Did you Wi Fi Dual function.

Dual Mode.

Cellular Phone Dual Mode is a mobile phone that can use more than one network at a time to receive or transmit data. Dual mode can be categorized into three types, namely:

Network compatibility.

That is a mobile phone that can be used in two different systems, namely GSM and CDMA. Dual slot because it is equipped with two slots for SIM and RUIM cards (T4863).

Cellular radio and nonselular

The mobile phone can be used for telephone and can also be used for the connection WiFi or DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications)

Telephone cables.

Telephone wires using VoIP and POTS technology. However, this type of phone as a router and modem requires special to make VoIP calls

Wi Fi.

(Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless connection such as mobile phones by using radio technology, so users can transfer data quickly and safely. Wi-Fi is not only can be used to access the Internet, Wi-Fi can also be used to create a wireless network in the company. Therefore many people associate with the Wi-Fi "Freedom" for Wi-Fi technology gives freedom to the user to access the internet or transfer data from the meeting room, hotel room, campus, and cafes are marked Wi-Fi Hot Spot. Also one of the advantages of Wi-Fi is practicality, no need to bother installing network cables. For the problem of speed depending on the signals obtained.
Wi-Fi can only be accessed with Wi-Fi certified equipment Radio such as computers, laptops, PDAs or cell phones. For the latest version of the laptop output in 2007, already there is Wi-Fi on board. If not available the user can install Wi-Fi PC Cards are shaped in a PCMCIA card slot contained in your laptop or USB Wi-Fi.
For PDAs, users can install the Compact Flash format Wi-Fi radios in slots you have available. For users whose computers or PDAs - is using Windows XP, simply by plugging the card into an available slot, Windows XP will automatically detect the area around you and look for a Wi-Fi network that is closest to you. It is very easy to find a sign of whether the device has Wi-Fi, namely by looking at the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED logo on the packaging. Although Wi-Fi is only accessible place marked with Wi-Fi Hotspot, the number of public places that offer Wi-Fi Hotspot increased drastically. This is because with maketh them as a Wi-Fi Hotspot means their customers can access the internet, which means providing added value for customers.
Wi-Fi service offered by each Hot Spot were diverse, there are offers for free access as well as in the executive lounge service, no customer requires the wearer to become one of the ISP that offers free Wi-Fi and there is also a card offers pre-paid. Whatever your choice for how to access the Wi-Fi, the most important is the presence of Wi-Fi, you can work anywhere and anytime that you do not need to be always cooped up in your workspace to complete each task.

DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL MODE Wi-Fi.

Market mobile phone (cell phone) or have the ability to dual mode GSM cellular network access and wireless Internet network Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) continues to increase. Juniper Research projecting a dual-mode mobile phone market in 2012 reached US $ 68 billion.
Currently the demand for devices that can facilitate the activities of users to communicate over a network voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) from both the corporate and consumer continues to show growth

VoIP.

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a technology miss the sound (voice) into the form of data packets over an IP network (Internet Protocol) is in the position of the layer 3, the network layer in the OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection). As for the IP network itself can be through many ways that can be via Wi-Fi hotspots, broadband cable network DSL (digital subscriber line), cable TV, Satellite and others.
It can be concluded that by using dual mode phone, then in addition to doing the talking on a cellular network, we can also do a VoIP conversation via Wi-Fi, or often referred to as VoWi-Fi (wireless fidelity voice over).

MOBILE CONVERGENCE APPLIANCE.

mobile convergence appliance (MCA) or convergence device moves. The device is based on the Linux operating system that can be used with mobile phones that can be programmed (also called smart phones).
When a user is in the office, the MCA will deliver incoming phone calls, either to phone or phone to the table. Because it is always constantly connected to the phone, the MCA can determine whether the phone can be reached via a Wi-Fi network. This means there are no additional fees charged.
If the users are on the road, the MCA will determine whether the phone can be reached by the nearest Wi-Fi hotspot or the call was delivered through a standard cellular network link. The reverse process is also applicable for calls from mobile communications equipment.
Meanwhile, missed calls will be forwarded by the MCA to the company voice mail system. DiVitas product is also fairly intelligent. He can constantly evaluate the quality of the connection. For example, if you are in a Starbucks using Wi-Fi hotspots are available, but the other guests sitting next to you are downloading video files from YouTube, measuring equipment degradation. If you can not, will be submitted to the cellular network.

FIXED MOBILE CONVERGENCE.

FMC (fixed mobile convergence) is a combination of two different technologies, namely mobile technology and Wi-Fi becomes a form of service that is integrated in a single device 'that is mobile. FMC Technologies promises a communication service for customers always on the move and keep activity.
It can simply be described as follows. Someone has a dual mode phone and subscribe to FMC services. One time in the morning before leaving for work, he received a phone call in the dual modes of superiors for a specific task.
FMC network will automatically distribute the call to the Wi-Fi broadband networks available at home. During the conversation, he walked to his car, and started driving his car out of the housing complex. At that time the FMC will seamlessly move the talks are still going to the cellular network without disruption or drop the call. When in the office, all communication through its dual mode phone will re-served by the Wi-Fi network in the office. FMC can be viewed from several types of which is the type of architecture that is based on UMA (unlicensed mobile access) and type based on SIP (session initiation protocol).
Type FMC UMA is a type of architecture that implements GSM tunneling technology passes Wi-Fi network where do encapsulation of the signaling and bearer of his. UMA models do not support the SIP protocol, so the MSC (mobile switching center) that there still can be maintained and is responsible for switching and call control. One operator that has been providing services FMC UMA is British Telecom.
FMC other type is based SIP protocol that is a model based on technology FMC IMS (IP multimedia subsystems) that standardization is done by 3GPP (The Third Generation Partnership Project). IMS is a next generation network (NGN) that can replace or exchange switch technology currently still based on circuit or TDM (time division multiplexing).
Mobile Switching Center (MSC) of the existing cellular network is maintained and IMS will work together with the MSC with the concept of roaming, so that one of the network will be the home network and the other will be a visited network. In 3G networks, where all the infrastructure is IP, then all the functions of MSC will be replaced by IMS.
Dual Mode Wi-Fi that was launched by the Chinese company combines Wi-Fi / WiMAX with GSM / CDMA / 3G (UMTS). The combination resulted in a phone conversation that will not be interrupted even if you are out of the Wi-Fi / WiMAX and entry into the mobile phone network (mobile phone).

HYBRID CELL PHONE.

Hybrid Cell phone is a cell phone (mobile phone) that is enabled with Wi-Fi, which is also capable of utilizing two communication systems, namely cellular or mobile and Wi-Fi networks. The development of dual-mode phones will increase and attract more people to use it. Because, with the more mature technology, the user will have the opportunity to communicate without boundaries and more economical, because enough with the same phone, you are enabled to communicate in many places with ease.
When at home, with the same phone, you can connect to a home Wi-Fi network or later VoIP phone service broadband. When out of the house and into the car, then all the way you can still communicate rely on mobile networks (GSM / CDMA). Once in office, your phone will automatically go to a Wi-Fi VoIP LAN or office. Not only are you uninterrupted communications, even if you move from one network to another, your communications are also increasingly easy and economical.
Mobile technology like this will be a transitional solution to a Wi-Fi network that produces high-quality communication, either in the home or office building, which is very difficult to get when you are on the outside by using a cellular network. In addition, it will also provide the speed of surfing the web on your smartphone. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
htttp: //schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/did-you-wi-fi-dual-function.html
DatePublished: 22 April 2015 at 19:59

Tags : Did you Wi Fi Dual function.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Wi-fi synonym for WLAN.

Wi-Fi (also written WiFi or WiFi) is a well-known technology that utilizes electronic devices to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connection. Wi-Fi Alliance defines that as a Wi-Fi "products for wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on any standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11". However, since most of today's WLANs based on these standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in the common English language as a synonym for "WLAN".
A tool that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video game console, smart phone, tablet, or digital audio player) can be connected to the network resources such as the Internet through a wireless network access point. Access point (or hotspot) as it has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) in the room and, more broadly outdoors. Hotspot coverage can cover an area of ​​the room with walls that block radio waves or a few square miles - this can be done by using multiple access points overlap.
"Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Only products that complete the Wi-Fi interoperability certification testing the Wi-Fi Alliance are allowed to use the name and trademark "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED".
Wi-Fi has a history of changing security. First encryption systems, WEP, proved to be easily penetrated. Higher quality protocols, WPA and WPA2, then added. However, an optional feature that was added in 2007 called Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), has loopholes that allow an attacker to get WPA or WPA2 password of the remote router within a few hours.  A number of companies advised to disable WPS. Wi-Fi Alliance since the update test plans and certification programs to ensure that all new equipment certified immune from attack AP PIN hard.

