Hindu Tengger.

Tengger is a town or village which is under the foot of Mount Bromo in East Java . In the first year 100 BC the Vaishya Hindu religion Brahma who resides on the shores of which are now called the town of Pasuruan and Probolinggo . Once Islam began to enter in Java in the year 1426 BC and where they begin their desperate search for the areas that are difficult to reach by humans ( immigrants ) that is perched on the mountainous area , in the end they formed a group known as the perch pole ( the perch ) .
Tengger people have confidence that Mahayana Hindu . In the 16th century , the cult of Brahma in Tengger arrival escape from the Hindu Parsi ( parsi derived from the Persian word , namely " areas around the country of Iran " ) . Finally , the original religion of Brahma Tengger switch to Parsi religion , namely Hinduism Parsi. Conversion of the Tengger Hindu Brahmin religion to Persia did not necessarily eliminate all of their initial beliefs. Tengger people still do Buddhism. Even this habit eventually adopted also by Hindus Parsi .

There are three principles of Hinduism Tengger among others :

Worship of God.
Veneration of ancestors.
Worship of the universe.

Tengger people believe Sang Hyang Agung , the spirits of the ancestors , the law of karma , reincarnation , and moksha . Tengger confidence against the spirit manifested as danyang ( village guardian spirits ) who worshiped in a punden . Punden usually located under a large tree or under a large rock . Spirit ancestral village founders get bigger cult worship in a shrine . Once a year the people of Tengger tribe held a ceremony of worship ancestral spirits in the crater of Mount Bromo called Kasada ceremony . Religious teachings are united in a holy book written on palm leaves known dengal Primbon name . Offerings and spells very strong influence in the Tengger community . Tengger people believe that spells they use spells white is not black spells that are harmful .
In performing worship , worship Tengger people in punden , disa and potent . Potent is a place of worship for the Hindu Tengger people . The existence of potent exist on a plot of land in a sea of ​​sand as the venue for the ceremony
Kasada . Potent consists of several buildings arranged in an arrangement of composition in the yard that is divided into three Mandala / zones namely :

Mandala ( Offal ) .

Place of execution of cult worship which consists of : lotus temple complete with pepalihan similar . The main function of the lotus is a place of worship of Almighty God. Padma has no roof and is composed of the so-called side: the legs, body / head with the name of the shelf and cider complete with Bedawang , Nala , Garuda and geese .
Nala Bedawang depicts a giant tortoise supports padmasana , wrapped by one or two- tailed Dragon , Garuda and geese flying in the rear position lotus body . Each of these animals symbolize the majesty of form and function padmasana . Building Sekepat ( four poles ) or greater is at the side of the building sehadapan worship / Padmasana , facing east or in accordance with the orientation of the building and open worship all four sides . Its function for the presentation ceremony or activity means a series of ceremonies . Bale Pawedan and shamans place during worship.
Kori Agung Bentar Temple , shaped like the pillar head wearing a crown coil rectangle or polygon terraced building tapers upwards with square or rectangular lot with side edges around alit fathoms , fathoms or fathoms glorious middle . Building height can range from as large or tall monument to about 100 meters allows also made ​​higher by paying attention to the beauty of the temple briefly proportions . For the entrance of the temple grounds of the temple toward the mandala Jaba side / harsh or Jaba the middle / main mandala can be a bun or kori grand temple with a wide variety of ornaments . For the entrance of the temple grounds Jaba middle / Mandala Mandala Associate Associate innards according to the proportion of the beauty of form and function of the magnitude of terraced roofs of three to eleven according to its function . For the entrance located on the wall penyengker / temple yard barrier .

Mandala Associate ( Middle Jaba ) .

