascolarctidae . In 2007 it has been found that the White Koala has a black nose and yellow eyes , white color is caused by a recessive gene .
Many say that the word koala comes from indigenous Australian language which means not drinking . Koala drinking water but is actually very rare because of the food , eucalyptus leaves , already contains enough water so that the koala does not need to come down from the tree to drink .

White Turtle .

White turtle is an animal that is actually unique and very rare . Turtles are found in the yellow river in Henan province , China . White turtle got its own place in Chinese culture . Novel " journey to the west " which tells the classic story of Sun Go Kong and his friends never told him about a god who transformed into a large white turtle after making a mistake .
However , unlike the characters in the novel , white turtle only has a length of 40 cm and weighs 6.5 kg . Her body is white and decorated with pink spots faded .

Dolphin White .

Dolphins ( Dolphin ) White . They can be any color of light gray or white . They also may have a pink color to them depending on the location in which they live .
Experts believe that this is a way for them to change the blood vessels to adapt to different changes in temperature in which he lived .

Bats White .

Honduran white bat has snow white fur and a yellow nose and ears . It is tiny , only 37-47 mm . White bat found in Central America and the Caribbean . They are really cute and they look like a pig snout .

White Gorilla .

As the only albino gorilla who was rescued , Snowflake has a lot fascinated zoo visitors for nearly 40 years , before it finally died of skin cancer at the end of 2003
Most gorillas can only survive for 25 years , so that Snowflake has managed to break the record in his life , Snowflake 've done 22 times conception , but none tangible albino offspring . Thank you for reading this article .
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DatePublished: January 11, 2014 at 20:18

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Ramadhan month.

The month of Ramadan is not merely a holy month for Muslims. In Islamic history, a major event that is crucial and meaningful to Muslims occurred in this month.
At least , there are important events that happened in the history of Islam , either classic or modern . Are these events ?
Historic events in the Islamic month of Ramadan .

Liberation of Makkah ( Mecca Fathul ).

What it Fathul Makkah ? Fathul events Makkah is an event in which the end of the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad and Mecca seized and destroyed the idols in the vicinity. So the holy Kaaba back . The incident stems from a treaty in 628 AD Hudaibiyah It is an agreement between the Muslims and Quraysh . This agreement occurs when a group led by the Prophet Muhammad wanted to perform the Hajj in the House . However , the Quraish saw it as a threat . If the people of Medina , which is actually a rival of Quraish came to Makkah , then the response of the people later ? For this reason, the nobles of Quraysh with all efforts together a strategy , which binds the Muslims in an agreement that can not freely visit Mecca . And it came to pass Hudaibiyah agreement . Quraish 's fears appear reasonable , because after the Prophet and several hundred companions migrated from Makkah towards Yathrib ( Medina ) , between the Muslims and the Quraish almost always be wars are inevitable . In a siege for 20 days by 10 thousand Quraish against Medina in 627 AD , Prophet Muhammad and 3,000 Muslims managed to retain Medina .
Fill Hudaibiyah agreement include:

First , a truce for ten years.

Secondly , Muslims entered Makkah justified in the following year , staying there for three days with just carrying a weapon .

Third , working together in a case that led to goodness .

Fourth, the Quraysh who fled to Islamic parties must be returned to Makkah.

Fifth, Muslims who fled to Mecca is not returned to Medina,

sixth, the two sides should establish cooperation with other tribes but may not help in the case of war.

Finally, in 630 , exactly on the 10th of Ramadan, 8 H , Prophet Muhammad along with 10,000 troops moved from Medina to Mecca , and then controls overall Mecca without bloodshed in the slightest , and destroy the idols placed in and around the Kaaba .

Descended months Qur'an .