History.

History of 802.11 technology originated in the US Federal Communications Commission's decision in 1985 to release a band GSM for use without a license. In 1991, NCR Corporation together with AT & T found the predecessor 802.11 intended for cashier systems. The first wireless products are under the name WaveLAN.
Vic Hayes dubbed the "Father of Wi-Fi". He was involved in the design of the first IEEE standard.
A large number of patents by many companies use the 802.11 standard. In 1992 and 1996, the organization CSIRO Australia to get a patent for a method that would be used in Wi-Fi to remove the interference signal. In April 2009, 14 technology companies agreed to pay $ 250 million to CSIRO for violating their patents. It encourages Wi-Fi is touted as Australia's findings, although it has become a topic of some controversy. CSIRO won a lawsuit worth $ 220 million for patent infringement in 2012 Wi-Fi requesting global firms in the United States pay the licensing rights to CSIRO worth $ 1 billion.
In 1999, the Wi-Fi Alliance was formed as a trade association for holding the Wi-Fi is a trademark used by many products.

Name.

The term Wi-Fi, first used commercially in August 1999, triggered by a brand consulting firm called Interbrand Corporation. Wi-Fi Alliance hired Interbrand to specify the name of the "easier said than 'IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence' '. Belanger also said that Interbrand creates a Wi-Fi as a play on the Hi-Fi (high fidelity); they also designed the Wi-Fi logo.
Wi-Fi Alliance made a perfunctory advertising slogan "The Standard for Wireless Fidelity" and was used shortly after the Wi-Fi brand created. Because the slogan, people mistakenly think that Wi-Fi is short for "Wireless Fidelity" despite the fact that instead.
Logo yin-yang Wi-Fi interoperability certification indicates a product.
Technology of non-Wi-Fi needed for of points remain as Motorola Canopy usually called fixed wireless. Alternative wireless technologies include mobile phone standards such as 2G, 3G, or 4G.

Wi-Fi certification.

IEEE does not test equipment to meet their standards. Nonprofit Wi-Fi Alliance was founded in 1999 to fill this gap - to establish and encourage interoperability and compatibility standards, as well as promoting the wireless local area network technology. In 2010, the Wi-Fi Alliance is composed of more than 375 companies worldwide. Wi-Fi Alliance to encourage the use of the brand to the Wi-Fi technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It includes a wireless local area network connection (WLAN) connectivity tool-to-tool (such as Wi-Fi Peer to Peer or Wi-Fi Direct), personal area networks (PAN), local area network (LAN), and even the number of connections wide area network (WAN) is limited. The company manufactures the Wi-Fi Alliance membership, whose products successfully passed the certification process, entitled marking the product with the Wi-Fi logo.
Specifically, the certification process requires compliance with the IEEE 802.11 radio standards, WPA and WPA2 security standdar, and EAP authentication standard. Optional certification includes testing of the draft IEEE 802.11 standard, the interaction with cell phone technology in convergent devices, and security features, multimedia, and energy savings.
Not all Wi-Fi equipment is sent to get certified. Lack of Wi-Fi certification does not mean that a tool is not compatible with other Wi-Fi tool. If the tool is qualified or semi-compatible, Wi-Fi Alliance does not need to comment on their mention as a means of Wi-Fi, [need reference] although technically only approved certified tool. Terms such as Super Wi-Fi, which was initiated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States to describe the UHF TV band network plan in the United States, can be approved or not.

Usage.

To connect with LAN Wi-Fi, a computer needs to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. Combined computer and interface controller called the station. All stations share a radio frequency communication channel. Transmission in this channel received by all stations within range. Hardware does not notify the user that the transmission is successfully received and referred to the best delivery mechanism. A carrier wave is used to send data in packets, called "Ethernet frame". Each station continuously connected to a radio frequency communication channel to take the available transmission.

Internet Access.

A Wi-Fi tool can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet. Coverage of one access point or more (interconnection) - called hotspots - can cover an area of ​​several rooms up to several square miles. Coverage in a larger area requires several access points with overlapping coverage. Public Wi-Fi technology outdoors successfully applied in wireless mesh networks in London, United Kingdom.
Wi-Fi provides services in private homes, major streets and shops, and public spaces via Wi-Fi hotspots are installed free or paid. Organizations and businesses, such as airports, hotels, and restaurants, usually provide free hotspots to attract visitors. Users are enthusiastic or authorities who want to give service or even to promote business in certain places sometimes provide free Wi-Fi access.
Router involving digital subscriber line modem or cable modem and WI-Fi access points, usually installed in homes and other buildings, and between networks providing Internet access to all devices connected to the router wirelessly or wired. With the emergence of MiFi and WiBro (portable Wi-Fi router), the user can easily create a Wi-Fi hotspot its own that are connected to the Internet via cellular networks. Now, equipment Android, Bada, iOS (iPhone), and Symbian is able to create a wireless connection. Wi-Fi also connects places that normally do not have access to the network, such as the kitchen and home gardens.

Wi-Fi city.

In the early 2000s, many cities around the world announced plans to build a city-wide Wi-Fi network. Examples of successful businesses that Mysore in 2004 became the first Wi-Fi city in India and the second in the world after Jerusalem. WiFiyNet company founded several hotspots in Mysore, which covers the entire city and surrounding villages.
In 2005, Sunnyvale, California, became the first city in the United States that provide free Wi-Fi with the scope of the city, and Minneapolis earn $ 1.2 million per year for its service providers.
In May 2010, the Mayor of London, Great Britain, Boris Johnson promised to build a Wi-Fi network that covers the whole of London in 2012. A number of boroughs, including Westminster and Islington already have Wi-Fi coverage is open wide.
Officials in the South Korean capital, Seoul, trying to provide free Internet access at more than 10,000 locations around the city, including public open space, the main road, and densely populated residential areas. Seoul will be handed operation to KT, LG Telecom and SK Telecom. These companies will invest $ 44 million for this project, which will be completed in 2015.

Wi-Fi campus.

Many traditional campus in the United States have coverage Wi-Fi wireless Internet patchy. Carnegie Mellon University to build Internet networks throughout the first campus named Wireless Andrew at its Pittsburgh campus in 1993 before the Wi-Fi brand appears.
In 2000, Drexel University, Philadelphia became the first major university in the United States who have wireless Internet access throughout the campus.

Direct communication between computers.

Wi-Fi also allows direct communication from one computer to another without going through the access point. This is called the transmission of ad hoc Wi-Fi. Wireless ad hoc network mode was popularized by a handheld game console multiplayer, such as the Nintendo DS, Playstation Portable, digital cameras, and other consumer electronics equipment. A number of tools are also able to share its Internet connection using an ad-hoc, become a hotspot or "virtual router".
Similarly, the Wi-Fi Alliance to promote a specification called Wi-Fi Direct for file transfer and sharing of media through search methodology and new security. Wi-Fi Direct was launched in October 2010.

Specifications.

Wi-Fi is designed based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. Today there are four variations of 802.11, namely:
802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
802.11n
Specifications b is the first Wi-Fi products. Variations g and n is one product that has the highest sales in 2005.

In many parts of the world, the frequencies used by Wi-Fi, users are not required to obtain permission from the local regulator (eg, the Federal Communications Commission in the US). 802.11a uses a higher frequency and therefore its range is narrower, other things being equal.
Wi-Fi version of the most extensive in the US market today (based on the IEEE 802.11b / g) operates at 2.400 GHz to 2483.50 GHz. With so allow operations in 11 channels (each 5 MHz), centered on the following frequencies:
Channel 1 to 2.412 GHz;
Channel 2 to 2.417 GHz;
Channel 3 to 2.422 GHz;
Channel 4 to 2.427 GHz;
Channel 5 to 2.432 GHz;
Channel 6 to 2.437 GHz;
Channel 7 to 2.442 GHz;
Channel 8 to 2.447 GHz;
Channel 9 to 2.452 GHz;
Channel 10 to 2.457 GHz;
Channel 11 to 2.462 GHz
Technically operational, Wi-Fi is one variant of communication and information technology that works on the network and the WLAN (wireless local area network). In other words, Wi-Fi is a trademark certification granted to the telecommunications equipment manufacturers (internet) are working on a WLAN network and already meets the required quality interoperates capacity.
Technology-based Wi-Fi internet created and developed a group of US engineers who worked at the Institute of Electrical and electronis Engineers (IEEE) is based on the technical standards numbered 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.16. Wi-Fi devices is not only able to work on WLAN networks, but also in the network Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN).
Because the device with the technical standard 802.11b WLAN devices are intended for use at a frequency of 2.4 GHz or commonly called ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical). As for the technical standards of 802.11a and 802.16 WMAN intended for the device or also called Wi-Max, which works around the 5 GHz frequency band.
Especially of high public interest in the community Internet-- using Wi-Fi technology due to at least two factors. First, the ease of access. That is, users in one area can access the Internet simultaneously without the need to be bothered with cables.
Consequently, users who want to surf or browse news and information on the Internet, just bring a PDA (Pocket Digital Assistance) or Wi-Fi enabled laptop to a place where there is an access point or hotspot.
The proliferation of hotspots in such places built by telecommunications operators, Internet service providers and even people per scarecrow triggered a second factor, namely because of the relatively low cost of construction or just around 300 dollars US.
Increasing the quantity of Internet users based on Wi-Fi technology that is increasingly implicated in various parts of the world, has been pushing Internet service providers (ISPs) to build hotspots in major cities of the world.
Some observers have even been predicted in 2006, there will be as many as 800,000 hotspots in European countries, 530,000 in the United States and one million in the Asian countries.
Total income earned US and European countries of Internet business based Wi-Fi technology by the end of 2003 was estimated at 5.4 trillion US dollars, an increase of 33 billion US dollars from 2002 ..