Place ceremony preparation and accompaniment consists of : Kori Agung Temple Bentar , a similar shape to the monument , his head wearing a crown coil rectangle or polygon terraced building tapers upward with squares, rectangles or polygons with sides approximately one fathom alit , middle fathoms , fathoms grand .
Bale Kentongan , called kul - kul bale is in the corner of the front yard of the temple , the composition side: shape , shelf , cider and roof coverings kul-kul/kentongan room . Its function is to place kul - kul who sounded early , late and when certain of a series of ceremonies . Blank bale or so-called holy Pewarengan be between Jaba middle / intermediate mandala , mandala insult / Jaba side . Blank bale building has the shape of a square or elongated rows of two - pole two or many building area for the kitchen . Its function is to prepare the dish ceremonial purposes need to be prepared in the temple which is generally far from the village where residential .

Mandala Nista ( Jaba side ) .

Place the transition from outside to inside the temple which consisted of building temple briefly / other supporting buildings . Temple courtyard bounded by a boundary wall penyengker entrance in the front yard or in the middle jabaan / hand wear temple briefly and the main entrance to the innards wear Kori Agung . Wall penyengker kori agung temple briefly and there are various forms of creation according to the variety and beauty of its architecture . Building temples are generally facing west , entering the temple toward the east as well as worship and praying facing east toward the rising sun . The composition of the temple building times in a row between the south or south - south on the east side facing west and partly on the north side facing south .
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DatePublished: January 9, 2014 at 18:26

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Tag ; Hindu Tengger

WTC bombing.

As reported by the Washington Times, stated: "There is still a technical question
mark about the September 11 attacks are still hanging in the minds of some people, and it spread to the political sphere". "How likely weighing 200,000 tons of steel disintegrate and collapse in just 11 seconds? Thousands of architects and engineers questioned it, they called on the Congress to order a new investigation of the events of the collapse of the twin towers and Building 7 (7 World Trade Center)".
"Issues surrounding the government's official version never expires. According to a number of world-renowned experts think, it is not likely to happen."
"To demolish such buildings in a short time, then there must be an artificial explosion in the building. Explosion and should lead to the outside," says Richard Gage, a San Francisco architect who founded the nonprofit organization Architecs & Engineers for 9/11 Truth.
Gage, who is a member of American Institute of Architects, was able to persuade his colleagues of more than 1,000 people to sign a new petition and called for an official investigation.
"Report of the Federal Emergency Management and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) regarding the destruction of these buildings proved insufficient, contains contradictions, and falsehood. Therefore, we called for an investigation of NIST officials," they wrote.
Gage added that the technical issues surrounding the collapse of the twin towers which fueled the debate, rebuttal and ridicule over the years.
Tim King of Salem News website states: "The U.S. government does want the public to believe that the buildings collapsed due to fire fresh vegetables. However, in history there has never been able to fire tear down skyscrapers. Flames did burn up the framework of the building, but fire can not tear down the building. "
"Let's just say it may happen, then the twin towers became the most unlikely of building collapse. Framework of the twin towers of steel will not be until the collapse, even if the building itself collapses."
"When we started to write on this subject. Matt Lintz, our web designer, aware of the efforts of the U.S. Air Force to hack websites Salem News."
Salem News said that perhaps half of the U.S. population still do not realize that there is a third building which also collapsed on September 11, 2001. And the building was not hit by a plane. However, in the building there are many valuable notes for the financial industry.
" Gage words echoed throughout the country , throughout the university and construction companies . Buildings Construction of the towers is designed specifically to be able to withstand the impact of a jet crash . FYI , jet fuel similar to diesel fuel and does not have the effect of very high . On the radio channel , the local fire department to discuss about how easy it is to extinguish the embers of a plane crash , in fact it only takes a few people fighting alone . "
Jeff Gates, a writer at the Salem News, say that the only country that will benefit from the war (after the events of 9/11) is Israel.
"For example, a theorist would be able to predict that after an event like 9/11, the U.S. would deploy its military forces to counter the attacks. With false intelligence who deliberately set out to achieve the goals that have been designed before, it can be seen that the forces is directed to invade Iraq, not to reply to the events of 9/11, but in working towards the expansion of Israeli territory. "
Strengthening these thoughts, Mike O Cathail Salem News wrote, "The day after 9/11, Benjamin Netanyahu said that inadvertent deaths of 3,000 American citizens is a very good thing for Israel. Mass murder is very good for the economic sectors Israel is growing. "
Richard Gage in particular felt something strange with Building 7, a 47-story skyscraper, which was not hit by a plane, "but the building collapsed at high speed". He also said that there are more than 100 first reporter to mention about hearing explosions and flashes when the buildings collapsed. "Some expressed a building parts made of steel thrown horizontally as far as 600 feet (182 meters) with a speed of 60 meters per hour and concrete and metal decking weighing 90,000 tons which collapsed instantly."
Salem News adds: "Most experts agree that the buildings could collapse in such a way only if it was blown up from the inside. Experts who have worked on such a blast in Las Vegas, at least before the national economic crisis, putting explosives in the main hall- elevator hall and also at different points in the structure of the building stragtegis. "
"If you watch the slow-motion collapse of the WTC towers, it can be seen easily that there is a planned series of explosions."
"There is also evidence of advanced nano explosive material in the dust of the World Trade Center," said Gage. He added that the group filed a petition has been presented to members of Congress.
"But, of course Rudy Giuliani, mayor of New York at the time, got rid of the evidence quickly," added Salem News.
"There is a long list of federal investigators who say that they are not allowed to do their job or completing the investigation."
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DatePublished: January 8, 2014 at 23:00
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About Mussolini.