Allaah says in the Qur'an : " ( Some days it is specified ) Month of Ramadan , the month in which was revealed ( the beginning of ) the Qur'an as guidance for mankind and the explanations of the clues and the difference ( between the right and the vanity ) ... " ( Surah Al Baqarah : 185 )
Imam Ibn Kathir explains : " Allah praised Ramadan among other months , because he had chosen among all month as the month the Quran was revealed to him that the great " . As God specializes Ramadan as a month of the revelation of the Koran , in fact has been mentioned by the hadith that the month of Ramadan is also the book of Allah revealed to the Prophets before Prophet Muhammad .
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal in Musnadnya narrated : " The sheets ( shuhuf ) Prophet Ibrahim Ramadan was revealed at the beginning of the night and the Torah was revealed on the sixth of Ramadan , and the Gospel was revealed on the thirteenth day of Ramadan , the Qur'an was revealed in the twenty-fourth of Ramadan . " ( Narrated by Ahmad in Musnad , and declared hasan by Shaykh al - Albani in as- Lineage Ash - Shahihah , no. 1575)

Events of the Battle of Badr.

On Friday 2 years 2nd Ramadan H occurs first war in Islam is known Battle of Badr. Badr is the name of a place in a valley situated between Medina and Mecca Islamic Army master control strategic locations with existing water sources in the area .
This war involves as many as 313 members of the Islamic Army are dealing with 1,000 soldiers armed idolaters of Makkah complete . In this war , the Muslim army won the battle with idolaters killed 70 soldiers , 70 more in captivity . The rest fled .
This war is an extraordinary when Muslim armies were less quantity , completeness and weak from the point of fasting in Ramadan won the battle of Badr . This proves Muslims fasting is not the cause of the weak and lazy otherwise be trying to achieve the pleasure of Allah . People who are struggling to achieve the pleasure of Allah surely achieve the promised victory .
" Indeed Allah has helped you in the battle of Badr , when ye are ( when it's ) weak people . Therefore fear Allah , that ye may be grateful for him " ( Surah Al - Imran : 123 )

Islam in Yemen .

Yemen is located in the southern Arabian peninsula land . Prophet Muhammad sent Ali to bring his letter to residents , especially tribal Hamdan of Yemen . Within a period of one day , all of them converted to Islam safely . Historical events that occurred in the month of Ramadan in the 10th move .

Khalid bin Al Walid Raze Idols ' uzza .

After freeing the Muslims of Makkah , Prophet Muhammad cleansed by wiping out 360 sculptures around the Kaaba . Five days before the end of Ramadan , Year 9 H , the Prophet sent Khalid ibn Walid to destroy the statue al 'Uzza at Nakhla . According to the beliefs of the ignorant Arabs , al- ' Uzza is the statue of the goddess of the largest in the area . Khalid bin Walid task was to move toward Nakhla then destroy the statue al 'Uzza . After that , the worship of the statue came to an end .

Submission of Taif City .

Taif city never made ​​history when its residents expel the Prophet while preaching there . After he and the Muslims managed to liberate Makkah , the Banu Thaqif insist it would not submit to the Prophet Muhammad .
Prophet Muhammad and the Islamic army then advanced to Taif and surrounded it in a long time . Eventually the Banu Thaqif came to Makkah in the month of Ramadan , Year 9 H by giving the city of Taif as a sign of surrender .

Liberation of Andalusia ( Spain ) .

Andalus is the Arabic name given to areas of Liberia that part of the peninsula was ruled by Muslims for some time starting from 711 to 1492 AD At 28 years - 92 Ramadan H , Islam commander named Tariq ibn Ziyad sent the Umayyads rule for captivating Andalus .
Tariq Islam led the fleet across the sea that separates Africa and Europe . After the Islamic forces landing , Tariq burned military ships Islam so that they do not think to retreat . Tariq forces finally managed to control Andalus Andalus and rescue people who have been wronged . Islamic foothold in Andalus for eight centuries .

Zallaqah war in Portugal .

This event occurred after dawn Friday , the month of Ramadan in 459 H. At that time, there was a resurgence Murabit dynasty in North Africa . Governor of Cordova , Al Muktamin request assistance Murabit Dynasty Sultan , Yusuf bin Tasyifin to fight Alfonso VI .
Army led by Alfonso VI totaling 80,000 troops were defeated . In a short time the Sultan Yusuf had mastered the whole of Spain and save Muslims . After that , Murabit dynasty in Spain stood since 1090 until 1147 AD

Islamic Army Beat the Mongol Army .