Wi-Fi hardware.

Hardware Wi-Fi is available in the market currently exists in the form of:
PCI
USB
PCMCIA
Compact Flash

Fashion Access Wi-Fi Connection.

There are two modes of access Wi-Fi connection, ie

Ad-Hoc.

This connection mode is a mode where multiple computers are connected directly, or better known as Peer-to-Peer. The advantage, cheaper and more practical when connected only 2 or 3 computers, without having to buy an access point.

Infrastructure.

Using the Access Point that serves as data traffic, allowing many client can connect to each other through a network (Network).

The popularity of Wi-Fi.

In Indonesia alone, the use of Internet-based Wi-Fi has started implicated in several major cities. In Jakarta, for example, the maniacs who are surfing the Internet while waiting for the plane take off at the airport waiting room, it is not a strange thing.
The same phenomenon is seen in various cafes, just as the Starbucks cafe and La Moda Cafe in Plaza Indonesia, Coffee Club Senayan, and Cafe Coffee Bean in Cilandak Town Square-- where visitors can open the Internet to see the artist's political news or the latest gossip while sipping hot cappucino .
Today, business phone based VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) also has Wi-Fi technology, which calls routed through the WLAN network. The application is named VoWi-FI (Voice over Wi-Fi).
Some time ago, the latest technical standards created by the IEEE has been able to support the operation of streaming video services. Even predicted, will be made cards (cards) based Wi-Fi technology that can be inserted into electronic equipment, ranging from digital cameras to video game consoles (ITU News 8/2003).
Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that the business users and the quantity of Wi-Fi technology is likely to increase, and economically it has a positive impact on the national economy of a country, including Indonesia.
Nevertheless, the government should address the phenomenon wisely and carefully. Because the technologically good frequency band of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz-- which became operational container technology, Wi-Fi is not free from limitations.
Because the users in a new area can take advantage of this wireless Internet system with optimal, if all devices used in the area using a uniform transmit power and limited.
If these prerequisites are not heeded, will surely occur harmful interference between devices is not just Internet users, but also with the other telecommunications systems.
If the interference persists because users want is superior to other users and the lack of understanding of the limitations of the technology, in the end will make the frequency band of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz can not be used optimally.
Another limitation of the wireless frequency band (2.4 GHz in particular) is because it is also used for ISM (industrial, science and medical).
Consequently, the use of radio communications or other telecommunications device that works on the frequency band that should be ready to accept interference from ISM devices, as stated in S5.150 of the Radio Regulations.
In ITU-R SM.1056, also informed ISM device characteristics that are essentially aimed at preventing interference, both between the ISM and the telecommunication device sharing.
The same recommendation asserts that every member of the ITU-free set of administrative requirements and rules of law relating to mandatory power restrictions.
Recognizing the limitations and impacts that may arise from the use of both the wireless frequency band, various countries and establish regulations that limit the transmit power of the device used.

Safety.

Wireless electronic equipment and health.
World Health Organization (WHO) states, "there is no risk after exposure to Wi-Fi networks and long-term low-level," and the United Kingdom Health Protection Agency reported that exposure to Wi-Fi for a year "just as exposed to radiation from mobile phone calls during the 20 minutes ".
A small number of Wi-Fi users have reported health problems after repeated exposure to and use Wi-Fi, although no publication on any impact in double blind studies. A study involving 725 people with electromagnetic hypersensitivity claimed to have found evidence for their claims.
A study speculated that "laptop (Wi-Fi mode) on the lap near the testes may lower male fertility". Other studies find that working memory decline among men when exposed to Wi-Fi.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
htttp: //schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/wi-fi-synonym-for-wlan.html
DatePublished: 22 April 2015 at 19:20

Tags : Wi-fi synonym for WLAN.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Did You Know About Tetanus.

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a disease caused by tetanospasmin, a type of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani which infects the nervous system and muscles so that the nerves and muscles become stiff (rigid). Kitasato was the first to successfully isolate the organism from human victims were exposed to tetanus and also reported that the toxin can be neutralized by specific antibodies. The word tetanus is taken from the Greek meaning tetanos of teinein tightened. This disease is an infectious disease at the time of tonic muscle spasms and hyperreflexia cause trismus (lockjaw), muscle spasms general, curved backs (opisthotonos), glottal spasms, seizures, and respiratory paralysis.

Characteristics of Clostridium tetani

C. tetani is included in Gram-positive bacteria, obligate anaerobes, can form spores, and shaped drumstick. Spores are formed by C. tetani is highly resistant to heat and antiseptic. He can hold despite autoclaved (1210C, 10-15 minutes) and also resistant to phenol and other chemical agents. Clostridium tetani bacteria are commonly found in soil, feces and pets and in agricultural areas. Generally, these bacteria spores distributed in soil and digestion tract and feces of horses, sheep, dogs, cats, rats, pigs, and chickens. When the bacteria are in the body, it will produce a neurotoxin (a protein that acts as a poison that attacks the nervous system). C. tetani produces two exotoxins, namely tetanolysin and tetanospasmin. The function of tetanoysin not known with certainty, but also can affect the tetanus. Tetanospasmin a toxin that is strong enough.

Pathogenesis and pathophysiology.

Tetanus is caused by neurotoxins (tetanospasmin) of Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium tetani, the first 1 to 2 weeks after inoculation of spores into the blood form the body of the injury (incubation period). This disease is one of four important diseases main clinical manifestations are the result of the influence of the strength of exotoxin (tetanus, gas gangrene, diphtheria, botulism). Points of entry of germs can be wound in dealing with local tissue damage, embedded foreign objects or sepsis with soil contamination, shallow and small abrasions or wounds contaminated soil shear, trauma to the fingers or toes associated with fractures finger and injuries to the surgery.
In anaerobic conditions, these bacteria spore germination will air into vegetative cells. Furthermore, the toxin will be produced and spread to all parts of the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. The toxin will move in certain places such as the central nervous system including the brain. Chronic symptoms caused by the toxin is to block the release of neurotransmitters, causing uncontrolled muscle contractions. As a result of tetanus is rigid paralysis (loss of ability to move) on the voluntary muscles (which motion can be controlled), commonly called lockjaw because usually first appears on the jaw and facial muscles. Death is usually due to respiratory failure and death rate is very high.

Treatment.

To neutralize toxins, given tetanus immunoglobulin. Tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics given to prevent further formation of toxins, toxins so dead.
Other drugs may be given to calm the patient, controlling seizures and relax the muscles. Patients are usually admitted to the hospital and placed in a quiet room. For moderate to severe infections, may need a ventilator to assist breathing.
The food is given through an IV or a nasogastric tube. To remove dirt, catheter. Patients should lie alternately tilted to the left or to the right and forced to cough to prevent pneumonia.
To reduce pain given codeine. Other drugs can be given to control blood pressure and heart rate. Once cured, should be given full vaccination for tetanus infection does not confer immunity against subsequent infections.

Prognosis.

Tetanus has a mortality rate of up to 50%. Death usually occurs in people who are very young, very old and injecting drug users. If symptoms worsen quickly or if treatment is delayed, the worse the prognosis will be.

Prevention.

Preventing tetanus vaccination is far better than cure. In children, the tetanus vaccine is given as part of the DPT vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus). For those who are already adults should receive a booster.