History records the name of Benito Mussolini as a founder of the Axis of Evil is real . Italian dictator in control of the country by spreading fear and forge an alliance with Nazi Germany .

But on Tuesday , revealed a new fact about the history of Mussolini , the brief career as a British secret agent .
The files revealed that Mussolini began his political career in 1917 , mostly done with the help of a salary of 100 pounds per week . The money comes from the British intelligence agency , which is also known as MI5 .
For the UK , it is a profitable investment . Mussolini , who was then a 34 -year -old journalist , was not only willing to give certainty about Italy 's willingness to fight alongside the allies in World War I , by way of promotion in the news spread in the newspaper . He was also willing to send the boys to " persuade" peace protesters to stay and not leave the house .
Mussolini's payments were authorized by Sir Samuel Hoare , a British MP and MI5's man in Rome , which had staff at that time consisted of 100 British intelligence officers in Italy .
Cambridge historian Peter Martland , who revealed details of the agreement made with the former dictator , said : " At that time , an ally of Britain's least reliable in wars was Italy after revolutionary Russia's pullout from the conflict . Mussolini get paid 100 pounds per week, ranging from the fall of 1917 until at least one year, to keep alive the pro - war campaign. 100 pounds at the time equivalent to about 6,000 pounds at the present time .
Hoare , who later became Lord Templewood , mentioned the recruitment in memoirs released in 1954 , but Martland did not give details about the first payment to Mussolini .
In addition to keeping the presses rolling at Il Popolo in Italy , the name of the newspaper in which Mussolini worked as an editor , he also told Hoare he would send Italian army veterans to beat up peace protesters in Milan , a beginning of a unit fascist black shirts ( BlackShirt of) her .
"The last thing Britain wanted were bringing the factories in Milan to a halt which was held by pro- peace demonstrators . Paying a journalist at that time require substantial funds , but when compared to the £ 4m Britain to be incurred each the next in a war , then the amount of petty cash , " said Martland .
" I have no evidence for this, but I suspect , Mussolini , known as a womanizer , also spent a lot of money for the women . "
After the armistice , Mussolini began to pave his way to power , assisted by electoral fraud and violence committed line of black shirts , Mussolini founded the Italian Fascist dictatorship in the mid-1920s .
Colonial ambitions in Africa in 1935 making Mussolini re- establish contact with the " boss " ever. Hoare who was then serving as British foreign secretary , signed the Hoare -Laval pact , which gave Italy control over Abyssinia to .
" There is absolutely no reason to believe that the two men are friends , although Hoare did have a " love affair " with Italy , " said Martland , whose research is included in Christopher Andrew's history of MI5 paper , Defence of the Realm , and published last week .
The unpopularity of the Hoare - Laval pact in Inggrisn forced Hoare to resign . While Mussolini actually build colonial influence through the fabric of his new alliance with Hitler . Mussolini entered a phase of World War II , but this time he fought against allied forces ,
After the post- invasion ally ousted in Italy in 1943 , Mussolini was killed along with his mistress , Clara Petacci , by a group of Italian fighters when attempting to escape from the country towards Switzerland .
Martland said : "Mussolini ended life by hanging upside down in the city of Milan, but history does not favor Hoare , he was denounced as a supporter of fascism , along with ( former British prime minister ) Neville Chamberlain . "
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DatePublished: January 8, 2014 at 09:57