In the year 126 to 1405 AD , the Mongol conquests widen almost all continents of Asia . According to history , the conquest of their empire covering 33 million square kilometers . Mongol army general known as Genghis Khan . In the conquest mission , they killed more than a million people of the country were defeated . Conquest they reach up to Moscow and Kiev .
In 1258 , the army generals leader Hulagu Khan invaded Baghdad which became the Abbasid Dynasty splendor . In the attack , many Muslims were killed and many books written by Islamic scholars thrown into the Euphrates River and Dajlah so that the water turns black as ink . At the same time 15 Ramadan 1260 H 658 AD , Islamic armies rise makes offensive reply . Islamic Army leaders and clerics Qutuz Sultan of the Mamluks, Egypt invaded Palestine after the Mongols mastered The two sides met at Ain Jalut . War ensued Ain Jalut .
In that battle , the Islamic army and captured the victory Kitbuqa Noyen , adviser to Hulagu Khan who advised him to attack Baghdad . Kitbuqa finally executed . The win was an incredible moment with the famous Mongol violence in the Muslim army eventually defeated .

Yakhliz war .

On 15 Ramadan 1294 H , Islamic armies of the Ottoman Empire led by Mukhtar Ahmad Basha with a number of Russian troops defeated 34,000 members , amounting to 740,000 . A total of 10,000 Russian soldiers were killed in the fighting . He became the pride of Muslims maintain that religion is threatened by the Tzar in the Russian government .

The capture of the Bar Lev Line , Israel .

In modern history , the Yom Kippur War occurred involving Islamic armies ( Egypt and Syria ) with Israeli soldiers on 10 Ramadan 1390 H coincides with 0ktober 6 to 22 or October 24, 1973 AD Yom Kippur War , also known as the Arab - Israeli war of 1973, the October War , and the War of Ramadan .
He was part of the Arab - Israeli conflict since 1948 . In June 1967, the six- day war between Israel and Egypt , Syria and Jordan . In the fighting, Israel had occupied the hills of the Golan, Syria , in the north and the peninsula of Sinai, Egypt , in the south up to the Suez canal . After that , Israel build defense in the Sinai and Golan hills . In 1971 , Israel allocates $ 500 million to build a fort and giant ground work called Bar Lev Line , named general of Israel , Haim Ber Lev .
Islamic Army captured the fort was once defeated Israel . Between the exciting events in this war is the role of an Islamic scholar Imam Mosque serves as the city of Suez , Hafiz Sheikh Salamah who led the war .
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DatePublished: January 11, 2014 at 14:31

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You Need to Know About Batik.

Batik is one way of making fabric. Besides batik can refer to two things. The first is the technique of coloring cloth using the night to prevent staining in part of the fabric. In the international literature, this technique is known as wax-resist dyeing. The second notion is the fabric or clothing made with these techniques, including the use of certain motives which have peculiarities. Batik Indonesia, as the overall engineering, technology, and development-related motives and culture, UNESCO has been designated a Cultural Heritage for Humanity Oral and Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) since October 2, 2009.Kata (batik) derived from the combination of two words Javanese: (amba), which means (writing) and (dot) meaningful (point)

History of Batik: 

Art staining fabric with stain barrier techniques using night is one of the ancient art form. The discovery in Egypt showed that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC, with the discovery mummy wrapping cloth which is also coated the night to form a pattern. In Asia, a similar technique of batik is also applied in China during the Tan Dynasty (618-907) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara Period (645-794). In Africa, such as batik technique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, Soninke and Wolof tribe as well as in Senegal. In Indonesia, batik is believed to have existed since the time of Majapahit, and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is it all until the early twentieth century and the new batik known after World War I or around the 1920's
Although the word (batik) comes from Javanese language, the presence of batik in Java itself is not recorded. G.P. Rouffaer found batik technique is likely introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century or the 7th. On the other hand, J.L.A. Brandes (Dutch archaeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (Indonesian historians) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of the area such as Toraja, Flores, Halmahera, and Papua. It should be noted that the area is not an area that is influenced by Hinduism but known to the ancient tradition of batik making.
G.P. Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using a canting, so he argues that the canting is found in Java in the period surrounding it. Detailed carvings that resemble the patterns of batik cloth worn by Prajnaparamita, the statue of the Buddhist goddess of wisdom from East Java, 13th century. Detailed clothing featuring vines pattern and intricate flowers that are similar to traditional Javanese batik patterns that can be found today. This suggests that making intricate batik patterns that can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier.