In a person who has a wound, if :

Has received a tetanus booster within the last 5 years, do not need to undergo further vaccination
Have never received a booster within the last 5 years, immediately vaccination
Never before undergoing vaccination or incomplete vaccination, given an injection of tetanus immunoglobulin and the first injection of 3-month vaccination.
Every wound (especially deep puncture wounds) should be cleaned thoroughly because dirt and dead tissue will facilitate the growth of the bacterium Clostridium tetani. For people who are prone to injuries (wounds closed, eg nail punctured and instead open wounds that bleed flow) is necessary toxoid vaccination. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/did-you-know-about-tetanus.html
DatePublished: 20 April 2015 at 18:58

Tags : Did You Know About Tetanus.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Did You Know About Pagan.

Idol is a statue, a picture of something, or symbols that made the object of passionate devotion, whether tangible or exist only in the mind. In general, idolatry is worship, love, or worship of an idol, and typically addressed to a power that is considered or are indeed higher. It is believed to have the power of existence (as humans, animals, or organization) or may not (as a force or inanimate natural objects). Idolatry is generally associated with a form, ceremony, or rite.
Hebrew words are used to idols often highlight the origins and nature of the idol that is not useful, or a derogatory insult term. Among these are the words which translates to "a carved image, or carving" (literally, something carved out); "Statue, or idol, cast" (literally, something cast or poured); "Horrible idol"; "Worthless idols" (literally, vanity); and "idols dung". "Idols" is a common translation of the Greek word ei'do · lon.

Not All The statue is idol.

During the reign of Saul, the first king of Israel, and his daughter, Is-bosyet, and David, do not mention that the Israelites practiced idolatry large scale. Nonetheless, there is evidence that idolatry remain in the kingdom. For example, the daughter of Saul himself, Michal, has a statue of the household idols. However, only at the end of the reign of David's son, Solomon, idolatry began to be practiced openly; the king himself, under the influence of many foreign wives, promote idolatry with endorsement. High places built for Ashtoreth, Khemos, and Milcom, or Molekh. People in general surrendered to the false worship and began bowing to the gods idols. -1Raj 11: 3-8, 33; 2 Kings 23:13.
Therefore this idolatry, Jehovah claimed ten tribes from Solomon's son, Rehoboam, and gave them to Jeroboam. (1Ki 11: 31-35; 12: 19-24) Although it has been assured that his kingdom will remain firm if he continued to serve Jehovah faithfully, Jeroboam, after becoming king, initiated the worship of the calf because of fear of the people will revolt against his rule if they continue go to Jerusalem to worship. (1Ki 11:38; 12: 26-33) Idolatry to calves continued throughout the existence of the kingdom of the ten tribes, coupled with Baalisme of Tyre which was introduced during the reign of Ahab. (1Ki 16: 30-33) However, not all people become apostates. During the reign of Ahab, the remaining 7,000 people who do not bow to Baal or kissed it, and this happens at the time of Jehovah's prophets were killed with the sword, no doubt at the instigation of Jezebel, wife of Ahab.-1Ki 19: 1, 2, 14, 18 ; Rom 11: 4.
Baal worship except extermination by Jehu (2 Kings 10: 20-28), there is no record that the religious reform once held by another king of the kingdom of the ten tribes. The people and the rulers of the northern kingdom did not heed the prophets repeatedly sent by Jehovah, so finally Personal Almighty gave them into the hands of the Assyrians by gross idolatry because of a history of them.-2 Kings 17: 7-23.
In the kingdom of Judah, the situation is not much different, although there are some reforms that are held by certain kings. Although the kingdom of Israel was divided as a direct result of idolatry, Rehoboam, son of Solomon, not imbibe discipline Jehovah and not away from idolatry. Immediately after the established position, he became an apostate and all Judah to go with him. (2Ch 12: 1) People build high places, providing it with the sacred pillars and sacred pillars, and perform ceremonial prostitution. (1Ki 14:23, 24) Although Abiyam (Abijah) showed faith in Jehovah when he fought against Jeroboam and was blessed with victory, in general, it mimics the bow of sin is practiced father and predecessor on the throne of Judah, Rehoboam.-1Ki 15: 1, 3; 2Ch 13: 3-18.
The next two kings of Judah, Asa and Jehoshaphat, served Jehovah faithfully and attempt to get rid of idolatry of the kingdom. But Judah was so caught up in worship at high places so that, despite the efforts of both these kings to eliminate them, high places seem to still be maintained by stealth or popping lagi.-1Ki 15: 11-14; 22:42, 43; 2Ch 14: 2-5; 17: 5, 6; 20: 31-33.
Government next king of Judah, Jehoram, beginning with bloodshed and at this time also began a new round of idolatry in Judah. The reason is because he marry the daughter of Ahab, that Atalia, which is idolatry. (2Ch 21: 1-4, 6, 11) Atalia, as the queen mother, also an advisor to the son of Jehoram, Ahaziah. Therefore, during the reign of Ahaziah and Atalia government that seized the throne, idolatry continued with the blessing of the government. -2Taw 22: 1-3, 12.
At the beginning of the Yehoas, after Atalia executed, true worship is restored. But after the death of the high priest Yehoyada, idolatry appeared again at the insistence of the princes of Judah. (2 Kings 12: 2, 3; 2Ch 24:17, 18) Therefore, Jehovah handed Judah into the hand of the forces that invaded Syria, and Yehoas murdered by his own servants. -2Taw 24: 23-25.
Implementation of the judgment of God upon Judah and death Yehoas, father Amaziah, are pathetic, no doubt leaving a deep impression on self Amaziah, so at first he did what was right in the eyes of Jehovah. (2Ch 25: 1-4) However, after defeating the Edomites and bring their idols, he began to serve the gods of gods that had he defeated the enemy. (2Ch 25:14) Retribution came when Judah was defeated by the kingdom of the ten tribes, and later when Amaziah was murdered by people who form a conspiracy. (2Ch 25: 20-24, 27) Although it was reported that Azariah (Uzziah) and his son, Jotham, in general, do what is right in the eyes of Jehovah, the people they still worshiped idols in high places. -2Raj 15: 1-4, 32-35; 2Ch 26: 3, 4, 16-18; 27: 1, 2.
During the reign of Ahaz, son of Jotham, Judah religious condition had worsened. Ahaz began to practice idolatry on a scale that has never existed in Judah; he was the first king of Judah, who reported the expense of offspring in the fire as an act of false worship. (2 Kings 16: 1-4; 2Ch 28: 1-4) Jehovah punish Judah through the defeat at the hands of their enemies. Instead of repenting, Ahaz instead concluded that the gods, gods of the kings of Syria could give victory and therefore he decided to sacrifice to the gods, that they may also help. (2Ch 28: 5, 23) Further, Jehovah's temple doors were closed, and tools-utensils cut. -2Taw 28:24.
Ahaz did not benefit from the discipline of Jehovah, in contrast to Hezekiah, son. (2Ch 29: 1, 5-11) In the first year of his reign as king, Hezekiah restored true worship to Jehovah. (2Ch 29: 3) During his reign, all false worship object is destroyed, not only in the region but also of Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim and Manasseh. -2Taw 31: 1.
But his own son Hezekiah, Manasseh, revive paganism in total. (2 Kings 21: 1-7; 2Ch 33: 1-7) Note the Bible does not mention what the cause. Manasseh, who began to reign at the age of 12 years, at first may receive a briefing that one of the advisors and authorities that are not wholly devoted to serving Jehovah. However, in contrast to Ahaz, Manasseh repented when receiving harsh discipline of Jehovah form of captivity in Babylon, and he reformed his return to Jerusalem. (2Ch 33: 10-16) However, his son, Amon, returned to sacrifice to idols carved. -2Taw 33: 21-24.
Furthermore, Josiah came to the throne and he eradicate idolatry in Judah. He defiled places of idolatry in Judah and even in the cities of Samaria. He eliminated the foreign gods priests and the people who make sacrifices to Baal smoke, and also to the sun, the moon, the constellations of the zodiac, and the whole host of heaven. (2 Kings 23: 4-27; 2Ch 34: 1-5) However, a massive campaign to eradicate idolatry does not produce a permanent reform. Four of the last king of Judah, Yehoahaz, Yehoyakim, Yehoyakhin, and Zedekiah, still worshiped idols. -2Raj 23:31, 32, 36, 37; 24: 8, 9, 18, 19.
The mention of idolatry in the writings of the prophets clarify the situation that occurred during the last years of the kingdom of Judah. Places of idolatry, ceremonial prostitution, and child sacrifice continues to exist. (Jer 3: 6; 17: 1-3; 19: 2-5; 32:29, 35; Ezek 6: 3, 4) The Levites were guilty of practicing idolatry. (Ezekiel 44:10, 12, 13) When it was brought to the temple in Jerusalem in a vision, Ezekiel saw that there was an idol that sickening, "the epitome of jealousy", and worship of the various forms of artificial reptiles and animals are very disgusting, and respect Tamuz false gods and the sun. -Yeh 8: 3, 7-16.
Although the Israelites worshiping idols even to present their own children as victims, they continue to mock forms of worship to Jehovah and reasoned that they will not be overwritten disaster. (Jer 7: 4, 8-12; Ezekiel 23: 36-39) People in general have become so ignorant because of idolatry they pursue to the extent that when the havoc really come and Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians in 607 BCE in fulfillment of the word of Jehovah, they think it is because they fail to make the smoke victims and offering drinks to the "queen of heaven". -Yer 44: 15-18.