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The Battle Ambarawa.

History Ambarawa Battle - Battle in Magelang - Ambarawa occurred on November 20, 1945 and ended on December 15, 1945 . The battle took place between the forces of TKR with the Indonesian people against the advancing British allies 

Battle History Ambarawa - Magelang .

The incident background in Magelang incident after landing Artillery Brigade of the 23rd Indian Division in Semarang on ADate October 20, 1945 . Party of Indonesia to allow them to enter the territory of Indonesia to take care of the Dutch prisoners of war who are in prison Ambarwa and Magelang . But the arrival of the allied British forces was followed by NICA people who then arming former prisoners . On October 26, 1945 an incident in the town of Magelang TKR developed into a battle with the combined forces troops allied British and NICA . The incident stopped after President Sukarno and Brigadier General Bethell came to Magelang November 2 , 1945. They strike a truce and obtain an agreement as outlined in chapter 12 . 

The document that contains them :

Allied troops will still be put in Magelang to protect and take care of the evacuation APWI ( Allied Prisoners War And Interneers or allied prisoners of war and internees ) . Limited number of allied forces in accordance with the purpose.

Ambarawa road - Magelang open as traffic Indonesia - Allied

Allies will not recognize NICA activities in bodies beneath it .

Party ally turns out to break her promise . On November 20, 1945 in Ambarawa fighting broke out between the forces under the command of Major Sumarto TKR and Allied soldiers . On November 21, 1945, the allied forces were drawn into Ambarawa Magelang . However , on 22 November 1945 a battle raged in the town and allied forces bombing the villages located around Ambarawa .

TKR troops along with troops from Boyolali youth , Salatiga , the Dutch cemetery Kartsura survive , thus forming field lines along the railroad tracks and splitting Ambarawa . Meanwhile , from the direction of Magelang TKR forces of division V / Navan under the leadership of Imam Androngi conducted dawn raids on 21 November 1945 and managed to occupy and seize Pingit village surrounding villages formerly occupied ally .

Imam Androngi Battalion forward movement followed by 3 battalions pursuit of Yogyakarta , namely Battalion 10 Division III under the leadership of mayor Suharto , Battalion 8 under the leadership of Major and Battalion Sardjono Sugeng . The enemy finally besieged . Nevertheless , the enemy forces trying to break the siege by threatening the position of the forces behind with his tanks . To avoid casualties , the troops retreated to Bendano . With the help of the second regiment led by M Sarbini , Battalion of Yogyakarta , managed detained enemy movement in the village of Jambu .

The commander of troops then held a coordination meeting led by Colonel Alexander Holland . That meeting resulted in the formation of the so-called command headquarters and housed in Leadership Battle Magelang . Since then , Ambarawa divided into four sectors, namely northern , southern sector , west sector , and the eastern sector . On 26 November 1945 , leaders from Navan TKR troops Lieutenant Colonel Isdimin fall and was replaced by Colonel Sudirman . TKR troops fighting favorable situation . British allied forces were expelled from Banyubiru on December 5, 1945 , which is a line of defense .