Types Corak Batik by: 

Batik Kraton
Batik Sudagaran
Batik Cuwiri
Batik Farmers
Batik Patch
Batik Sida Mukti
Batik Sekar Jagad
Batik Pringgondani
Batik Kawung
Batik Sida Luhur
Batik Sida Asih
Batik Rama Cement.
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DatePublished: January 09, 2014 at 20:15

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Temple of Queen Bajang.

Temple Queen bajang One relic of Majapahit Kingdom.
Bajang gate Kraton Ratu located in Hamlet , Village Temon , District Trowulan District . Mojokerto , East Java Province , with a direction toward the northeast and is located at an altitude of ± 41.49 meters above sea level . Description Bajang Queen Gate Building is a building shaped gate ' pradakursa ' that form an archway gate with a roof that blends ( having a roof ) . The main material is brick , but floors of stairs and thresholds ( lower and upper ) gate made ​​of stones.
Plan rectangular building , measuring 11.20 x 6.7 meters , with a height of 16 , 10 yards , have come out with a wide entrance hallway 1.40 meters . Overall, Queen's Gate Bajang consists of the parent with the structure of the legs , body and roof . In addition , the wing has a queen Bajang gate and fence walls on either side of its parts are decorated with reliefs . At the corners of each foot arch are panels on the front decorated with reliefs of story fragments Sri Tanjung ( the situation is visible wear and some are intentionally destroyed ) . The frosting on the first panel ( vaguely ) in the form of two people standing surrounded by tendrils supposedly a depiction of a man and a woman ( Sidapaksa and Sri Tanjung . )
The second panel there is a depiction of the fish on top there lawn ornament resembling a hump in the middle of the water ripples . People think the relief is a six -legged animal with a scorpion sting ( however , the search team will Nusantara Hindu mythology discourse in particular , there are no scorpions animal in Hindu mythology ) . In the third panel depicted a woman riding a fish carved reliefs similar to the previous ( second panel ) . Relief on the fourth panel depicts a woman looking back position , the source of which we get to explain that this is a relief sculpture on the part where Sri Tanjung once it gets to the afterlife .
At the gate wings are decorated with reliefs fragments viewer Ramayana , depicting two men who were fighting . One of them stepped on his defeat by the enemy in the form of an ape . The loser big and giant heads . Frame on either side of the entrance stands a sculpture by the long-eared animal -shaped tail roll spiraling upward. The tendrils roll was not completed in the chisel . Most of the frame is given a plain or scratches draft . On the top floor of a pair of pedestals carved with two holes hinge door opens into the door leaf .
Viewer - viewer archway decorated with seam down the middle seam and the seam above each engraved with floral decoration rhombus or long , there are some unfinished seam carving . The roof is decorated with many small sculptures that look beautiful and unique , each two layers of roof punctuated by a row of towers are solid and continued with the next level of the roof . The ornate tower of three levels . The two bottom layers of the roof that is not ornate or may have been damaged . Two -tier to two each decorated with : § Head when in the middle with a pair of long fangs similar to a pair of spines like cheek when Candi Jago.