The reason Israel Turning to Pagan.

There are a number of factors that cause so many people of Israel many times left the true worship. As one of the works of the flesh, idolatry is something that appeals to the flesh. (Gal 5: 19-21) When the Israelites settled in the Promised Land, they may observe that their pagan neighbors, are not they expel all, got a good harvest for the more experienced working on the ground there. Most likely, many are asking and following the advice of the Canaanites, their neighbors, about what it takes to please the Baal, or "owner", each plot of land. -Mz 106: 34-39.
Marital ties with the pagans is another driving to become an apostate. (Judges 3: 5, 6) The gratification of sexual desires without control associated with idolatry proved a temptation that is not small. In Syitim Plains of Moab, for example, thousands of Israelis surrender to the immorality and participate in false worship. (Numbers 22: 1; 25: 1-3) For some people, the idea to be able to drink as much in a place of worship false gods that can be very alluring. -Am 2: 8.
Then there is the appeal to be able to know what is supposedly going to happen in the future, and it is derived from the desire to make sure that everything will go well. Some examples include is Saul asked the psychic and Ahaziah sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron. -1Sam 28: 6-11; 2 Kings 1: 2, 3.
Pagan ignorance. The Bible repeatedly draws attention to the stupidity of people who rely on the gods of wood, stone, or metal. Isaiah describes how the making of idols and shows how stupid people who use part of the wood of a tree to cook his food and warm themselves and make the rest of the wood to be a god that he ask for help. (Isa 44: 9-20) On the day of Jehovah's fury, wrote Isaiah, false worshipers would throw their idols that are not useful to the gophers and the bat. (Isa 2: 19-21) "Woe to those who told the piece of wood, 'Hey, wake up!' The dumb stone, 'Hey, wake up!'" (Hab 2:19) Those who make dumb idols will be exactly like that, that is not lifeless. -Mz 115: 4-8; 135: 15-18.

Angle view of the Pagan.

Jehovah's servants faithful always abhor idols. In the Bible, false gods and idols repeatedly referred to by terms insult, as something that is not worth (1Ch 16:26; Ps 96: 5; 97: 7), terrible (1Ki 15:13; 2Ch 15:16) , embarrassing (Jer 11:13; Hosea 9:10), sickening (Ezekiel 16:36, 37), and disgusting (Ezekiel 37:23). The phrase "idols dung" is often mentioned; This is a translation of the Hebrew word gil·lu · lim', which is related to the word which means "dung". (1Ki 14:10; Zeph 1:17) insult term first appeared in Leviticus 26:30, and there are nearly 40 times in the book of Ezekiel alone, ranging from article 6, paragraph 4.
Job faithful acknowledge that if his heart secretly enamored when looking at celestial objects, such as the moon, and he "threw a kiss with hand gestures" (which apparently is a gesture associated with idolatry), it is to deny God, together with idolatry. (Job 31: 26-28; cf. Deut 4:15, 19.) In connection with the people who practice righteousness, Jehovah spoke through the prophet Ezekiel, "He does not cast his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel dung", which offer their application to or expect help from them.-Eze 18: 5, 6.
People who give away another great example in idolatry is the three young Hebrew, Syadrakh, Mesyakh, and Abednego, who refused to bow to the golden statue set up by King Nebuchadnezzar in the Plain of Dura, despite the threat of death in the furnace api.-Dan 3.
The early Christians heed the inspired counsel: "Flee from idolatry" (1 Cor 10:14), and a statue maker saw Christianity as a threat to their business profitable. (Acts 19: 23-27) As the evidence given by secular historians, the attitude of keeping themselves free from idolatry often make the Christians who lived in the territory of the Roman Empire experienced anything similar to that experienced by the three young Hebrews. They could escape from death so long as they acknowledge the divinity of the emperor as head of state by offering a pinch of incense, but only few of them are compromised. Those early Christians fully understand that after being turned away from idols to worship the true God (1 Thes 1: 9), they should not be returned to idolatry, because then they can not enter the New Jerusalem and lost gift of life.-Rev 21: 8; 22:14, 15.
Jehovah's servants have to guard against idolatry (1 John 5:21), even today. Prophesied that the entire population of the earth be great pressure to worship the "beast" and its symbolic "sculpture" of his. Nobody who adhere to idolatry as it will receive God's gift of eternal life. "This is where the importance of perseverance to the saints." - Rev. 13: 15-17; 14: 9-12.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/did-you-know-about-pagan.html
DatePublished: 20 April 2015 at 12:45

Tags : Did You Know About Pagan.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Nobody claimed to worship idols.

No one in this world that mecca of the box / cube or facing the fat / bald etc who claim to worship idols. Of course, if people know and are aware of the problem, he will soon improve and look for a more true and stop mecca for any object creation.

Qibla to the statue is idolatry.

Habakkuk 2:18 What does a graven image, carved by the manufacturer? What good is a metal image, the false teacher?  Because the author believes to be made, whereas sheer dumb idols made.

Deuteronomy 4:16 lest you destroy to make for yourself any idol idol in the form: the form of the male or female;

Micah 1: 7 All the sculptures will be crushed, all her harlot's wages will be burned, and the idols will I can consume; because of wages collected all the harlot, and will return to wage bitch.

All kinds of monuments, temples, squares / cubes or any form.

Leviticus 26: 1 "You shall not make for yourselves idols, and a statue or a sacred pillar shall not set up for you; Also do not place a carved stone in your land, to bow down unto it: for I am the Lord, your God.

All kinds of hand-made man, box / cube or any form.

Isaiah 2: 8 Their land is full of idols; they worshiped the works of their own hands and to that done by hand.

All kinds of stone and wood, even the stones of the month.

Jeremiah 3: 9 With Her reckless that he defiled the land and committed adultery with stones and wood worship.

Believe, pray and hope that in addition to God is idolatry

including all kinds of amulets, spells, kiss the stone, etc.

Isaiah 42:17 Those who believe in the carved image will look back and be ashamed, that is, people who say to a molten image: "Ye are our gods!"

Thanks and praise to God apart is idolatry

Isaiah 48: 5 then I tell you from long ago; before it becomes a reality, I proclaim to you, lest you should say, my idol did, sculpture carving and my molten image are ordered.

All forms of worship other than God is idolatry.

Psalm 97: 7 All who worship the statue will be put to shame, those who boast idols; all gods bow down to him.

All the more important more than God is an idol.

Ezekiel 14: 4 Therefore speak to them and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD: every man of the house of Israel who uphold his idols in his heart and put a stumbling block before him the iniquity, and then comes to the prophet-I, the Lord will answer him by the enormity of his idolatry.

How true worship?

Worship the Lord wants not to physical, physical, physical, but worship the true heart and a proper understanding of the nature of worship.
Worship in Spirit and Truth. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/nobody-claimed-to-worship-idols.html
DatePublished: 20 April 2015 at 11:11

Tags : Nobody claimed to worship idols.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Idol noun meaning god.

In Islam, the idol is an object shaped living creatures or objects deified, worshiped, adored and made by human hands. In accordance with the two verses in the Qur'an, which reads:
" Do they (God) the idols that can not create anything? While the idols themselves-made man. " (Al-'A`raf 7: 191) "
" ... And the idols which they invoke besides Allah, can not create anything, are idols (itself) made man. " (An-Nahl 16:20) "
According to Islamic law, on the eve of Yawm al-Qiyamah time, there will be a big sign of the Day of Resurrection is characterized by the presence of people who will return to the teachings of paganism by one of the hadeeth of Imam Muslim.
Ibn Kathir in his book entitled Qasas al-Anbiyya wrote that, first made idols is Wadd, Suwa ', Yaghuts, Ya`uq and Nasr, all of which are the scholars who lived during the time between Adam and Noah. They are all children of Adam, Wadd eldest and most devoted to Adam.
The most important rituals of pagan teachings related to sex and war. All forms of idolatry rests on the gratification of lust and worldly physical strength to reach the earthly paradise. There is no transcendental aspect in all the teachings of paganism. While the divine religions emphasize the highest achievement in life is transcendental, the concept of lasting spiritual happiness after death in the hereafter.

Etymology.