On December 11, 1945 , Colonel Sudirman took the initiative to gather each sector commander . Finally Colonel Sudirman take a conclusion that enemy forces had been squashed and it needs to be implemented for the final assault . Planned attack on the date of December 12, 1945 at 04:30 led by individual commanders who would strike suddenly from all sectors . The existence of bodies can be back-up power struggle .

On December 12, 1945 early morning , TKR troops moving towards target , respectively . Within half an hour TKR troops encircled the enemy in the city . Defense is expected to be the strongest enemy in Fort Willem located in the middle of the city Ambawara . Ambarawa city under siege for four days and nights . On December 15, 1945 , the enemy left and backwards to Semarang Ambarawa . Fighting in this Ambarawa significant importance as a very strategic location . If the enemy can threaten their master Ambarawa three major cities in Central Java, Surakarta , Magelang , Yogyakarta and especially at the center position of supreme headquarters TKR .

Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com

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DatePublished: January 8, 2014 at 08:57

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Tag ; Ambarawa Insident.

10 November incident.

Events of 10 November is a historical event of war between Indonesia and the Netherlands . On March 1, 1942 , Japanese troops landed on the island of Java , and seven days later, on March 8 , the Dutch colonial government surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese . Since then , Indonesia was occupied by the Japanese . Three years later , Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies after the dropping of the atomic bomb ( the United States ) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki . The incident occurred in August 1945 . Fill the vacancy , then proclaimed Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945 . Before stripped by the allies , the people and the Indonesian fighters attempted to disarm the Japanese troops . So there was the battles that claimed in many areas . When the movement to disarm the Japanese troops were blazing , September 15 , 1945, British troops landed in Jakarta , then landed in Surabaya on October 25 . British soldiers brought to Indonesia and the decision on behalf of the Allies , with the task to disarm the Japanese army , freeing the prisoners detained Japan , and the Japanese soldiers repatriated to his country . But , other than that , the British also brought a mission to restore Indonesia to the Dutch government as a colony . NICA ( Netherlands Indies Civil Administration ) was piggybacking . That's what blew anger Indonesian people everywhere .

In Surabaya, the Dutch flag waving, Red-White-Blue, in Yamato, has spawned Tunjungan incident, which sparked reignite armed clashes between British troops struggle with bodies formed by the people . Armed clashes with British troops in Surabaya , culminating in the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby , ( head of the British army for the East Java ) , on October 30 .
After the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby , successor ( Major General Mansergh ) issued an ultimatum which is an insult to the fighters and the people generally . In the ultimatum stated that all leaders and the Indonesian armed to report and put the gun in the place designated and submit himself with the arms raised above . Limit ultimatum is at 6:00 am on 10 November 1945 .

The ultimatum was rejected by Indonesia . Therefore , the Republic of Indonesia at that time had stood ( although recently proclaimed ) , and the People's Security Army ( TKR ) as a tool of the state has also been established .
In addition , many organizations struggle that has shaped society , including among youth , students and learners . Agencies that struggle has emerged as a manifestation of collective determination to defend the young republic , to disarm the Japanese troops , and to oppose the re-entry of Dutch colonialism ( the ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia ) .
On November 10 morning , British troops began a massive attack and a powerful one , by deploying about 30,000 troops , 50 aircraft , and a large number of warships .
Various parts of the city of Surabaya bombarded with bombs , fired indiscriminately with cannon from the sea and land . Thousands of residents were affected, many have died and many more were injured . However , resistance fighters also raged throughout the city , with the active assistance of the residents .
The British assumed that the resistance of the people of Indonesia in Surabaya can be conquered within 3 days , with a complete deploy modern weaponry , including aircraft , warships , tanks , and armored vehicles pretty much .
But unexpectedly , it turns out the public figures consisting of ulama ' and the priest -chaplain java hut like KH . Hasyim , KH . Wahab Hasbullah priest -chaplain and other boarding schools exert their students and the general public ( at that time the community was not so obedient to the government but they are more docile and obedient to the chaplain) there are also young pioneers like Bung Tomo and others. So that it can last a long resistance , lasts from day to day , week to week and from the other . Popular resistance initially spontaneous and uncoordinated , increasingly regular . This massive battle takes up to a month , before the whole town fell in the hands of the British .
Bloody events in Surabaya when it also has to move around the Indonesian people's resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. The number of fighters who died and the people who became victims when that is later remembered as Heroes' Day .
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DatePublished: January 7, 2014 at 22:09

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Tag ; 10 Nopember, incident.