The left side and right side of the head when flanked by two animals who stood face to face , but has a head only in the form of time . We get similar relief is also in Jago Temple . System sculptured in the form of animals or other creatures depicted facing toward the center . - Relief Sun Rays emit . The sun is a change in the shape of a head of time . At the third tier or decorated with reliefs of the head or maybe carved eagle head tilted . Relief is found in the middle and upper corners . When the heads are in the middle flanked by a pair of animals like motif found in Panataran Temple .
Two top tier decorated with a shape like a snail fourth round , either in the middle or in the corner of the roof . Decorations on the roof level below the roof peak form geometric decoration and flower petals , while the top of the roof itself is decorated like a hump . Bajang queen in the history of the Queen Bajang probably built around the 13th century s / d 14th century AD . Queen Bajang name was first found in Oudheidkundig Versalag ( OV ) in 1915 , which states that the building has been repaired with reinforcement at corners by filling species from a mixture of fine sand on the PC and nat - nat is tenuous . Long before that , the people around Trowulan have called it.
Bajang means small / dwarf , as well as Pabajangan word meaning a small child 's grave . According to the locals said , Arch Bajang Queen is a building constructed to commemorate Jayanegara as Crown Prince in the womb during the Majapahit which he has been crowned the Kumaraja ( Viceroy ) . Another opinion says that the Arch was built to commemorate Queen Bajang a crown prince in the womb during the Majapahit had become king ( determined to be King Substitute ) but the crown baby later died at birth and failed to become the King (Queen).
In Pararaton explained that Jayanegara died in 1328 AD
The text reads : " sira dhinarmeng Kapopongan , bhisekering cranggapura , pratistaning antawulan . " Said cranggapura the same as the estimated Pararaton Cri Ranggapura in Nagarakertagama , sedangan Antarwulan ( Trowulan ) equals Antarisasi . Thus , On this basis it can be said that the Dharma ( sacred place ) located in King Jayanegara Kapopongan aka Cri Cranggapura or Ranggapura . Pratistanya ( sacred buildings ) are in Antarwulan / Antarisasi or Trowulan .
Jayanegara ( Kalagement ) is the king of Majapahit who ruled between the years of 1309 to 1328 AD He was the son of Kertarajasa with Dyah Sri Tribhuwaneswari . In the inscription which dates to 1245 Taharu Çaka ( 1323 AD ) , Jayanegara mentioned by name Sundara Pandyadewadhiswara Cri glass . At the time of his father still ruled in 1218 that the S ( 1296 AD ) , he was crowned as King Young ( Kumararaja ) with the name of Sri Jayanegara empowerment . This may have something to do with the name Bajang Queen , which was crowned when still " bajang " so clearly the queen ( king ) while still ' bajang ' or Queen or Bajang Bajang and Queen became the title attached to it .
Can be inferred with respect to the above description , the Queen allegedly Bajang gate function as the entrance to a sacred building ( commemorating the death of Jayanegara ) Negarakertagama mentioned that the return to the world of Vishnu . These allegations led to the relief of the Sri Tanjung fragment and a fragment of the Ramayana reliefs that have meaning as a symbol series release / death . The restoration and Utilization Gate Queen Bajang restored since 1985/1986 to 1991/1992 . Restoration is part of a larger project activity restoration / maintenance of the former capital of Majapahit in Trowulan .
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DatePublished: January 9, 2014 at 19:18