The word idol in the Big Indonesian Dictionary, as a noun meaning god, then the use of the word idol extends into creatures / objects (sun, moon, angel, animals) anything that is worshiped besides Allah commands are included in the category of idols.
While the verb from idolizing means to worship and idolize, can also be used as a verb that means to be different again, as idolize something does not necessarily mean that the devotees said "this God is to be worshiped". Nor does it mean that he must bow down before him.
Then idolize any sentence can be interpreted to extend into liking someone against something exceeds some affection for God. For example, more afraid of the person / object than the fear of God, or more loving person / object than his love for God.

Meaning of idols in the Qur'an.

The word idol in the Qur'an are used to define three different terms, each of these words in the Qur'an have different meanings according to the context when the word was propped. These words are as follows:
Asnam (ال اسنم) is everything made of wood, stone, gold, silver, copper and all kinds of materials derived from the earth that has a shape resembling living beings such as humans, animals and plants and has a great body shape. In addition, al-asnam has expanded the meaning of which is used to show the meaning majazi of idols.
Awsan (آل أوسان) is made from the same raw material creators with al-asnam, but this word is more common than al-asnam, because it can be anything that is shaped and not shaped, small and large. Thus, said al-asnam can be incorporated into the category of al-Awsan.
Ansab (الأنصب) is a rock that does not have a specific form which is used to place the animal slaughter will be offered (altar) to idols. Al-ansab also used for the type of stone that is not established that worshiped when not able to make al-asnam.
In addition, there are some Arabic dictionaries that equate these three terms so that the meaning of the three becomes unclear.

Paganism from time to time.

In the history of the worship of idols (paganism), a people never do it directly, but rather gradually. The it took another god and worship his idol or statue. In an age of ignorance many Arabs who make or adapt the idolatry of the other to their puja. One of the pioneers of pagan teachings carrier in the Arabian Peninsula is' Amr bin Luhay and he was a leader of the tribe Khuza'ah.
When the pilgrimage season arrives, the idols that he gave to the tribes who came, and then they bring home idols into their country, so that every tribe even every home has an idol. In the hadeeth of Imam Bukhari said that the idols that existed in the days of Noah will be an idol for the Arabs afterwards.

Arabic Ignorance (pre-Islamic).

In the story of Al-Quran and research by historians of the historical development of the doctrine of paganism in the second century AH, said that before the advent of Islam, the teachings of paganism in the form of various kinds have accrued / highest place among the Arabs.
Arabs to get closer to the gods in the form of idols, often do sacrifice in the form of cattle sometimes too human. One example of this is the case of Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of Muhammad, son of Abdullah almost offered as a sacrifice.

Trust.

In the Hejaz region such as Yathrib and Ta'if besides embrace paganism, they also recognize the trust in other forms especially outside the region. Some religions are recognized by the community is Judaism and Christians. According to some opinions say that the Arabs who live in rural areas, as well embrace animism and dynamism. The confidence gained in the ancient poems that tell the various aspects of social life, cultural, economic, political, and religious thinking styles and trust people.
Judaism has been first exist in some areas of the Arabian Peninsula, especially Yathrib before Islam came. Historians conclude that the Jewish community in the Arabian Peninsula or the first special in Yathrib consists of two Jewish groups, namely: Group of Jewish descent original, they are immigrants and Jews of Arab descent are Arabs who embraced Judaism. After the Jews have come to Yathrib there were also two Arab tribes who are immigrants from Yemen ie Banu Aws and Khazraj Bani, which occurred around the year 300 AD
Meanwhile, according to Shaykh al Fauzaan Sholih, Arabs divided into two groups. The first group followed the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Zoroastrianism, then the second group followed the religion Hanif (teachings of Abraham).

Type idols.

God-god at the time of ignorance even this varies between designation idols also with each other, other designations are as follows:
Shanam is a human-shaped sculpture made of metal or wood,
Wathan is a human-shaped sculpture made of stone,
Nushub is a rock without a specific form.

The names of the idols.

Narrated through the hadith that the Arabs of ignorance has put idols around the Kaaba as much as 360 idols. Ignorance Arabs worshiped idols are usually named with the names of the women or men, famous idols include:

Hubal

Idols are regarded as the "God of the Moon" is carried by 'Amr ibn Luhay of Ma'rib (Moab) an area in Balqa'. According to the story of Ibn Hisham, he said that one of the magicians said to me that the person who first brought idol to Mecca was' Amr bin Luhay.

Latta

Idol in the form of carved stone, built a house on it. Latta ancient times was a righteous man who commonly knead flour to feed the pilgrims. When he died, people were building a house on her grave and covered with curtains. This idol is worshiped the Thaqif in Ta'if and servants are from Bani Muattab.

Al-'Uzzá

Samurah tree idols of Sallam Nakhlah located in a valley located between Mecca and Ta'if. In the vicinity there are buildings, and curtains. This idol also has servants (guards). This is an idol Uzza belongs to the tribe of Quraysh, Sulaym; Gathafan and Jusyam as well and tribes around him.

Manat

Idol in the form of a large stone which is located not far away in Mount Qudayd between Mecca and Medina. This idol is owned Khuza'ah tribe, Aus and Khazraj. If you are on pilgrimage (in the pre-Islamic period), they berihram at his side, and they worship.
Actually, this is only the fourth idol pious who lived in the days of Abraham. Afterward they died, some people make idols to respect people's excessively pious. They think of it as God's children. Not enough with the big idols were only for the Arabs to convey prayers and give sacrifices and offerings, but most of them it has also statues and idols in their respective homes.
Here are some idols that are not so well known, his name is not mentioned in the Qur'an, is only mentioned in the hadith, classical Arabic literature and others.

Among others are:

Manaf

Idols are always adored by women, but when women are getting your period, they were forbidden to approach the idols. Quraish often named their children with Abd al-Manaf (slave Manaf), especially among Bani Hudzail. Manaf has the meaning "high" or "high".

Dzu al-Halaas

Shaped idols carved white flint and on top of the stone there is something shaped crown. These idols worshiped by the Banu Daws, and Bani Bani Khats'am Bujailah, in Yemen and in the country country Tabalah located between Mecca and Medina. Waiter idols are Bani 'Umamah of Bahilah bin A'shar.

Dzu as-Shara

Shaped stone idols black and irregularly shaped, worshiped by Arab tribes Ishmaelites, namely the Nebaioth and the Duma. Regarded as the "son of a girl" and "the god of fertility." Another name of this idol is Dusares / Dzu Shura, who earned the nickname "The Gods of Mount Shara". Tribe of Banu al-Harith also have these idols.

Dzu al-Kaffayn

Idol of Amr ibn Hamamah of Banu Daws, which was destroyed by Thufayl ibn Amr al-Dawsi of the Prophet. This idol has the meaning "he who has both hands."

Al-Fals

Human shaped idols made of red stone which is in the middle of Mount Aja. Preserver idols are from Bani Bawlan, Bawlan itself is one who started the worship of idols. Descendants of Bani Bawlan last pagan named Sayfi.

Al-Ya'bub

Idols of the Be located in Thayyi. Previously they have different idols, but the Bani Asad took it. So they adopted the al-Ya'bub as his successor.

Asaf Naylah

Asaph the son Ya'la and Naylah bint Zayd were lovers of Yemen, then they make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Upon arrival in Mecca, they entered into the Kaaba, and they took the opportunity to commit adultery in it, when things quiet. Then they turned into 2 stones, which in turn brought out and placed in place of each. The second stone was later worshiped by the Children Khuza'ah and Quraysh, and also worshiped by the people who come on pilgrimage to the Holy House. The first to adopt the idols, and give the name of each, according to the ongoing tradition among them, among the Ishmaelites and other tribes are Hudhayl ​​bin Mudrikah.

At-Thuraiya

Idols are regarded as the god who bestows rain. Thuraiya has the meaning "that exist in large quantities".

Jadd

Idols are highly respected by the people semite. Its name is taken from the inscription Nabataeans, but in the form of Gadda.

Kuthrā

Regarded as "the richest god". Usually used as a boy by the name of Thai people '' Abd Kuthrā ".

Awf

Idols are considered "large bird of prey".

Quzah

Idol god of thunder, is considered to release the bolt from his crossbow.

Duwar

Idol girl who used to be surrounded by young women in the procession of worship to it.

Ri'am

Shaped idol worship house located in San'a owned Bani Rabi'a ibn Ka'b ibn Sa'd ibn Zaid, and Manat bin Tamim.

Rudha

Idol is considered a goddess "good deed" or "generosity". This idol of Bam Rabi'a ibn Ka'b ibn Sa'd bin Zaid bin Tamim bin Manat.

Al-Ka'abat

Idols belonging to tribes Bakr bin Wail and Taghib bin Wail, as well as the tribes in the area Iyad Sandad.