Bambang Sunarno slideshow

This slideshow author created because the authors pique because Google Adsense advertising on the blog has not led to the author. 

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DatePublished: January 7, 2014 at 20:31

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Tag ; pique.

About Bandung Sea of Fire.

March 24, 1946 . The cold air that night did not dampen the spirit of the two young men to test their guts Republic : beloved city burned . Armed with hand grenades , they intend to blow up 1,100 tons of gunpowder in the arsenal belonging to the Japanese in the area Dayeuh Conservative , south London . Two youth was later immortalized by the name of Muhammad Toha history and Muhammad Ramdan .
On the day of the Assembly of the Union of Struggle Priangan ( MP3 ) has decided Bandung will be burned so that allied forces could not use the facilities abandoned city residents and the army of the Republic . The consensus decision was announced by Colonel Abdel Haris Nasoetion as Commander Division III / Priangan . He also asked about 200 thousand citizens of Bandung to leave the city when it was . Ramdan Mohamad Mohamad Toha and sent to the heroic task .
Earlier on 21 November 1945 , the first allied forces delivered an ultimatum that northern Bandung Indonesia vacated by no later than 29 November 1945 .
The threat was made ​​a furious Republican fighters . Since the frequent incidents crossfire between allied forces and fighters of the Republic . Because of lost weapons , not the soldiers finally managed to retain the republic north of Bandung . Until March 23, 1946 , two days before the event Bandung Ocean of Fire , allied forces deliver an ultimatum demanding both the Army of the Republic of Indonesia ( TRI ) emptying south London .
At that time the Minister of People's Security Sjarifoeddin Amir came to London and TRI ordered to vacate the city . Although the order was reluctantly obeyed . However, before leaving London , TRI launch an attack on the allied army posts .
In the midst of a great battle against the allied forces of the Republic of fighters that young figure of 19 years , Mohammad Toha and his comrades in arms Mohammad Ramdan successful mission to blow up an ammunition depot making Bandung shrouded blazing fire . The event was called Bandung Ocean of Fire . Both are willing to sacrifice their lives participating in the fall of the powerful explosion .

As to whether the figure of Muhammad Toha ?

Born in Banceuy Street , City of London , in 1927 , Toha grown into an orphan because his father died Suganda . His mother , Nariah , then married again with Sugandi , Toha 's father 's sister . However, the marriage ended in divorce . Finally cared Toha grandfather and paternal grandmother is Jahiri and Oneng .
Toha entered elementary school at the age of seven years up to grade 4 . When World War II broke out , the school was forced to halt Toha .
When the Japanese invaded , Toha Seinendan joining forces . He also worked at a bike shop in Cikudapateuh . Furthermore Toha learn to be a car mechanic and works at a military vehicle depot Japan so that he is able to talk in Japanese .
After Indonesian independence Toha later joined the body fight Barisan Rakyat Indonesia ( BRI ) , which is led by Ben Alam , Toha 's own uncle . BRI then combined with Barisan Pioneers led by Anwar Sutan Barisan Banteng Pamuncak into the Republic of Indonesia ( BBRI ) . In this army commander Toha Section I Section Combat .
According to Ben Alam , uncle Toha , and Rahmat Sulaiman , Toha neighbors , and also commander in BBRI , youth Toha is an intelligent , obedient to parents , have strong discipline and liked by his friends . At that time people describe as brave young Toha with an oval face , stature around 165 centimeters and his eyes sharp .
Courage and willingness to sacrifice both young but intrepid youth until now remembered into two street names in the City Bandung.
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DatePublished: January 7, 2014 at 18:19

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