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Hindu Tengger.

Tengger is a town or village which is under the foot of Mount Bromo in East Java . In the first year 100 BC the Vaishya Hindu religion Brahma who resides on the shores of which are now called the town of Pasuruan and Probolinggo . Once Islam began to enter in Java in the year 1426 BC and where they begin their desperate search for the areas that are difficult to reach by humans ( immigrants ) that is perched on the mountainous area , in the end they formed a group known as the perch pole ( the perch ) .
Tengger people have confidence that Mahayana Hindu . In the 16th century , the cult of Brahma in Tengger arrival escape from the Hindu Parsi ( parsi derived from the Persian word , namely " areas around the country of Iran " ) . Finally , the original religion of Brahma Tengger switch to Parsi religion , namely Hinduism Parsi. Conversion of the Tengger Hindu Brahmin religion to Persia did not necessarily eliminate all of their initial beliefs. Tengger people still do Buddhism. Even this habit eventually adopted also by Hindus Parsi .

There are three principles of Hinduism Tengger among others :

Worship of God.
Veneration of ancestors.
Worship of the universe.

Tengger people believe Sang Hyang Agung , the spirits of the ancestors , the law of karma , reincarnation , and moksha . Tengger confidence against the spirit manifested as danyang ( village guardian spirits ) who worshiped in a punden . Punden usually located under a large tree or under a large rock . Spirit ancestral village founders get bigger cult worship in a shrine . Once a year the people of Tengger tribe held a ceremony of worship ancestral spirits in the crater of Mount Bromo called Kasada ceremony . Religious teachings are united in a holy book written on palm leaves known dengal Primbon name . Offerings and spells very strong influence in the Tengger community . Tengger people believe that spells they use spells white is not black spells that are harmful .
In performing worship , worship Tengger people in punden , disa and potent . Potent is a place of worship for the Hindu Tengger people . The existence of potent exist on a plot of land in a sea of ​​sand as the venue for the ceremony
Kasada . Potent consists of several buildings arranged in an arrangement of composition in the yard that is divided into three Mandala / zones namely :

Mandala ( Offal ) .

Place of execution of cult worship which consists of : lotus temple complete with pepalihan similar . The main function of the lotus is a place of worship of Almighty God. Padma has no roof and is composed of the so-called side: the legs, body / head with the name of the shelf and cider complete with Bedawang , Nala , Garuda and geese .
Nala Bedawang depicts a giant tortoise supports padmasana , wrapped by one or two- tailed Dragon , Garuda and geese flying in the rear position lotus body . Each of these animals symbolize the majesty of form and function padmasana . Building Sekepat ( four poles ) or greater is at the side of the building sehadapan worship / Padmasana , facing east or in accordance with the orientation of the building and open worship all four sides . Its function for the presentation ceremony or activity means a series of ceremonies . Bale Pawedan and shamans place during worship.
Kori Agung Bentar Temple , shaped like the pillar head wearing a crown coil rectangle or polygon terraced building tapers upwards with square or rectangular lot with side edges around alit fathoms , fathoms or fathoms glorious middle . Building height can range from as large or tall monument to about 100 meters allows also made ​​higher by paying attention to the beauty of the temple briefly proportions . For the entrance of the temple grounds of the temple toward the mandala Jaba side / harsh or Jaba the middle / main mandala can be a bun or kori grand temple with a wide variety of ornaments . For the entrance of the temple grounds Jaba middle / Mandala Mandala Associate Associate innards according to the proportion of the beauty of form and function of the magnitude of terraced roofs of three to eleven according to its function . For the entrance located on the wall penyengker / temple yard barrier .

Mandala Associate ( Middle Jaba ) .

Place ceremony preparation and accompaniment consists of : Kori Agung Temple Bentar , a similar shape to the monument , his head wearing a crown coil rectangle or polygon terraced building tapers upward with squares, rectangles or polygons with sides approximately one fathom alit , middle fathoms , fathoms grand .
Bale Kentongan , called kul - kul bale is in the corner of the front yard of the temple , the composition side: shape , shelf , cider and roof coverings kul-kul/kentongan room . Its function is to place kul - kul who sounded early , late and when certain of a series of ceremonies . Blank bale or so-called holy Pewarengan be between Jaba middle / intermediate mandala , mandala insult / Jaba side . Blank bale building has the shape of a square or elongated rows of two - pole two or many building area for the kitchen . Its function is to prepare the dish ceremonial purposes need to be prepared in the temple which is generally far from the village where residential .

Mandala Nista ( Jaba side ) .

Place the transition from outside to inside the temple which consisted of building temple briefly / other supporting buildings . Temple courtyard bounded by a boundary wall penyengker entrance in the front yard or in the middle jabaan / hand wear temple briefly and the main entrance to the innards wear Kori Agung . Wall penyengker kori agung temple briefly and there are various forms of creation according to the variety and beauty of its architecture . Building temples are generally facing west , entering the temple toward the east as well as worship and praying facing east toward the rising sun . The composition of the temple building times in a row between the south or south - south on the east side facing west and partly on the north side facing south .
Thank you for reading this article.  Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/hindu-tengger.html
DatePublished: January 9, 2014 at 18:26

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Tag ; Hindu Tengger

WTC bombing.

As reported by the Washington Times, stated: "There is still a technical question
mark about the September 11 attacks are still hanging in the minds of some people, and it spread to the political sphere". "How likely weighing 200,000 tons of steel disintegrate and collapse in just 11 seconds? Thousands of architects and engineers questioned it, they called on the Congress to order a new investigation of the events of the collapse of the twin towers and Building 7 (7 World Trade Center)".
"Issues surrounding the government's official version never expires. According to a number of world-renowned experts think, it is not likely to happen."
"To demolish such buildings in a short time, then there must be an artificial explosion in the building. Explosion and should lead to the outside," says Richard Gage, a San Francisco architect who founded the nonprofit organization Architecs & Engineers for 9/11 Truth.
Gage, who is a member of American Institute of Architects, was able to persuade his colleagues of more than 1,000 people to sign a new petition and called for an official investigation.
"Report of the Federal Emergency Management and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) regarding the destruction of these buildings proved insufficient, contains contradictions, and falsehood. Therefore, we called for an investigation of NIST officials," they wrote.
Gage added that the technical issues surrounding the collapse of the twin towers which fueled the debate, rebuttal and ridicule over the years.
Tim King of Salem News website states: "The U.S. government does want the public to believe that the buildings collapsed due to fire fresh vegetables. However, in history there has never been able to fire tear down skyscrapers. Flames did burn up the framework of the building, but fire can not tear down the building. "
"Let's just say it may happen, then the twin towers became the most unlikely of building collapse. Framework of the twin towers of steel will not be until the collapse, even if the building itself collapses."
"When we started to write on this subject. Matt Lintz, our web designer, aware of the efforts of the U.S. Air Force to hack websites Salem News."
Salem News said that perhaps half of the U.S. population still do not realize that there is a third building which also collapsed on September 11, 2001. And the building was not hit by a plane. However, in the building there are many valuable notes for the financial industry.
" Gage words echoed throughout the country , throughout the university and construction companies . Buildings Construction of the towers is designed specifically to be able to withstand the impact of a jet crash . FYI , jet fuel similar to diesel fuel and does not have the effect of very high . On the radio channel , the local fire department to discuss about how easy it is to extinguish the embers of a plane crash , in fact it only takes a few people fighting alone . "
Jeff Gates, a writer at the Salem News, say that the only country that will benefit from the war (after the events of 9/11) is Israel.
"For example, a theorist would be able to predict that after an event like 9/11, the U.S. would deploy its military forces to counter the attacks. With false intelligence who deliberately set out to achieve the goals that have been designed before, it can be seen that the forces is directed to invade Iraq, not to reply to the events of 9/11, but in working towards the expansion of Israeli territory. "
Strengthening these thoughts, Mike O Cathail Salem News wrote, "The day after 9/11, Benjamin Netanyahu said that inadvertent deaths of 3,000 American citizens is a very good thing for Israel. Mass murder is very good for the economic sectors Israel is growing. "
Richard Gage in particular felt something strange with Building 7, a 47-story skyscraper, which was not hit by a plane, "but the building collapsed at high speed". He also said that there are more than 100 first reporter to mention about hearing explosions and flashes when the buildings collapsed. "Some expressed a building parts made of steel thrown horizontally as far as 600 feet (182 meters) with a speed of 60 meters per hour and concrete and metal decking weighing 90,000 tons which collapsed instantly."
Salem News adds: "Most experts agree that the buildings could collapse in such a way only if it was blown up from the inside. Experts who have worked on such a blast in Las Vegas, at least before the national economic crisis, putting explosives in the main hall- elevator hall and also at different points in the structure of the building stragtegis. "
"If you watch the slow-motion collapse of the WTC towers, it can be seen easily that there is a planned series of explosions."
"There is also evidence of advanced nano explosive material in the dust of the World Trade Center," said Gage. He added that the group filed a petition has been presented to members of Congress.
"But, of course Rudy Giuliani, mayor of New York at the time, got rid of the evidence quickly," added Salem News.
"There is a long list of federal investigators who say that they are not allowed to do their job or completing the investigation."
Thank you for reading this article.  Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/wtc-bombing.html
DatePublished: January 8, 2014 at 23:00
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Tag ; WTC.