Sa'ad

Idols of Bam Kinanah, namely Bakr bin Kinanah, Malik bin Kinanah and Mulkan bin Kinanah. Shaped stone idols long, located in Juddah Beach.

Shams

Idols belonging to a clan of 'Udzrah. Often used as the name of Abd Shams (Servant of the sun)

'Amm-Anas

Idols belonging Khawlan tribes. Another name is' Umyanis.

Al-Uqaysir

Idols have Qudi'ah tribes, Lakhm, Judzam, 'Amilah and Ghathafan, lies the hilly area of ​​Syria.

Nuhm

Idols belonging to tribes Muzaynah, they used to call their children by name Abd Nuhm (Servant Nuhm). Preserver idol named Khuza'i bin 'Abd Nuhm.

Su'ayr

Idols belonging to the tribes' Anazah.

Dzu al-Rijl

Idols which means "he who has the legs".

Al-Qalas

Idols of Bam Thayyi 'successfully destroyed by the army under the leadership of Ali ibn Abu Talib. These idols are also worshiped by the inhabitants of Himyar and Yemen in San'a.

Al-Qais

Idols mentioned in the inscriptions of the Nabataeans Al Hijr.

Shai 'al-Qawm

Pagan inscriptions written in the Nabataeans and Palmyra, regarded as the god of war, the night, and a caravan guard. Earned the nickname "the god who never drink wine."
Small idols like Dzu al-Halaas, Dzu as-Shara, Dzu al-Kaffayn and Dzu al-Rijl usually named according to the name of the place idols are.

Residents of Ninawa (Jonah).

An idol unearthed by archaeologists in Iraq.
Jonah was sent by God to preach in a town called Ninawa in the Assyrian kingdom, where people worship idols Marduk, Ishtar, Nabu, Syamas and others, according to the tradition since the days of their ancestors. Jonah's teachings for the residents of Ninawa is a new thing that they had never heard before. Therefore they can not accept to replace the teachings and beliefs of their ancestors, who had become their custom. They challenged Jonah to impose on their doom, Jonah finally went with angry while asking God to punish them.
After the death of Jonah, the Ninawa restless, because the dark cloudy weather in the city, pets restless, their faces pale, and the wind that brought rumbling. They fear the threat of Jonah is really happening to them. Eventually they realized that Jonah was a righteous man and his teachings are from God, then regret their actions. They ran headlong from the town looking for Jonah shouting ask God's forgiveness for their sins. God eventually forgive them and soon the whole state recover as usual. Residents of Ninawa then keep looking for Jonah so that he could teach religion and lead them in the right way.

Nation Phoenicians and the Israelites (Ilyas).

According to a book called Atlas Koran works Syauqi Abu Khalil, Elias was sent by God to the Phoenicians in the Nation Ba'albek Phoenician city (Phoenician), which is located in the West of Guangxi region Damascus, which has now entered Lebanese territory. His people worshiped idols named Ba'al, which shaped women. Ilyas repeatedly warned his people, but they still deny. That is why Allah revealed drought disaster for many years, so that they became aware. After his people aware, Ilyas pray to God to drought disaster was discontinued. But after the accident stopped and their economies recover, they returned to practice polytheism. Finally the back misfortune befalls Ilyas heavier than before, with long drought doom.
Later in the year 323 BC - 64 BC by the Greeks Ba'albek city name was changed to "Heliopolis" (City of the Sun). In the year 64 BC, the city became a colony of the Romans during the reign of Julius Caesar. In the occupation of this nation, stone built temples dedicated to their gods, namely Jupiter.

People of Saba '(Sulayman).

Acts of worship People of Saba 'to the sun and the moon, based on the news carried by birds hud hud, which never crosses the region of South Yemen. Saba is the name of the ancient empire, with its capital city of Ma'rib which is located near the Yemeni capital Sana now. The story stated in Surah An-Naml 20-44.
Bird Hud said to Sulayman that he saw the people of Saba worshiping the sun, but God; then the devil made them look beautiful deeds. Then Sulayman did not necessarily believe the rumors Hud, then ordered the bird Hud order to bring the letter and dropped the letter to the Queen Balqis.
The letter contains an invitation to submit to Sulayman to submit and believe God as the Lord of the universe. After a meeting between the officials of the palace Balamah and Saba, they plan to send gifts to Sulayman.
A study of the ruins revealed that a queen who had been living in this region between 1000 - 950 BC and he never traveled north to Jerusalem. In the end the Queen Balqis also submit to Sulayman, according to another story says that eventually became the wife Balamah Sulayman. But among the people of Quraysh no special notes about trust worship of the sun and moon.

Children of Israel (Moses).

One of the people of Moses who has the magic is Musa ibn Zafar alias he brought, he is told to never make a female calf made of gold. Have made an idol that he brought to the house of Israel, as long as Moses went to get a revelation. By Samiri put a lump of land, the land is believed to be passed hooves former angel Gabriel when Moses and his followers crossed the Red Sea. So that the mouth of cows that could make a sound.
He brought create the sculpture influenced by religion / culture of Ancient Egypt, he imitates the gods Hathor, is one of the ancient Egyptian goddess, worshiped as gods cows from late 2700 BC during the second dynasty.

Population Rass, Madyan and Aykah (Shoaib).

The RASS is pagan, the name is taken from the name of a lake, which is "RASS" dried water. They are residents of a village located in an area called Falaj Yamamah, Thamud. They worshiped evergreens, named Shah Dirakht, in the language means "king of trees." The man who first planted the trees are Yafith son of Noah after the hurricane on the edge of the spring that is named Rowsyan oub.
They have been sent a prophet named Hanzalah bin Sofuan, but they denied him, until they had killed and dumped into the lake. After they managed to destroy the prophet, then this village into a terrible drought, so that these people disappear from the face of the earth.
In the Qur'an, Ashab al-Rass or residents of Rass is mentioned twice. Each contained in Surah Al-Furqan and Surah Qaf.
While residents of Madyan and Aykah are a people who live on the coast of the Red Sea in the southeast of Mount Sinai. Aykah is a place in the wooded area of ​​Madyan, then the place was used as a god by them, they worship a piece of desert land of trees. God they worship besides Aykah is Ba'al and Asherah. It is said that Shoaib was sent by God to the three people, who later in the story they have been destroyed due to the disaster through prayer Shoaib.

Chaldean nation (Ibrahim).

At the time of the Babylonian empire, led by Nimrod embrace polytheism and symbolized by the many idols to be worshiped. The most famous idols worshiped by the Chaldean nation in this age, is Marduk and Nabu, Marduk is considered as a child. Idol was located on Mount Nimrod in Abu al-Gharab, Iraq.
Then there is also an idol of God that they consider most important, namely the moon god Sin. Their God is depicted as a man with long beards, wearing long clothes carrying a crescent moon above. They make decoration pictures arise and carvings (statue) of their god and that they worship. Then Syamas sun god and Ishtar the goddess of fertility, love, war, and sex.
This is a widespread belief system when it is, who get persemaiannya place in the Near East, where its presence maintained in the long term. People who live in the region continued to worship these gods until around 600 AD As a result of that belief, many of the buildings known as the ancient ziggurat used as an observatory (a study of the stars) as well as temples, places of worship were built stretched from Mesopotamia to the depths of Anatolia, where the several gods, especially the god of (i) the moon called "Sin" is worshiped by these people.
At the time of Abraham destroying idols with his ax. Ironically named Azar Ibrahim's father was an idol maker. Minutes of Abraham in this Chaldean aimed at spreading understanding of monotheism and practices erode the worship of the gods. In the book History of the Prophets of Allah, Ahmad Bahjat, revealed that at the time of Abraham facing three groups of pagan. Pagan groups, according to Ahmad Bahjat include:
Worshippers statues made of wood and stone,
Worshipers of heavenly bodies and,
Worshippers kings or rulers.

'Ād (Hud).

Hud was sent in the middle of the tribe'Ād, they like to make statues and they named Shamud and Al-Hattar. The statues are worshiped as their god, who according to their beliefs, can give happiness, goodness and benefits and can resist evil, loss and all calamities. Enjoyment of life they received, considered a gift from the idols. Fertile soil and produce abundant crops.  Therefore they are not dotted bow to idols and grateful as she begged protection from all dangers and disasters such as disease or drought.

Bani Rasib (Noah).

According to the story of Ibn Abbas, the beginning of the emergence of the worship of idols was in the days of Noah. The origin of the names of the idols are taken from the names of those scholars who have lived with them before. On the pretext of piety and commemorate their merits as well as to stimulate the spirit of worship of the time, then made sculptures, drawings, symbols of their physical visualization. But gradually with each passing generation, the statues were actually worshiped and used as a god figure.

At the time of Noah worshiped idols are :

Wadd

Bani Kayb adopt these idols, which is regarded as a god man in Dimât al-Jandal.

Suwa

Bani Hudzail adopt these idols is then placed in the area around Yanbu ' near Medina. Suwa regarded as the god of women, in Ruhat while the keepers of this idol is Bani Lihyan.

Yaghūts

Murad Bani idols are considered as god lion, then to Bani Ghuthoif slope of a hill located in the town of Saba and residents Huras in Madzhaj, Yemen, and Bani An'um in Thayyi '. According to Ibn Kalbi submitted by this idol is worshiped also by Madzhij and Bani Bani Jurasy.

Ya`ûq

Idols for Hamdan and Bani Bani Kinanah considered as god of horses. Placed in a village named Khaywan, with the distance for 2 nights on a trip to Mecca.

Nasr

Idols to Bani Himyar in Balkha, Yemen, which is considered as god herring, family deity Dzi Kila.
"... And they said," Do not you ever leave (worship) gods and do you also not you ever leave (worship) Wadd, and do not be too Suwaa ', Yaghuts, Ya'uq and Nasr. " (Noah 71:23). "
Each tribe has their idol worship, but the idols have a different position. The worship of idols was later dropped, the move to the Arabs. Then there is also the Arab nation idols named with names that had been used by the people of Nuh it.

Star worship.

Stars is a very important element for the people in the Arabian Peninsula, especially helping them to indicate the direction of travel at night. However, on his journey, these stars become something that is considered sacred and has elements of divinity. After this it was born of religious worship of this star and spread in several regions in the Arab Jaziran. Religion is generally shared by the Haran, Bahrain and some rural areas.
The teachings brought by Abu Kabsyah to Mecca, he worshiped the stars Syara. The teaching is followed by Bani Bani Lakhm and Khuza'ah. But the people of Quraysh generally not too keen and only a few who subscribes.
In this regard, Muhammad been called by the nickname Ibn Abu Kabsyah (son of Abu Kabsyah) because of the teachings of Islam are considered equal to the deviations of the teachings of Abu Kabsyah, and contrary to the public confidence in the generality of Quraysh.

Worship fire.

This doctrine is a doctrine that is born of Persia, around 1700 BC - 500 BC called Zoroastrianism, or better known as Zoroastrianism. This teaching believes that affect the power balance of the universe, and the highest power in the doctrine is the power of truth, which is symbolized by the fire as the light, and the forces of evil symbolized by darkness. In practice, they worship fire as their god and have eternal fire which has always maintained to avoid outages.
Zoroastrian teachings spread in Makkah zindiq flow of Hirah area. Known Quraysh embraced this doctrine is Arqa 'bin Habis and Abu Suud. While adherents of Zoroastrianism in the region are well known Tamim is Zurarah at-Tamimi and his son Hajib bin Zurarah. This teaching is also spread in the region of Hajar from Bahrain.

The worship of animals.

The ancient Egyptians worshiped the few animals that they believe to be the embodiment of each particular god. The animals were selected based on certain sacred signs which are believed to show the proper role for these animals. Some animals will be maintained as a god cult until the end of his life, such as the Apis bull worshiped in Memphis and is regarded as the embodiment of Ptah. While other animals selected for a much shorter period.
This cult then grew more popular in later times, and many places of worship began to raise the stock of animals designated as an incarnation of the god. Separate practice developed in Dynasty twenty-six, when people began to make a mummy every member of a particular species of animal as a sacrifice to the gods who represent the species. Millions of mummified cats, birds, and other animals buried in the temples to honor the gods of Egypt. To get the mummy of animals associated with the gods, the ordinary worshipers pay the pastor of a particular god, who then mummy will be placed in the cemetery near the center of the cult of the god.

The worship of the cat which was considered by the ancient Egyptians as the cat goddess Bastet occurred in the second dynasty of Egypt. This is evident when the mummy was found in the temple Bast 300,000. Bastet is represented by a woman's body with the head of a cat which is defined as the goddess of fertility, life and death. The ancient Egyptians also believed that the cat has a magical power to see the truth and the life.
According to an expert cat, ancient Egyptians regarded as a savior cat plague spread by rats. After the rats lost to predation by cats, then the plague infecting the region disappeared. Thanks to the cat, the Egyptian population who still worship idols regard cats as gods helper for them.

Worship food.

Nomadic Bedouin tribes, used to make idols of cake or bread, as ever undertaken by the clan of Banu Hanifa. They made a statue of palm oil mixed with cumin. Then they worshiped until a long time, but when receiving the disaster, they assume they have failed God. Then take the idols, partly for themselves some other sacrificed to idols.
But when they feel hungry, they will come back and eat it, saying that idols are not able to maintain its share. This habit is often done by Umar when he had not embraced Islam.

The pagan belief in the Qur'an.

God likens beliefs polytheists against the power of the idols that were worshiped together with a belief in the power of the spider nest, as set out in Surah Al 'Ankabuut (spiders) in paragraph 41 of this letter, in which God likens the worshipers of idols that, with the spider who believe in the power of his home as a place of refuge and a place he ensnare prey, if before the wind or overwritten by a small item, it will be destroyed nest. Surah Al 'Ankabuut: 41.
"The likeness of those who take protectors other than Allah is like a spider that makes the home, and in fact the weakest home is the spider's house if they but knew. (Al Ankabuut: 41).
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/idol-noun-meaning-god.html
DatePublished: 19 April 2015 at 21:16

Tags : Idol noun meaning god.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Ferrari haunt Mercedes in Sakhir.

Surprise in Malaysia Can Repeated.

Since the defeat of Ferrari in Malaysia (29/3), Mercedes always keep going back to missed concern on the next races. In Bahrain tonight, the greater the fear. Conditions are expected to race in Malaysia is similar to the source of the concern.

From the results of the exercise on the first day and the second, Mercedes is still the fastest in terms of achievement of one lap. However, the race is not about speed of the lap, but the long duration of the competition for 57 laps which require consistency of performance and exceptional tire management.

After mastering the first training session, Ferrari returned must admit speed Mercedes in the afternoon practice. Nico Rosberg who always appear tough on Sakhir posted a best time of 1 minute 34.647 seconds or 0.1 seconds faster than his team mate Lewis Hamilton.

See the pattern, these results seem similar to the Malaysian GP. Mercedes enjoyed superiority in a record time of one lap, but Ferrari is stronger in the long distance. F15 car mounts Kimi Raikkonen and Sebastian Vettel had a fitting design to save tires.

As reported by Autosport, Pirelli tire supplier Fomula1, has calculated the presence of a wide range of performance soft tires (soft) and the medium in the crush of the laps. The difference up to two seconds faster if using soft tires, so it can be believed tires with soft surface will be the first choice for the race today. Especially for the weather conditions in the not too hot Sakhir soft tire proved to be able to survive long enough, 18-20 laps or more.

On Friday practice, the temperature of 30 degrees Celsius was recorded tracks, while at the race today Sunday (19/4), the temperature is estimated to be lower. With these facts simply do a pit stop racers twice only.

The bad news for Mercedes is the average speed of Vettel when using the soft tires better than Rosberg fastest racer. On average, the world champion four consecutive seasons of the record time of 1 minute 39.499 seconds or almost one second faster than Rosberg. It became the largest time difference between Vettel and Rosberg along the second practice session on Friday.

But the longest lap Vettel made the second practice session only eight rounds. The number is far less than that produced Rosberg.
So it is possible the time difference between the two in the race will be tight.
Rosberg himself said that qualifying results are not too influential in Sakhir, because there are many points along the 5.4-kilometer track that can be used to perform overtaking.
"All is determined during the race. Here (Bahrain) you can overtake in the middle of the track, so the setting of the car is the biggest factor in the race tomorrow (today)," said Rosberg who took pole position and fastest lap at the Bahrain Grand Prix last year, but lost by Hamilton during the race.

In the last training session, Hamilton emerged as the fastest, but his time was only very slightly from Sebastian Vettel in second place. The defending champion posted a best time of 1 minute 34 599 seconds, 0.069 seconds quicker than Vettel and both are reported together using soft tires.
Meanwhile, Hamilton maintains a record 100 per cent as pole winner this season. Utilizing his last chance in the qualifying session, the drivers Stevenage, UK posted a best time of 1 minute 32.571 seconds. The best time to bulldoze notes Sebastian Vettel who was entrenched in the top at the close of the session. Both time difference of 0.4 seconds. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/ferrari-haunt-mercedes-in-sakhir.html
DatePublished: 19 April 2015 at 20:19

Tags : Ferrari haunt Mercedes in Sakhir.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW